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Industrial Nanofiber Membrane Production for Seperation

Technology

Prof.Dr. Ali DEMİR, Yaşar Emre KIYAK, Tuncay GÜMÜŞ

Contents

NANOFIBER1

ELECTROSPINNING2

STRUCTURE OF NANOFIBER MEMBRANE3

NANOFIBER MEMBRANES FOR SEPERATION4

INDUSTRIAL NANOFIBER PRODUCTION5

NANOFIBER

NanofibersNanofibersHuman hairHuman hair

High surface area

High porosity

Flexibility, rigidity

• Nanotechnolgy deals with structures 100 nm or below involving materials and devices

• Fiber diameter less than 1 µm is defined as nanofiber

NANOFIBER PRODUCTION METHODS

• Melt fibrillation, self assembly → laboratory scale

• Islan-in-the-sea, meltblowing → commercial, mass production, limited polymers

• Electrospinning → simple, cheap, various material,

ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS

APPLICATIONS

• Yarns produced from electrospun nanofiber much weaker

than conventional microfiber

• Nano or micro porous structure of nanofiber webs make

them alternative materials for separation.

NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

K. Yoon, K. Kim, X. Wang, D. Fang, B.S. Hsiao, B. Chu, High flux ultrafiltration membranes based on electrospun nanofibrous PAN scaffolds and chitosan coating, Polymer 47 (2006) 2434–2441.

• Asymmetric electrospun PAN nanofibrous mid-layer support and a non-woven PET substrate was produced.

• With different chitosan concentrations, the thickness of the coating layer could be changed from 1 to 3 µm. It is noted that the thickness of the top coating layer is of crucial importance to the performance of the filter.

NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

A) %4, B)%6, C)%8, D)%12

• Increasing concentration of solution increases fiber diameter,

• Pore diameter increses with increasing fiber diameter,

• Porosity decreases with increasing fiber diameter,

• Surface porosity and volumetric porosity are similar for

nanofiber membranes,

• Surface porosity and volumetric porosity are similar for

conventional ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes,

• Nanofiber membrane can exhibit %73

porosity

• High porosity of nanofiber membrane causes

high fouling problem

• Chitosan coating would allow water to

penetrate without losing too much flow rate,

while the smooth coating surface would

minimize the blockage problem

NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

FESEM micrographs of electrospun PVDF membrane (a) before and (b) after heat treatment.

Membrane Properties

ENM Microfiltration Ultrafiltration

Pore size 10.6 nm-4.0 µ 0.05-10 µ 0.1 nm-0.1 µ

Trans membrane Pressure (bar)

0.6 0.1-1 1-5

R. Gopal, S. Kaur, Ma Zuwei, Casey Chan, S. Ramakrishna, T. Matsuura, Electrospun nanofibrous filtration membrane, J. Membr. Sci. 281 (1–2) (2006) 581–586.

• %15 PVdF/DMAc-Acetone 1:1• 10 cm2 nanofiber web • 145 oC 18 hour heat treatment

NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

Particlesize(µm)

Membrane area (cm2)

Feed flux (kg/h) Water flux end of exp. (kg/h)

Separationfactor(%)

10 3 133 133 96

5 3 200 200 91

1 3 467 - -

1 3 1300 530 98

R. Gopal, S. Kaur, Ma Zuwei, Casey Chan, S. Ramakrishna, T. Matsuura, Electrospun nanofibrous filtration membrane, J. Membr. Sci. 281 (1–2) (2006) 581–586.

NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

(a) PES nanofiber (b) commercial hemodialyzerK.H. Lee, D.J. Kim, B.G. Min, S.H. Lee, Polymeric nanofiber web-based artificial renal microfluidic chip, Biomedical Microdevices (published online on 30 January 2007)

NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

The clearance of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 according to the inserted membrane

K.H. Lee, D.J. Kim, B.G. Min, S.H. Lee, Polymeric nanofiber web-based artificial renal microfluidic chip, Biomedical Microdevices (published online on 30 January 2007)

PA6 NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

05

101520253035404550

0 1 2 3

po

re (

%)

Pore diameter (micron)

PORE DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION

SAMPLE 1

SAMPLE 2

SAMPLE 3

SAMPLE 4

05

1015202530354045

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Fib

ers

(%

)

Fiber diameter (nm)

FIBER DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION

SAMPLE 1

SAMPLE 2

SAMPLE 3

SAMPLE 4

PA6 NANOFIBER MEMBRANE

Nanofiber membrane was tested by dead-end filtration method,

PA6 nanofiber membrane exhibited over % 99 filtration efficiency for zeolite/water solution, the particle size distribution is given in graphic.

INDUSTRIAL NANOFIBER MEMBRANE PRODUCTION

• 8 needle block, 256 needles to increase production rate

• Steel conveyor to produce potential difference in electrospinning area

• Fabric let off and take-up for continious production

• Negative and pozitive high voltage power supplies to produce efficient electric field

INDUSTRIAL NANOFIBER MEMBRANE PRODUCTION

• Prototype unit of electrospun nanofiber web production machine was designed and constructed by these results and data obtained from the electrospinning experiments conducted with the small scale set ups. Prototype unit which has 2m*2m*4m size can effectively produce 1 meter width nanofiber membrane

• The prototype unit was designed and manufactured with controls of solution flow rate, fabric velocity, voltage and solvent exhaust. The remaining short falls in the design and construction of the pilot machine may be stated as the electrical insulation, voltage discharges and flow rate variations.

MİNİSTRY OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

This project was supoorted by

and collaborative research of

&

http:// www.sanayi.gov.trhttp:// www.itu.edu.trhttp://www.inovenso.com/

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