Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain

Agricultural Revolution Enclosures Crop Rotation Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill Livestock Breeding

All lead to a population growth

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain

Great Britain’s advantages Large Population Natural Resources

Water Power / Fuel Iron Ore Rivers Harbors

Expanding Economy Banking system / loans for investment

Political Stability

Britain’s Factors of ProductionFactor of Production

Definition Example from textile industry

Inventions / DiscoveriesThe Flying Shuttle

Inventions / DiscoveriesThe Spinning Jenny

Inventions / DiscoveriesWater Frame

Inventions / DiscoveriesSpinning Mule

Inventions / DiscoveriesPower Loom

Inventions / DiscoveriesRise of Factories

Inventions / DiscoveriesCotton Gin

Inventions / DiscoveriesSteam Engine

Inventions / DiscoveriesSteamboat

Inventions / DiscoveriesRoads / Turnpikes

Inventions / DiscoveriesRocket

Inventions / DiscoveriesRailroad Effects

1. Spurred further Industrial Growth

2. New Jobs created

3. Boosted agriculture and fishing industries

4. People able to take distant city jobs

5. People able to travel further distances

Inventions / DiscoveriesThomas Edison

Inventions / DiscoveriesAlexander Graham Bell

Inventions / DiscoveriesGuglielmo Marconi

Inventions / DiscoveriesHenry Ford

Inventions / DiscoveriesWright Brothers

Inventions / DiscoveriesLouis Pasteur

Inventions / DiscoveriesJoseph Lister

Inventions / DiscoveriesCharles Darwin

Inventions / DiscoveriesGregor Mendel

Inventions / DiscoveriesPierre an Marie Curie

Industrialization

By1800s people could earn higher wages in factories than on farms

1800’s balance shifted from rural (farms) areas to urban (cities)

1800-1850 large cities more than doubled

Period known as urbanization

Industrialization

Factories developed in Clusters

London was most important city

Industrial living conditions No development plans, sanitary codes

or building codes Lacked adequate housing, education,

and police protection Unpaved streets, no drains Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1

bedroom Sickness widespread (cholera) City life span 17 years Merchants/Factory owners lived in

suburbs

Industrial Working Conditions

Average work day 14 hours 6 days a week

Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries Coal Mines most dangerous Many Women/Children worked in Coal

Mines

Class Tensions New Middle Class formed

Upper Middle Class= government employees, doctors, lawyers, factory managers

Lower middle class=skilled workers

The Working Class Laborers Saw little improvement in their living and

working conditions Luddites

Positive Effects of Industrialization

New Jobs Added Wealth to Nation Technological Progress and invention Raised standard of living Hope of improvement Life of laborers eventually improved with

labor unions Long-Term Effects?

Industrialization Spreads

US follows England Begins with Textiles Railroads Use of Corporations (Rockefeller,

Carnegie)

Continental Europe Belgium leads the way By late 1800’s Germany becomes a

military and industrial giant Not all European nations industrialized

Impact of Industrialization Widened the wealth gap between

industrialized and nonindustrialized countries

Exploitation of overseas colonies Gave Europe tremendous economic

power Hardships of early urban workers Eventual rise of population, health and

wealth Development of a middle class

Philosophers of IndustrializationAdam Smith

Laissez-Faire Economics Law of Self-Interest Law of Supply and Demand Laid Foundation for Capitalism-

Factors of Production are privately owned and money is invested business ventures to make profit

Supported by works of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

Rise of Socialism

Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham , John Stuart Mill

Utopia- Robert Owen Socialism- Charles Fourier

Factors of Production owned by government

Government ownership would end poverty and promote equality

Marxism: Radical Socialism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write

The Communist Manifesto Society divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or

have-nots (proletariat) Predicted eventual overthrow of

bourgeoisie Classless society would develop

(Communism) Elimination of Private Property

Labor Unions and Reforms Union spoke for all workers and

engaged in collective bargaining If factory owners refused demands,

union members could strike, or refuse to work

Reform Laws Factory reform act of 1833 (child labor) Hours Act of 1847

Revolutions in the ArtsRomanticism

Reaction against Enlightenment and Classicism

Key ideas of Romanticism Emphasize inner feelings, emotions,

imagination Focused on mysterious Cherished folk traditions Promoted radical change and democracy

Revolutions in the ArtsRomanticism

Romantic Literature William Wordsworth Lord Byron Victor Hugo Marry Shelley “Frankenstein”

Music Ludwig Van Beethoven Robert Schuman Frederick Chopin

Revolutions in the ArtsRealism

Tried to show life as it really was Photography Literature

Emile zola Charles Dickens

Revolutions in the ArtsImpressionism

Reaction against realism Use of pure shimmering colors Famous Painters

Calude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir