Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

• Definition: The shift of an economy from mostly agriculture to mostly industry

Economy Prior to Industrial Revo

• Cottage Industry= Small home based production by the individual or small group

Illustrated Notes

• “Cottage Industry”

Econ. after Ind. Revo

• Factory System = a large number of workers working under one roof who are responsible for one aspect of making a product

Illustrated Notes

• “Textile Industry”• “Factory System”

Key Terms

• Capital = Money that can be invested

Key Terms

• Entrepreneurs = People who look for new businesses to invest in to make a profit

Key Terms

• Mass Production = the making of a large number of goods, usually using an assembly line

Illustrated Notes

• “Mass Production”

Key Terms

• Spinning Jenny = Could make string at a high rate of speed, thus cloth could be made quicker

Key Terms

• Steam Engine = Invented by John Watt. It could run off steam produced by coal.– Impact: factories did

not have to be by a river

Why did this start in Britain?

• Illustrated notes• “Great Britain 1780’s”

Causes of the Ind. RevoNew vs. Old

• OLD WAY– Factories

• Used animals and water mills for power

– Iron • Impure and weak

– Coal • Hard to mine

– Transportation• Animals, slow sailing,

bad roads

• NEW WAY– Factories

• Used steam engines which increased production

– Iron• More pure and strong

– Coal• Easier to mine

– Transportation• Steam Engine = Railroads,

steam ships = fast• Asphalt roads = fast

Illustrated Notes

• “Transportation”

Social Impact of Industrial Revo

• Factories – Need to run at a constant rate 24/7• Lights allowed this

– Harsh rules to make people work FAST and EFFICIENTLY• On farms you worked fast and slow depending on

season

Social Impact

• Population grew, death rates fell– People ate better & no wars

• Cities grew– ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT-Laws passed in Brit that

allowed land owners to fence off “common land” forcing peasants to cities to find factory work

Social Impact

• Industrial Capitalism= economy based on industrial production

• New middle class who could afford products• Working class who worked 12-16 hrs/day, 6

days a week, no breaks in harsh conditions

Social Impact

• Children worked due to cheap and small

• Factories very dangerous with poor conditions

• Crowded dirty cities w/ poor living conditions

Capitalism vs. Socialism vs. Communism

• The “situation”– Individuals own all the means of production– This results in massive competition between

people for money and power• This is Capitalism

• The “Problem:”– Only a few people succeed, the rest work hard and

get nowhere

Solutions

• “Socialism” = the society and government own & control the means of production.– This creates cooperation vs. competition– People work together to get rich as a team• “Communism” = Like socialism but govt owns and

controls everything

“The Communist Manifesto”

• Writen by Marx and Engels– Blamed capitalism for

horrid working conditions

“The Communist Manifesto”

• IDEA:– History tells us that OPPRESSORS own means of

production, thus controls govt and society while OPPRESSED depend on owners and only can sell labor

Bourgeoisie

• Oppressors

Proletariat

• Oppressed

Struggle

• Struggle between the two will lead to revolution where the proletariat overthrows the Bourgeoisie

• They will create a dictatorship and get ride of classes and take over production

• Creating a classless society where everyone is equal