Industrial Engineering, I d t i dIndustries and
Industrialization ofIndustrialization of PakistanPakistan
Presentation Sequence
The term “Industry”What is Industrialization?Industrial SectorsImpact on GDPIndustrial/Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan Manufacturing Globalization & TOYOTAManufacturing Globalization & TOYOTAWhere do Industrial Engineers stand in the big pictureUniversity-Industry Interaction : How & Why?University Industry Interaction : How & Why?
Industry
(from Latin industries, "diligent, industrious"),
•It is the segment of economy concerned with production of goods.
•It is business engaged in production of goodsand delivery of servicesand delivery of services
Industrious
•Hard‐working and persistent.
Industrious
Why to use term Industry
• Primitive businesses were
Mercantile (trade)
Agriculture ( crops and pets )Agriculture ( crops and pets )
these professions (businesses) did not require so much hard work and persistence
Why to use term Industry
• Production of goods started with artisan and craftsmanship
• This business required lot of hard work and consistent engagement
• So, the artisan work (business) of making goods was called Industry, and, artisan was called industriouscalled industrious
Industrial Revolution
Industry began in its present form during the 1800s, aided by technological advancesaided by technological advances,
Industry became a key sector of economy in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution,
Industry upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through rapid advances in technology;
steel and coal productionpRailroadssteam‐powered ships
I d t i li tiIndustrialization
Process of adopting I d t b iIndustry business
at national level
I d t i li tiIndustrialization
led to the emergenceled to the emergenceof modern automated systems
Modern Industrial Systems
• Industrialization started by mechanization ofIndustrialization started by mechanization of assembly lines for mass production (low cost, highly efficient systems)
• With the advent of computer and robots,With the advent of computer and robots, automated industrial systems emerged. These systems are highly responsive, cost efficient and quality prone
Introduction IE
Industrial Sectors
primary sector isprimary sector is
agriculture produce
i imining
raw material extractionraw material extraction.
Introduction IE
Industrial Sectors
secondary sector is y
manufacaturingmanufacaturing
hi h i h i ll i llwhich is what is colloquially meant by the word "i d ""industry".
Introduction IE
Industrial Sectors
• tertiary sector is
Service operations
Introduction IE
Industrial Sectors
quaternary sector
consists of intellectual services.
Capitalization and Size Factors
light industryg y
heavy industryheavy industry
labor‐intensive industry
capital‐intensive industry
Light Industry
• cottage industry (micro‐enterprise)
b d hany job or occupation carried out at home or on a part‐time basis
• Small scale enterprisep
Any industry that does not require high capitalization or heavy machinerycapitalization or heavy machinery
Product/Process based Classification
chemical industrypetroleum industry petroleum industry,
meatpacking industry, food industry, fi h i d fish industry,
software industry, paper industry paper industry,
entertainment industry, semiconductor industry,
l l i dcultural industry
International Standard Industrial Classification UN Industrial CODES
Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing is a wealth producing sector in anManufacturing is a wealth producing sector in an economy.
Following the Industrial Revolution, perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from pmanufacturing industries—more than agriculture's share.
UN ISIC MANUFACTURING CODES