Indoor Air Quality Report - SDSU · 9666 Businesspark Ave, Suite 102 San Diego, CA 92131 (619)...

9666 Businesspark Ave, Suite 102 ◦ San Diego, CA 92131 ◦ (619) 276-5901 ◦ Fax (619) 276-5904

Indoor Air Quality Report

at

Professional Studies and Fine Arts Building San Diego State University Campanile Mall San Diego, CA 92182

Prepared for:

DPR Construction

Prepared By: Aurora Industrial Hygiene

San Diego, California

Reviewed By: Date: May 24, 2019 Karen G. Shockley, CIH #6766

San Diego State University – PSFA Building Page 2 Indoor Air Quality Report May 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3

2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................4

3.0 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................................6 3.1 VISUAL ASSESSMENT OF ASBESTOS-CONTAINING MATERIALS ..........................................................6 3.2 DIRECT READING MONITORING ..........................................................................................................6

3.2.1 Temperature ................................................................................................................................6 3.2.2 Humidity ......................................................................................................................................6 3.2.3 Carbon Monoxide ........................................................................................................................7 3.2.4 Carbon Dioxide ...........................................................................................................................7 3.2.5 Particulates .................................................................................................................................7 3.2.6 VOCs ...........................................................................................................................................8 3.2.7 Summary of Direct Reading Results ............................................................................................8

Table 1 – Summary of Direct Reading Measurements by Location ...................................................................................................... 9 3.3 AIR SAMPLING ..................................................................................................................................11

3.3.1 Fiberglass ..................................................................................................................................11 Table 2 – Fiberglass Air Sampling Results .......................................................................................................................................... 11

3.3.2 Asphalt Fume .............................................................................................................................12 Table 3 – Asphalt Air Sampling Results ............................................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.3 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles (CTPVs) .............................................................................................13 Table 4 – Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Air Sampling Results .................................................................................................................... 13

3.3.4 Stoddard Solvent .......................................................................................................................14 Table 5 – Stoddard Solvent Air Sampling Results ................................................................................................................................ 14

3.3.5 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PNAHs) – 18 Compounds ............................................15 Table 6 – PNAH Air Sampling Results Summary ................................................................................................................................ 15

3.3.6 Organic Vapors – 25 Compounds .............................................................................................17 Table 7 – Organic Vapor Occupational Exposure Limits .................................................................................................................... 17 Table 8 – Organic Vapor Air Sampling Results Summary .................................................................................................................. 18

3.3.7 Aldehydes – 10 Compounds ......................................................................................................19 Table 9 – Aldehyde Air Sampling Results Summary ........................................................................................................................... 19 Table 10 – Follow-Up Formaldehyde Air Sampling Results – May 9, 2019 ....................................................................................... 20

3.4 BIOAEROSOL EVALUATION ...............................................................................................................21 Table 11 – Bioaerosol Air Sampling Results Summary ....................................................................................................................... 21 Table 12 – Follow-Up Bioaerosol Air Sampling Results Summary .................................................................................................... 24

4.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................25

5.0 LIMITATIONS ..............................................................................................................................27

6.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................28


1.0 INTRODUCTION This indoor air quality report has been prepared by Aurora Industrial Hygiene (Aurora) for the exclusive use of DPR Construction and the San Diego State University (SDSU). Our work is intended to assist you. This report does not necessarily include every possible loss potential, code violation or exception to good practice. This report applies only to the sample, or samples, investigated and is not necessarily indicative of the quality or condition of apparently identical or similar products or conditions. As a mutual protection to SDSU, the client, the public, and Aurora this report is submitted and accepted for the exclusive use of the client to whom it is addressed and upon the condition that it is not to be used, in whole or in part, in any advertising or publicity matter without prior written authorization from Aurora. This report summarizes specific results and findings from sampling conducted in the Professional Studies and Fine Arts (PSFA) building at the SDSU in San Diego, California, Air monitoring was conducted from April 24-26, 2019. The sampling was conducted by Industrial Hygienists Rick Shockley and Robert Rinck, under the immediate supervision of Certified Industrial Hygienist Karen Shockley. The specific sampling protocol was coordinated with DPR/SDSU and included the following: air sampling for bioaerosols, fiberglass, asphalt fumes, coat tar pitch volatiles (CTPV), Stoddard solvent, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAHs), organic vapors, aldehydes, and direct reading measurements for temperature (T), humidity (RH), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulates, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Additionally, a visual assessment of the condition of installed asbestos-containing materials was conducted.


2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At the request of San Diego State University (SDSU), Aurora Industrial Hygiene conducted air sampling and a visual assessment in the Professional Studies and Fine Arts (PSFA) building. The monitoring was conducted from April 24-26, 2019. Four sampling locations were selected on each of the four floors of the building in order to represent every HVAC zone. The specific sampling protocol included:

• Air sampling for bioaerosols (i.e. mold); • Air sampling for fiberglass; • Air sampling for constituents of materials that were recently installed on the building’s, roof,

including asphalt, coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV), Stoddard solvent, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PNAHs);

• Air sampling for constituents of widely used ingredients in household products, including a list of 25 organic vapor compounds;

• Air sampling for materials that could potentially off-gas following installation of new carpeting, furnishings, and cabinetry, including a list of ten aldehyde compounds;

• Direct reading measurements for temperature (T), humidity (RH), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulates, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and

• A visual assessment of the condition of installed asbestos-containing materials. Follow-up sampling for formaldehyde was conducted on May 9, 2019. Follow-up sampling for total mold spores was conducted on May 15, 2019. The federal government and the State of California have defined Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) for chemical exposures in the workplace. These limits refer to “airborne contaminants to which nearly all workers may be exposed daily during a 40-hour workweek for a working lifetime without adverse effect. Because of some variation in individual susceptibility, an occasional worker may suffer discomfort, aggravation of a pre-existing condition, or occupational diseases upon exposures even below the values specified. The exposure limits established by this section reflect current medical opinion and industrial hygiene practice, doubts being resolved on the side of safety, and are intended to be used in accordance with good industrial hygiene practice by qualified persons.” PELs are typically measured as 8-hour time-weighted averages, although in some cases short term (15 minute) and instantaneous limits apply as well. An employer may not expose employees to concentrations above PELs, unless additional protective measures are in place to educate employees and reduce exposure. Other organizations, such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) publish Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs). RELs are recommendations and are not legally enforceable occupational standards. All air sampling results were below the established OSHA PELs at all locations. Findings were as follows:

• Mold: 39 indoor and six outdoor air samples were collected during the initial assessment. All of the indoor air samples had less mold detected than the outdoor air samples. 38 of the 39 indoor air samples had similar distribution of mold types as the outdoor air samples. One indoor air sample, which was collected in an unoccupied utility closet, indicated a possible indoor mold


source in the closet. Further investigation in this location was recommended. Follow-up sampling was conducted and results were less than outdoors and did not indicate an indoor mold source.

• Fiberglass, asphalt, coal tar pitch volatiles, Stoddard solvent, and organic vapors were not detected in any of the indoor air samples at any of the locations.

• Most PNAH compounds were not detected. The compounds that were detected were at levels well below the OSHA PEL and NIOSH REL.

• The majority of aldehyde compounds were not detected at any of the locations. Only formaldehyde was detected at one location at levels well below the OSHA PEL but slightly in excess of the NIOSH REL. Recommendations to increase ventilation and conduct further assessment were made. Follow-up sampling for formaldehyde was conducted in all the rooms in the vicinity of the formaldehyde detection. Formaldehyde was detected in one of the 13 indoor air follow-up samples. Results were below the initial result, well below the OSHA PEL, and slightly in excess of the NIOSH REL. Follow-up sampling is recommended.

• Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were below any levels of concern at all locations. • Temperature measurements were generally within typical comfort ranges but were at times hotter

and colder than is typically considered comfortable. • All installed asbestos-containing materials were observed to be in good/intact condition.

Laboratory reports and logged data from the direct reading instruments are included in Appendices B and C.


3.0 FINDINGS Industrial Hygienists Rick Shockley and Robert Rinck, along with Karen Shockley, CIH, of Aurora, conducted the sampling, which included direct reading measurements of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulates, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using SmartSense air quality monitors, and air sampling for fiberglass, asphalt fumes, coat tar pitch volatiles, Stoddard solvent, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAHs), organic vapors, aldehydes, and bioaerosols in various locations. This assessment and sampling were conducted in order to evaluate the indoor air quality of the PSFA building. 3.1 Visual Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Materials The hazardous materials inspection for the building was provided to Aurora by San Diego State University. Aurora reviewed the inspection to learn the location of installed asbestos-containing materials within the building. A State of California Certified Asbestos Consultant conducted a walk-through of the building to visually assess the condition of asbestos-containing materials. The materials appeared in good condition and intact. 3.2 Direct Reading Monitoring Direct reading monitoring stations were set up at four locations on each of the four floors for T, RH, CO, CO2, particulates, and VOCs using SmartSense monitors, which were all properly calibrated prior to use. The SmartSense monitors were placed at each location for approximately 8 to 24 hours before being moved to the next location. Data was collected continuously and recorded every minute as 15-minute rolling averages. A summary of the measurements is provided in Section 3.2.7. A brief description of the results is as follows: 3.2.1 Temperature In ASHRAE Standard 55-2013, “Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy”, the recommended temperature range is 68°F to 82°F depending on relative humidity, season, clothing worn, activity levels, and other factors. OSHA recommends temperature control in the range of 68-76°F.

Findings: The average temperatures of most areas were within the ASHRAE recommended comfort range, however there were periods where the temperatures were outside the comfort range (cold and hot). 3.2.2 Humidity ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013, “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,” recommends that relative humidity (RH) in occupied spaces be maintained to less than 65% to minimize drying of mucous membranes and growth of allergenic or pathogenic organisms.

Findings: The average humidity measurements were below the recommended maximum at all monitored locations.


3.2.3 Carbon Monoxide CO is a common background contaminant in the outdoor environment due to exhaust emissions from vehicular traffic, cigarette smoke, and other combustion sources. CO can enter building interiors through pathways such as open doorways/windows, inward air leakage (infiltration) through openings in building components, and through the outside supply air (OSA) intakes serving the ventilation system. Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations, Section 5155 (T8 CCR 5155) has established a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO of 25 parts per million (ppm) as an acceptable 8-hour time-weighted average for employees. The most current American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) indoor air quality standard recommends that indoor carbon monoxide levels not exceed an average of 9 ppm per eight-hour work day and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed an ambient standard for carbon monoxide of 9 ppm averaged over eight hours. Findings: The average measured CO levels ranged from 0 – 1.4 ppm during the sampling period for all monitored locations. All CO levels were well below established exposure levels.  

3.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Human occupants produce CO2, water vapor, particulates, biological aerosols, and other contaminants. Measurements of CO2 levels are used as a screening technique to evaluate whether enough outside air is being introduced into the environment to effectively remove these contaminants. CO2 is used as a surrogate indicator for other contaminants, including some particulates and odors that may build up due to the lack of adequate fresh air supply. The accumulation of CO2, together with the physical factors such as air temperature and humidity, can act to produce health symptoms associated with a poorly ventilated indoor environment. The general rule of thumb is that complaints such as headaches, fatigue, and eye/throat irritation will often occur whenever CO2 concentrations exceed 1,000 parts per million (ppm) for a substantial period of time. A probable cause of this condition is inadequate ventilation. It is important to note that the CO2 level itself is not the cause of adverse symptoms but is used as an indicator of adequate fresh air. In addition, ASHRAE recommends that the level of carbon dioxide (in order to provide adequate fresh air to replace respired oxygen, dissipate odors, moisture, and heat) not exceed 700 ppm above the ambient outdoor concentration which is typically 300-500 ppm. Findings: Collected data revealed that CO2 levels remained well below the 1,000-ppm benchmark during the sampling period. The air monitoring results indicate that the existing HVAC system is providing adequate fresh air for the conditions under which the monitoring occurred. Because the building was not occupied at the time of this assessment, if concerns persist, consider repeating carbon dioxide monitoring after the building has been re-occupied.  

3.2.5 Particulates Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture consisting of varying combinations of dry solid fragments, solid cores with liquid coatings and small droplets of liquid. These tiny particles vary greatly in shape, size and chemical composition, and can be made up of many different materials such as metals, soot, soil and dust.


Cal/OSHA PEL for total particulate matter is 10 milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) and is 5 mg/m3 for respirable particulates. California Air Resource Board (ARB) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set ambient air quality standard (AAQS) for particle matter (PM). Particles are defined by their diameter for air quality regulatory purposes. Those with a diameter of 10 microns or less (PM10) are inhalable into the lungs and can induce adverse health effects. Fine particulate matter is defined as particles that are 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5). Therefore, PM2.5 comprises a portion of PM10. The following summarizes the ARB and EPA standards by annual and 24-hour averages for PM10 and PM2.5.

California ARB PM10 EPA Standard PM10 Annual Average 20 µg/m3 N/A 24-Hour Average 50 µg/m3 150 µg/m3

California ARB PM2.5 EPA Standard PM2.5 Annual Average 12 µg/m3 12 µg/m3 24-Hour Average N/A 35 µg/m3

Findings: Collected data revealed that average PM10 and PM2.5 levels for all monitored locations remained below the 24-hour average standards for PM10 and PM2.5. 3.2.6 VOCs Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Paints, varnishes, and wax all contain organic solvents, as do many cleaning, disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, and hobby products. Fuels are made up of organic chemicals. Many of these products can release organic compounds during use and/or storage. There is not a permissible exposure limit for VOCs, in general. Although many of the individual compounds have permissible exposure limits. Ambient air quality standards have not been established for VOCs. Findings: Collected data revealed that VOCs levels remained well below any applicable standard or guideline for the duration of the monitoring period for all locations and were not indicative of a health hazard. 3.2.7 Summary of Direct Reading Results The complete logged data sets from the direct reading instruments are included in Appendix C. The monitoring locations are indicated on the diagram in Appendix A. A summary of the averages for all the monitored locations, including outdoor readings is below:


Table 1 – Summary of Direct Reading Measurements by Location

Location Monitoring Period Average

CO (ppm)

CO2 (ppm) Temp (°F)

Humidity (%)

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10 (µg/m3)

VOCs (ppm)

Office 212J 4/24/2019 1104 – 4/25/2019 0854 0.00 * 75.8

(66.6-77.1) 48.2

(46.4-65.1) 7.0 8.1 0.32

Conference Room 212K

4/24/2019 1135 – 4/25/2019 1555 0.52 429

67.1 (62.8-69.0)

45.8 (43.5-52.6) 2.1 3.1 0.06

Office 219 4/24/2019 1145 – 4/25/2019 0856 0.15 462 75.4

(72.2-81.6) 58.1

(56.4-62.9) 1.0 1.9 0.02

Office 212C 4/24/2019 1145 – 4/25/2019 0857 1.44 * 78.2

(72.3-79.4) 47.6

(45.8-57.0) 2.1 3.2 0.02

Office 141G 4/25/2019 0946 – 4/26/2019 0800 0.12 * 74.5

(70.8-75.6) 49.1

(45.9-53.9) 11.5 12.4 0.25

Office 127 4/25/2019 0955 – 4/26/2019 0805 0.46 390 74.7

(53.8-76.0) 48.4

(46.6-54.5) 1.7 2.7 0.05

Office 166 4/25/2019 1005 – 4/26/2019 0806 0.13 514 79.6

(69.1-81.3) 50.4

(47.8-63.7) 2.7 3.5 0.13

Room 100 4/25/2019 1015 – 4/26/2019 0808 0.07 * 74.4

(63.9-75.6) 53.7

(51.9-57.2) 1.6 2.7 0.29

Office 361G 4/25/2019 1045 – 4/26/2019 0824 0.24 338 76.7

67.9-77.5) 40.7

(39.6-52.2) 26.0 27.5 0.00

Office 305 4/25/2019 1101 – 4/26/2019 0830 0.58 790 81.9

(72.6-85.1) 35.7

(33.7-53.6) 22.5 23.9 0.00

Office 469 4/26/2019 0831 – 1547 0.00 * 72.3

(71.9-72.9) 50.5

(49.8-51.3) 9.9 10.7 0.00

Room 416 4/26/2019 0820 – 1544 0.37 360 73.8

(71.9-74.9) 48.8

(46.8-51.4) 3.7 4.68 0.05


Location Monitoring Period Average

CO (ppm)

CO2 (ppm) Temp (°F)

Humidity (%)

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10 (µg/m3)

VOCs (ppm)

Room 431 4/26/2019 0827 – 1550 0.14 459 77.2

(76.5-77.8) 51.4

(50.6-52.7) 0.52 1.73 0.13

Room 436B-B 4/26/2019 0831 - 1551 0.24 * 81.9

(73.4-84.1) 45.0

(41.5-55.2) 1.8 2.5 0.30

Room 375 4/26/2019 0835 – 1543 0.22 299 75.5

(73.5-76.7) 41.2

(38.8-43.8) 33.0 34.6 0.00

Room 325 4/26/2019 0846-1544 0.52 720 73.5 (72.5-79.4) 42.3

(36.1-44.2) 8.4 9.4 0.00

Outside 4/24/2019 1133 – 4/26/2019 1534 0.04 * 67.6

(54.2-88.6) 48.8

(28.2-66.2) 4.4 5.1 0.09

*CO2 sensor failed to communicate with instrument. Data not collected.


3.3 Air Sampling During the initial monitoring, air sampling was conducted at sixteen (16) locations with four samples collected from each floor, positioned to represent the HVAC zones. Sampling was performed using diffusive monitoring badges or Sensidyne personal sampling pumps with appropriate sample media, which were calibrated prior to sample collection (pre-calibrated) and at the end of the sampling event with a calibrated rotameter. The flow rate for each sample was established as an average of the two values. A unique sample identification (ID) number was assigned to each sample and was placed on the sample media. The ID number, flow rate, calibration data, location, and time were also recorded on the sampling data sheet. Proper transfer of samples from project site to laboratory requires documentation and custody procedures. Components of sample transfer documentation include sample labels, a chain-of-custody record, and a sample analysis request form. All documentation entries were made with waterproof ink. Samples were delivered by Federal Express under proper chain of custody either to SGS Galson, 601 Kirkville Road, East Syracuse, New York or Assay Technologies, 250 DeBartolo Place, #2525, Boardman, OH 44512. SGS Galson and Assay Technologies are accredited by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Industrial Hygiene Proficiency Analytical Testing (IHPAT) programs. 3.3.1 Fiberglass Fiberglass samples were collected to determine if elevated levels were present, which may indicate a shedding of architectural materials. Fiberglass samples were collected and analyzed following modified NIOSH Method 7400, phase contrast microscopy (“B” counting rules), using 25-mm cellulose ester membrane filters with a conductive cowl.

Table 2 – Fiberglass Air Sampling Results

Sample Number Sample Location Fiberglass Results1

(f/cc)

Fiberglass PEL (f/cc)

PSFA-FG01 Office 212J


Sample Number Sample Location Fiberglass Results1

(f/cc)

Fiberglass PEL (f/cc)

PSFA-FG13 Room 375


Sample Number Sample Location Asphalt Results2 (mg/m3)

PEL (mg/m3)

PSFA-AS15 Office 469


Sample Number Sample Location

CTPV Results3 (mg/m3)

CTPVs PEL

(mg/m3) PSFA-CT16 Room 416


Sample Number Sample Location

Stoddard Solvent Results4

(mg/m3)

PEL (mg/m3)

PSFA-SS17 Room 431


Sample Number Sample Location Detectable PNAH (mg/m

3) PEL (mg/m3)

0.001 -2-Methylnapthalene 0.0024 - Naphthalene

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Naphthalene - 0.5

1-Methylnaphthalene 2- Methylnaphthalene

Phenanthrene (CTPV) – 0.2 Pyrene (CTPV) – 0.2

PSFA-PN06 Office 141G 0.001 -1-Methylnapthalene 0.001 -2-Methylnapthalene

0.0024 - Naphthalene PSFA-PN07 Office 127 0.0008 -1-Methylnapthalene


PSFA-PN08 Office 166 0.001 -1-Methylnapthalene 0.0009 -2-Methylnapthalene

0.0021 - Naphthalene PSFA-PN09 Room 100 0.0021 -1-Methylnapthalene

0.0018 -2-Methylnapthalene 0.0006 - Acenaphthene 0.0041 – Naphthalene 0.006 - Phenanthrene

PSFA-PN10 Office 361G 0.001 -1-Methylnapthalene 0.0009 -2-Methylnapthalene

0.0020 - Naphthalene PSFA-PN13 Room 375 0.001 - Naphthalene PSFA-PN14 Room 325 0.0005 -2-Methylnapthalene

0.001 - Naphthalene PSFA-PN15 Office 469 0.0006 -1-Methylnapthalene


PSFA-PN16 Room 416 0.0007 -Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 0.0020 - Naphthalene

PSFA-PN17 Room 431 0.0005 -1-Methylnapthalene 0.0029 - Naphthalene

PSFA-PN18 Room 436B-B 0.0007 -2-Methylnapthalene 0.0023 - Naphthalene

PSFA-PN20 Office 305 0.0006 -1-Methylnapthalene 0.0008 -2-Methylnapthalene

0.0028 - Naphthalene


Sample Number Sample Location Detectable PNAH (mg/m

3) PEL (mg/m3)

PSFA-PN05 Blank None Detected PSFA-PN12 Blank None Detected PSFA-PN19 Blank None Detected

3.3.6 Organic Vapors – 25 Compounds Volatile organic compounds are widely used as ingredients in household products. Paints, varnishes, and wax all contain organic solvents, as do many cleaning, disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, and hobby products. Many of these products can release organic compounds during use and/or storage. There is not a permissible exposure limit for VOCs, in general. Although many of the individual compounds have permissible exposure limits. VOCs sampling was conducted using Assay Technologies 525 Organic Vapor monitor and analyzed using modified NIOSH method 1550, gas chromatography. The samples were analyzed for the following 25 compounds and compared to the listed Cal/OSHA PEL, Ceiling, and/or STEL, NIOSH REL, and/or American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLV). When established, California-OSHA 8-hour PELs are presented. A “STEL” note indicates a short term (15-minute) exposure limit. A “Ceiling” note indicates an instantaneous exposure limit. If a California-OSHA PEL has not been established, a Federal OSHA PEL, Recommended Exposure Limit from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH REL) or Threshold Limit Value from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH TLV) is presented and noted. “NE” indicates a California-OSHA PEL, Federal-OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL, and ACGIH TLV has not been established. .

Table 7 – Organic Vapor Occupational Exposure Limits

Name Exposure Limit or Guideline 8-hour PEL

(ppm)

Ceiling and/or STEL (ppm)

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 350 ppm C-800 ppm, STEL-450 ppm 1-Butanol 50 C-50 ppm

4-Phenylcyclohexene NE NE Acetone 500 C-3,000, STEL-750, NIOSH

REL/TLV- 250 ppm, Benzene 1 STEL-5, REL-0.1, ST-1, TLV-

0.5, ST-2.5 Chloroform 2 REL- 2 ppm (60 min)


Name Exposure Limit or Guideline 8-hour PEL

(ppm)

Ceiling and/or STEL (ppm)

Cyclohexanone 25 NE Ethyl acetate 400 NE Ethyl alcohol 1,000 NE Ethylbenzene 5 STEL-30

n-Heptane 400 STEL-500, REL-85, ST-440 n-Hexane 50 NE

Isopropyl alcohol 400 STEL – 500, TLV-200, ST-400 Methyl ethyl ketone 200 STEL - 300

Methyl isobutyl ketone 50 ppm STEL-75, TLV-20 Methyl methacrylate 50 ppm STEL-100 ppm Methylene chloride 25 ppm STEL-125 ppm

Naphthalene 0.1 ppm NE n-Butyl acetate 150 STEL-200

Perchloroethylene 25 ppm C-300 ppm, STEL 100 ppm Styrene 50 ppm C-500 ppm, STEL-100 ppm

TLV-20, ST-40 Tetrahydrofuran 200 ppm STEL-250 ppm; TLV-50, ST-

100 Toluene 10 ppm C-500 ppm, STEL 150 ppm

Trichloroethylene 25 ppm C-300 ppm, STEL 100 ppm; TLV-10, ST-25

Xylenes 100 ppm C-300 ppm, STEL 150 ppm

Table 8 – Organic Vapor Air Sampling Results Summary

Sample Number Sample Location VOCs (ppm) PSFA-OV01 Office 212J None detected PSFA-OV02 Conference Room 212K None detected PSFA-OV03 Office 219 None detected PSFA-OV04 Office 212C None detected PSFA-OV06 Office 141G None detected PSFA-OV07 Office 127 None detected


PSFA-OV08 Office 166 None detected PSFA-OV09 Room 100 None detected PSFA-OV10 Office 361G None detected PSFA-OV11 Office 305 None detected PSFA-OV13 Room 375 None detected PSFA-OV14 Room 325 None detected PSFA-OV15 Office 469 None detected PSFA-OV16 Room 416 None detected PSFA-OV17 Room 431 None detected PSFA-OV18 Room 436B-B None detected PSFA-OV05 Blank None detected PSFA-OV12 Blank None detected PSFA-OV19 Blank None detected

3.3.7 Aldehydes – 10 Compounds Formaldehyde is a compound that can be found in household products and construction products. Scented air fresheners can contain formaldehyde and other compounds. Glues or adhesives used in pressed wood products, preservatives in paint, and coatings used in fabrics and draperies can all contain aldehydes. Levels of formaldehyde can increase soon after installation of these products, but tend to decline with time, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development “Healthy Housing Reference Manual” (2006). Aldehydes sampling was conducted using Assay Technologies 571 aldehyde monitor and analyzed using modified OSHA Method 1007, liquid chromatography. The samples were analyzed for the following 10 aldehydes:

Acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hexanal, m-tolualdehyde, propionaldehyde, valeraldehyde.

NIOSH recommends that careful consideration should be given to reducing exposure to nine low molecular-weight-aldehydes (including butyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and valeraldehyde since they are similar mutagenicity to acetaldehyde.

Table 9 – Aldehyde Air Sampling Results Summary

Sample Number Sample Location Aldehydes (ppm) PEL

5 (ppm)

PSFA-AH01 Office 212J None detected 5 NE indicates no occupational exposure limit is established. Unless otherwise indicated, listed limits are for 8-hour time-weighted averages and from California-OSHA.


Sample Number Sample Location Aldehydes (ppm) PEL

5 (ppm)

PSFA-AH02 Conference Room 212K

None detected Acetaldehyde– 25 ppm

Benzaldehyde – NE

Butyraldehyde – NE

Crotonaldehyde -2 ppm (Fed-OSHA)

Formaldehyde – 0.75 ppm (OSHA); 0.016

ppm (NIOSH)

Glutaraldehyde – 0.05 ppm, Ceiling

Hexanal – NE

m-Tolualdehyde –

NE

Propionaldehyde – NE

Valeraldehyde – 50

ppm

PSFA-AH03 Office 219 None detected PSFA-AH04 Office 212C None detected PSFA-AH06 Office 141G None detected PSFA-AH07 Office 127 None detected PSFA-AH08 Office 166 None detected PSFA-AH09 Room 100 None detected PSFA-AH10 Office 361G 0.019 - Formaldehyde PSFA-AH11 Office 305 None detected PSFA-AH13 Room 375 None detected PSFA-AH14 Room 325 None detected PSFA-AH15 Office 469 None detected PSFA-AH16 Room 416 None detected PSFA-AH17 Room 431 None detected PSFA-AH18 Room 436B-B None detected PSFA-AH05 Blank None detected PSFA-AH12 Blank None detected PSFA-AH19 Blank None detected

Follow-up sampling for formaldehyde was conducted on May 9, 2019 in all the rooms on the third floor in the vicinity of office 361G, where formaldehyde was detected in April.

Table 10 – Follow-Up Formaldehyde Air Sampling Results – May 9, 2019

Sample Number Sample Location Aldehydes (ppm) PEL (ppm)

PSFA-F01 Room 361 None detected (


Sample Number Sample Location Aldehydes (ppm) PEL (ppm)

PSFA-F10 Room 355 None detected (


Sample # Floor Location Total Spores/m3 Notes 28228384 2 Women’s RR 240 28228346 1 160 40 28228390 1 163 67

28228376 1 100 53 28228328 1 166


Sample # Floor Location Total Spores/m3 Notes 28228406 4 431 120 28228410 4 449 200 28228404 4 436B (A) 320 28228400 4 436B (B) 170 28228408 4 Outside, roof 1,000 Pollen - 120 28228311 N/A Outside, south 890 Pollen -110 28228326 N/A Outside, east 810 Pollen -400 28228378 N/A Outside, west 800 Pollen -110

April 25, 2019 Samples PSFA-M01 N/A Outside, south 1,100 Pollen - 67 PSFA-M02 N/A Office 141G 53 PSFA-M03 N/A Office 127 40 PSFA-M04 N/A Roof 530

Findings: The airborne mold spore results revealed inside total mold spore levels were low, with the indoor and outdoor mold types similar in content, indicating no indoor airborne mold amplification in all sampled locations, except for Room 473, which is an unoccupied utility closet on the fourth floor, where the majority of the mold spores identified was Stachybotrys. Further investigation was recommended and conducted in Room 473. Pollen and other Plant: Pollen levels were lower than outside for most of the samples, except for in Room 375, 407, and 416 where pollen level was similar or above outside levels.

Animal and Hyphal Fragments: The skin cell fragment category often comprises over 50% of the "volume" of identifiable particles in indoor air and are a good combined surrogate indicator of effective fresh air transfer rates, occupant density, commensal bacteria potential, general housekeeping, and filtration of recirculated air in the building. Epithelial cells results below 10,000 are considered low in an indoor environment. The indoor epithelial result was well below 10,000 particles/m3.

Non-Biological: Elevated levels may be an indication of inadequate housekeeping, ventilation, shedding architectural materials (like fiberglass), and/or higher than desirable personnel occupancy rates. None of the levels seems elevated and no fiberglass was identified. Follow-up mold sampling was conducted in and around the utility closet (Room 473) on May 15, 2019. Results are summarized as follows:


Table 12 – Follow-Up Bioaerosol Air Sampling Results Summary

Sample # Floor Location Total Spores/m3 Notes May 15, 2019 Samples

PSFA-0515-M01 N/A Outside, SE 1,800

PSFA-0515-M02 4 473 840

Less than and similar distribution as outdoors.

(utility closet) PSFA-

0515-M03 4 471 710

PSFA-0515-M04 N/A Outside, roof 2,400

Follow-Up Sampling Findings: The airborne mold spore results revealed inside total mold spore levels were low, with the indoor and outdoor mold types similar in content, indicating no indoor airborne mold amplification in all sampled locations.


4.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS The federal government and the State of California have defined Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) for chemical exposures in the workplace. These limits refer to “airborne contaminants to which nearly all workers may be exposed daily during a 40-hour workweek for a working lifetime without adverse effect. Because of some variation in individual susceptibility, an occasional worker may suffer discomfort, aggravation of a pre-existing condition, or occupational diseases upon exposures even below the values specified. The exposure limits established by this section reflect current medical opinion and industrial hygiene practice, doubts being resolved on the side of safety, and are intended to be used in accordance with good industrial hygiene practice by qualified persons.6” The standard further defines short term exposure limits (STEL) as a 15-minute time-weighted average exposure which is not to be exceeded at any time during a work day even if the 8-hour time-weighted average is below the PEL. A “ceiling limit” is the maximum instantaneous concentration to which an employee may be exposed. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have also developed exposure guidelines for workplaces. While these guidelines are not regulatory, every effort should be taken to ensure exposures are below these levels. The federal government and the State of California (EPA) have also developed ambient air quality standards, which are designed for protection of public health and the environment, including the health of “sensitive” populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly.7 Where applicable, PELs, NIOSH and ACGIH guidelines, and ambient air quality standards are provided in the discussion of air sampling and direct reading monitoring results. Air sampling, direct reading air monitoring, and visual observation indicated the following:

• All installed asbestos-containing materials were observed to be in good/intact condition. • The average temperatures of most areas were within the comfort range, however there were

periods where temperatures were colder and hotter than the typical comfort range. RECOMMENDATION: Review the HVAC balance for the building to determine if it is feasible to provide occupants with more control over their temperature. While measured temperatures do not indicate a health hazard, maintaining temperatures within the comfort zone can increase overall satisfaction and perception of indoor air quality.

• Humidity was maintained within the comfort range and below the maximum recommended level to minimize growth of allergenic and pathogenic organisms.

• Carbon monoxide was below the permissible exposure limit and ambient air quality standard at all times during the monitoring.

6 Quote from California Code of Regulations 8 CCR 5155. 7 California ambient air quality standards can be found in 17 CCR 70200, or at http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqs/aaqs2.pdf.


• Carbon dioxide was below the benchmark level of 1000 ppm at all times during the monitoring. RECOMMENDATION: Although CO2 levels were low throughout the monitoring period, the building was unoccupied at the time of the assessment. Since people are a source of indoor CO2, and since CO2 is an indicator of adequate fresh air intake, consider repeating monitoring for CO2 after the building has been re-occupied.

• Airborne particulates were below the permissible exposure limit and ambient air quality standards.

• The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurements remained below any applicable standards and guidelines for the duration of the monitoring period.

• Fiberglass, asphalt, coal tar pitch volatiles, Stoddard solvent, and organic vapors (25 compound scan) were not detected in any of the indoor air samples.

• The majority of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAH) were not detected. Those that were detected were at levels well below the OSHA permissible exposure limit and NIOSH recommended exposure level.

• The majority of aldehyde compounds were not detected. Formaldehyde was initially detected in one location at levels well below the OSHA permissible exposure limit but slightly in excess of the NIOSH recommended exposure level. RECOMMENDATION: Although formaldehyde levels were less than the PEL, it is recommended that fresh air intake and air changes per hour in and around Office 361G be increased to attempt to reduce formaldehyde levels to below the NIOSH recommended exposure level. This can be accomplished by increasing the HVAC fresh air intake, leaving the doors open after hours to allow greater air circulation, using portable fans, and ensuring the HVAC fans servicing the area are left “on”. Additional air sampling for formaldehyde in Office 361G and other third floor areas in the same HVAC zone was conducted. During follow-up sampling, formaldehyde was not detected in 12 of the 13 indoor sample locations and at a level well below the OSHA PEL and slightly in excess of the limit of detection and NIOSH REL in one location. Additional follow-up sampling is scheduled for June 2019.

• Bioaerosol sampling indicated the indoor airborne mold spore levels were very low and similar to type to outdoor air, indicating no indoor airborne mold amplification, in all locations except one unoccupied utility closet, which had mold spore counts that indicated a possible indoor source of airborne mold. SDSU personnel reported that this closet is not connected to the building’s HVAC system. Further investigation was conducted in Room 473 results did not indicate an indoor mold source.


5.0 LIMITATIONS The data and observations collected during this work have been gathered to provide the Client with information pertaining to the areas of the subject property identified in this report. Although Aurora believes that the findings and conclusions provided in this report are reasonable, the assessment is limited to the conditions observed and to the information available at the time of the work. Due to the nature of the work, there is a possibility that conditions may exist which could not be identified within the scope of the assessment or which were not apparent at the time of our site work. The assessment is also limited to information available from the client at the time it was conducted. It is also possible that the testing methods employed at the time of the report may later be superceded by other methods. Aurora does not accept responsibility for changes in the state of the art. This report is limited to the samples taken and locations sampled. Additional sampling may be needed to further identify other pollutants at the subject property. Microbial growth may occur if sources of moisture are not remediated. We hope that this information is helpful. Please feel free to contact us at (619) 276-5901 if you have any questions.

San Diego State University – PSFA Building Indoor Air Quality Report May 2019

6.0 APPENDICES

Appendix A – Sample Location Diagrams

Appendix B –Laboratory Reports of Analysis Appendix C – Direct Reading Logged Data

San Diego State University – PSFA Building Indoor Air Quality Report May 2019

APPENDIX A – SAMPLE LOCATION DIAGRAMS

San Diego State University – PSFA Building Appendix A Indoor Air Quality Report May 2019

Air sampling for all parameters conducted in Rooms 100, 127, 141G, and 166


Air sampling for all parameters conducted in Rooms 212C, 212J, 212K, and 219


Air sampling for all parameters conducted in Rooms 305, 325, 361G, and 375


Air sampling for all parameters conducted in rooms 416, 431, 436B-B, and 469

APPENDIX B – LABORATORY REPORTS OF ANALYSIS

Ms. Karen Shockley May 02, 2019Aurora Industrial Hygiene9666 Businesspark AvenueSuite 102San Diego, CA 92131

Account# 16887 Login# L478031

Dear Karen Shockley:

Enclosed are the analytical results for the samples received by our laboratory on April 30, 2019. All samples on the chain of custody were received in good condition unless otherwise noted.

Please contact client services at (888) 432-5227 if you would like any additional information regarding this report. Thank you for using SGS Galson.

Sincerely,

SGS Galson

[qcsig]

Lisa SwabLaboratory Director

Enclosure(s)

Page 1 of 57 Report Reference:1 Generated:02-MAY-19 11:18

ANALYTICAL REPORT

Terms and Conditions & General Disclaimers

• This document is issued by the Company under its General Conditions of Service accessible at http://www.sgs.com/en/Terms-and-Conditions.aspx. Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein.

• Any holder of this document is advised that information contained herein reflects the Company’s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client’s instructions, if any. The Company’s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.

Analytical Disclaimers

• Unless otherwise noted within the report, all quality control results associated with the samples were within established control limits or did not impact reported results.

• Note: The findings recorded within this report were drawn from analysis of the sample(s) provided to the laboratory by the Client (or a third party acting at the Client’s direction). The laboratory does not have control over the sampling process, including but not limited to the use of field equipment and collection media, as well as the sampling duration, collection volume or any other collection parameter used by the Client. The findings herein constitute no warranty of the sample's representativeness of any sampled environment, and strictly relate to the samples as they were presented to the laboratory. For recommended sampling collection parameters, please refer to the Sampling and Analysis Guide at www.sgsgalson.com.

• Unrounded results are carried through the calculations that yield the final result and the final result is rounded to the number of significant figures appropriate to the accuracy of the analytical method. Please note that results appearing in the columns preceding the final result column may have been rounded and therefore, if carried through the calculations, may not yield an identical final result to the one reported.

• The stated LOQs for each analyte represent the demonstrated LOQ concentrations prior to correction for desorption efficiency (if applicable).

• Unless otherwise noted within the report, results have not been blank corrected for any field blank or method blank data.

Accreditations SGS Galson holds a variety of accreditations and recognitions. Our quality management system conforms with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025. Where applicable, samples may also be analyzed in accordance with the requirements of ELAP, NELAC, or LELAP under one of the state accrediting bodies listed below. Current Scopes of Accreditation can be viewed at http://www.sgsgalson.com in the accreditations section of the "About" page. To determine if the analyte tested falls under our scope of accreditation, please visit our website or call Client Services at (888) 432-5227.

National/International Accreditation/Recognition Lab ID# Program/Sector

AIHA-LAP, LLC - IHLAP, ELLAP, EMLAP ISO/IEC 17025 and USEPA NLLAP Lab ID 100324 Industrial Hygiene, Environmental Lead, Environmental Microbiology

State Accreditation/Recognition Lab ID# Program/Sector

New York (NYSDOH) ELAP and NELAC (TNI) Lab ID: 11626 Air Analysis, Solid and Hazardous Waste

New Jersey (NJDEP) NELAC (TNI) Lab ID: NY024 Air Analysis

Louisiana (LDEQ) LELAP Lab ID: 04083 Air Analysis, Solid Chemical Materials

Texas Texas Dept. of Licensing and Regulation

Lab ID: 1042 Mold Analysis Laboratory license

Legend

< - Less than mg - Milligrams MDL - Method Detection Limit ppb - Parts per Billion > - Greater than ug - Micrograms NA - Not Applicable ppm - Parts per Million l - Liters m3 - Cubic Meters NS - Not Specified ppbv - ppb Volume LOQ - Limit of Quantitation ft2 - Square Feet

kg - Kilograms cm2 - Square Centimeters

ND - Not Detected in2 - Square Inches

ppmv - ppm Volume ng - Nanograms

Account : Login No. :

16887L478031

Page 2 of 57 Report Reference:1 Generated:02-MAY-19 11:18

http://www.sgs.com/en/Terms-and-Conditions.aspxhttp://www.sgs.com/en/Terms-and-Conditions.aspxhttp://www.sgsgalson.com/http://www.sgsgalson.com/

LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT

Client : Aurora Industrial Hygiene Account No.: 16887 6601 Kirkville Road Site : SDSU PSFA Building Login No. : L478031 East Syracuse, NY 13057 Project No. : IAQ Study (315) 432-5227 Date Sampled : 24-APR-19 - 26-APR-19 Date Analyzed : 30-APR-19 - 02-MAY-19 FAX: (315) 437-0571 Date Received : 27-APR-19 - 30-APR-19 Report ID : 1131856 www.sgsgalson.com

Client ID : PSFSA-PN01 Lab ID : L478031-58 Air Volume : 566 LDate Sampled : 04/24/19 Date Analyzed : 04/30/19

LOQ Filter Front Back Total Conc ppm Parameter ug ug ug ug ug mg/m3

1-Methylnaphthalene 0.3





Naphthalene 0.3



Client ID : PSFSA-PN05 Lab ID : L478031-62 Air Volume : NADate Sampled : 04/24/19 Date Analyzed : 04/30/19







Naphthalene 0.3


Client : Aurora Industrial Hygiene Account No.: 16887 6601 Kirkville Road Site : SDSU PSFA Building Login No. : L478031 East Syracuse, NY 13057 Project No. : IAQ Study (315) 432-5227 Date Sampled : 24-APR-19 - 26-APR-19 Date Analyzed : 29-APR-19 - 30-APR-19 FAX: (315) 437-0571 Date Received : 27-APR-19 - 30-APR-19 Report ID : 1131833 www.sgsgalson.com

Fiberglass Fiber Count (B Rules)Fibers/ Fibers/ Fibers/ Air Fibers/

Sample ID Lab ID Fields mm2 Filter Volume (cc) cc PSFSA-FG01 L478031-39 2/100


Client : Aurora Industrial Hygiene Account No.: 16887 6601 Kirkville Road Site : SDSU PSFA Building Login No. : L478031 East Syracuse, NY 13057 Project No. : IAQ Study (315) 432-5227 Date Sampled : 24-APR-19 - 26-APR-19 Date Analyzed : 29-APR-19 - 30-APR-19 FAX: (315) 437-0571 Date Received : 27-APR-19 - 30-APR-19 Report ID : 1131833 www.sgsgalson.com

Fiberglass Fiber Count (B Rules)Fibers/ Fibers/ Fibers/ Air Fibe

Date post:	11-Oct-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times

Indoor Air Quality Report - SDSU · 9666 Businesspark Ave, Suite 102 San Diego, CA 92131 (619)...

Documents