Industrial Revolution1700-1900

PRIOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Harsh life—social change rare

Cottage Industry

Most people lived in small towns and villages

3 field system

Enclosure

Textile Industry Domestic System Began in Great

Britain Population to

support industry Factors of

Production Land, labor,

capital

Flying Shuttle-John Kay

James Hargreaves-Spinning Ginny

Richard Arkwright-Water Frame

Eli Whitney-COTTON GINInterchangeable Parts - exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged.

Cotton Gin=1.5 million lbs to 85 million lbs in 20 years in US

JAMES WATTSscotland

IT ALLOWED FACTORIES TO RUN YEAR ROUND AND TO BE BUILT AWAY FROM WATERWAYS

MORE EFFICIENT VERSION OF THE STEAM ENGINE THAT PROPELLED THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO THE NEXT LEVEL

Fredrick TaylorDivision of Labor - workers performed a specialized task on a product moved on a conveyor belt.

BESSEMER & FULTON

Henry Bessemer-process of producing steel from iron

Called the Bessemer Process

Robert Fulton-designed the first practical steamboat (CLEARMONT)

His steamboat and the railroad industry open the worlds economy up

STEAM DRIVEN LOCOMOTIVESRICHARD TREVITHICK ON A BET

THE NEW SOCIETYRise of the Middle classURBANIZATION

Industrialization expanded the size, power, and the

wealth of the middle class.

Middle Class LifestylesMen focused energy and time on work.

Women on the house and raising of children.

Middle ClassBoys were sent to school.

Daughters were expected to learn to cook, sew, and the household duties.

Working ClassWhole families worked in the factories and mills.

Small children as young as 6 years old worked.

WomenWomen could now hold jobs.

Often in Textile mills.

“Mill Girls”

INDUSTRY IN THE USSamuel Slater: Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Industrial spinning Wheel

New IdeasCapitalist IdeasLaissez-faire - businesses operating without government interference.

Laissez-faireFreedom from government controls would mean a growing economy with material progress for all people.

Adam SmithThe Wealth of NationsAn economy works best when the natural forces of supply and demand operate.

No government control.

Adam SmithSmith’s ideas influenced economic thought and practice.

By the 1850’s, Great Britain had adopted Smith’s ideas.

Malthus & RicardoBoth opposed government aid to the poor.

Malthus referred to Economics as the Dismal Science

Malthus & Ricardo

They believed that the poor could help themselves by working hard, saving, and having fewer children.

SocialismThe belief that the means of production, capital, land, raw materials, and factories would be owned by society.

SocialismEvery citizen takes care of each other

The individual exists only as part of the group

This is the basis of Communism

SocialismWealth could be distributed equally among all citizens.

Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto

Karl MarxGerman PhilosopherProletariat (working class)—

Bourgeoisie (Upper Class)

History was a class struggle between the“Haves” and “Have Nots”

Karl MarxWorking class was the only true productive class.

The working class would seized control from the middle class.

Karl MarxThe working class would then build a society in which the people owned everything.

Formation of Communism

Workers UniteForming of Organized labor groups. AFL-CIO

To improve working conditions and wages. REFORM LAWS: FACTORY ACT OF

1833—CHILD LABOR LAWS (PAGE 304-305)

ROBBER BARONS

Andrew CarnegieJohn D. RockefellerJP MorganJay GouldCornelius Vanderbilt

Darwin’s Theories in Business

Survival of the FittestLower Class Exists to Serve

the Upper ClassDarwin’s Ideas of Evolution

and the Strong Surviving are used as guidelines for the Industrial Giants of the day.

It was these Industrial Darwinists that lead to the rise of the discontent in the Middle Classes of Europe and America

The Expendable nature of the Laborer makes the ideas of Karl Marx and the Communist incredibly appealing to the common workers

UNIONS ARE FORMED AND SEEN AS SOCIALIST DUE TO THERE STRIKE TACTICS

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS

THAT GREW AS A RESULT OF THE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

(Section 4 of chapter 10)

Henry FordDid not invent the automobile!!1880’s Germany-Mercedes Benz

Designed the use of the Assembly Line

Samuel MorseAssembled a working model of the telegraph.

Morse Code

Guillermo MarconiDevised the wireless telegraph in 1895.

This telegraph later modified into the radio

Alexander Graham Bell

Development of the telephone in 1876.

Thomas EdisonInvented the phonograph.

Invented incandescent light-bulbs.

Wright BrothersWilbur and Orville Wright - (1903)

First sustained motorized flight

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina