Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

Peter Dyment Ltd March 2014

Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

For Health , Personal Comfort and Working Efficiency


Indoor Air Quality perception is different for each individual

Clean air of the correct temperature and humidity is required.

ECONOMIC AND HEALTH PENALTY

Loss of Work Efficiency with poor IAQ or Sick Building Syndrome

ECONOMIC AND HEALTH BENEFIT

In an office study productivity increased by 6.5% and error rate reduced

by 18% when a pollution source was removed. Wargocki et al 2002

Indoor Air Quality for buildings 2


What are the key elements that make

Good IAQ

1. Clean Air that has the minimal levels of air pollution

2. Comfortable Air Temperature

3. Comfortable level of Humidity

4. Ventilation rate is able to dilute Carbon Dioxide and replace Oxygen

5. An Air tight building envelope with tested performance

6. Planned maintenance that includes AHU and Air Duct Hygiene inspection and cleaning

3

Particle counting in Knightsbridge LondonOutside Traffic pollution will enter buildings


Indoor Air Quality for Buildings 4

1. Clean air can be an issue especially in urban and industrial locations with high levels of background air pollution. Air filtration is usually needed

2. For comfort we need the air to be clean and in a narrow band of temperature 20-24 deg.C.

3. For comfort Relative Humidity should be about 40% to 60%


Typically we spend about 90% of our time inside buildings so IAQ matters.


4. Optimum ventilation can be effective to certain level to dilute Carbon dioxide and air pollutants.

5. An airtight building envelope can be designed and tested on new build projects.

6. Standards and Guidelines should be followed to ensure Clean Healthy Indoor Air Quality is maintained.


6

CO

Benzene

Particles size- weight

Ozone

Nitrogen

oxidesSO

2

Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Metals

10 μm = 10/1.000.000 m

sub-micron

NO & NO2 = NO

x

PAH

Nano particles < 0,05 μm (<50 nm)

2.5 μm 1 μm

PM 2.5

PM 10

What is in the air that we do not see?

What is risk to our Health?

What is the major risk to health?Air Pollution causes up to 360,000 premature deaths per year in the EU. Pope et al 2002


ParticlesCardio vascular diseasesLung diseasesAsthmaIncreased mortality in heart and lung diseasesand cancer Nitrogen dioxidesAsthma and breathing disorderReduced lung functionReduced immunological defense.Cancer?

OzoneAsthmatic disorders, mucous irritation, eye irritation, headache

Benzene & PAHCancer

Some Pollutants are Outdoor Sourced Some are Indoor Sourced Which are more harmful?


Healthvent EU Project Report 2013


Healthvent EU Project Report 2013


How much is too much?

Particles PM2.5 *

Max 25 μg/m3 /24 h

Max 10 μg/m3 /year annual mean

Nitrogen dioxide:

Max 200 μg/m3 /1h mean

Max 40 μg/m3 /year annual mean

Ozone:

Below 100 μg/m3 – 8 h mean


To protect people's health & the environmentAgreed with EU directives

• WHO has declared fine combustion particles from diesel engines are now classed as a Group 1 Carcinogen

and also Air pollution

Indoor Air Quality problems can be determined by Air Quality testing


Indoor air pollutants can be measured and assessed by use of a particle counter or for gas pollutants a gas monitor or a City check kit as shown. This kit can determine concentration levels for 39 different problem gas pollutants.

Once the type and concentration of the pollutants has been determined and the risk level determined, action can be taken when required to make reductions.

Portable handheld particle counter


HiFlo M7 Bag filterCity-Flo Bag filter

Citycarb compact filterCitysorb compact filter

Low Energy Air Filters consistent and effective IAQ performance

• Low Energy Air Filters with EN13779:2007 performance F7 to F9

• Gas filtration also to EN13779:2007 when required.

• Micro-fibre glass medium performs consistently for up to 2 years.

• Low operating pressure drop for best energy efficiency.

• Minimal maintenance and disposal costs


• Particle filtration• Gas filtration• Without upgrading

the main HVAC system

• Energy efficient

Stand alone portable air cleaners provide a practical health and economic solution

Mix recirculation and supply air

Fast response and portable to give Clean Indoor Air Quality

Air Duct hygiene inspection and cleaning


BS EN15780 : 2011 Ventilation for buildings also the new updated B&ES TR19 Guide to good practice - Internal Cleanliness of Ventilation Systems

An airtight building envelope can prevent ingress of air pollution for clean IAQ


Particles counted are mainly toxic fine combustion particulates from traffic

BenefitParticle Reduction of 78% between Outside and Inside Air

Particle Reduction to Supply Air also byEffective Air Filtration

Airtight building testing


Airtight building envelope testing is becoming a requirement for many new-build projects

BSRIA Air Tightness for compliance to Part L1 and L2 building regulations. Member of ATTMA, the appointed air pressure testing organisation for the BINDT

Once the air tightness of a building envelope is known it is possible to assess the required air change rates to give adequate ventilation.

Carbon dioxide reduction along with other internal background gas phase pollutants can be achieved.


Clearly the elements are available for

Good Indoor Air Quality

1. Effective Low Energy Air Filters in Air Handling Units or stand alone air cleaners

2. Air Temperature control

3. Humidity level control when needed

4. Ventilation rate sufficient to dilute levels of Carbon Dioxide and replace Oxygen.

5. An Air tight building envelope with tested performance

6. Effective monitoring and planned maintenance that includes AHU and Air Duct Hygiene inspection and cleaning

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Air System AHU and Duct maintenance is a short payback measure to achieve clean IAQ.



Questions?

[email protected]

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Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

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