INDUSTRY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY: THEFUTURE IS GREENFUTURE IS GREEN

Dr Christopher SmithDr Christopher SmithGreen Chemistry

23024062302406Office 905/2

christopher.s@chula.ac.th

M h 11th 2013March 11th , 2013

Discussion on the relationship of Green Chemistry withDiscussionontherelationshipofGreenChemistrywithIndustryandAcademia

ThePresidentialGreenChemistryChallengeAwards

DiscussiononCaseStudies(Winners)( )

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WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT A GREEN FOCUS ININDUSTRY?INDUSTRY?

Energy ConservationWaste

Reduction

Green Products

ConvenienceNew Materials / Substitutes

Feedstock Reaction DownstreamProcessing End-UsersProcessing

The Trends of a Changing World Profoundly Impact the Chemical Industry as a whole

Regulations,Environment, and HealthEmerging

Technology

Urbanization

Next Billion Customers & Rise of Asian

DemandTransportation

Global Warming

OIL PRICES:WHERE TO IN THE FUTURE?

Cheap oil provided the basis for chemical technology

Dependence on oil for products we take for grantedDependence on oil for products we take for granted

Oil is a finite resource

RAW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT: AN INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE

CrudeOil

RAW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT:AN INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE

NaturalGas

RenewableResourcesCoal

PARADIGMSHIFT?

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Source: Adapted from BASF

Howcanthe12PrinciplesofGreenChemistrybeli d t i d t ?appliedtoindustry?

US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(USEPA)

Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge AwardsPresidentialGreenChemistryChallengeAwardsProgramme

Established1996

Promotespollutionpreventionthroughpartnershipswiththechemicalcommunity

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http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/presgcc.html

Promotes pollution prevention through partnerships withPromotespollutionpreventionthroughpartnershipswiththechemicalcommunity

Whatdoesthismean? Recognitionofinnovationthroughgreenchemistry Cheaper,smarter,cleanerchemistrybasedonGreenChemistryd d lideasandprinciples

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Three Focus areas:ThreeFocusareas:

1. Useofgreenersyntheticpathways

2. Useofgreenerreactionconditions

3. Thedesignofgreenerchemicals

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The use of greener synthetic pathwaysTheuseofgreenersyntheticpathwaysImplementingnovelgreenpathwaystonewproductsorexistingproductsp Usegreenerfeedstocks(renewable) Usenovelreagentsorcatalysts(includingmicroorganismsandbiocatalysts)

Arenaturalprocesseseg fermentationorbiomimeticsynthesissynthesis

Areatomeconomical Areconvergentsyntheses

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GREEN FEEDSTOCKS: ALTERNATIVES TO PETROCHEMICALS

Corn Stover Bagasse1

1st generation

2nd generation(xxx) Global

Corn(822)

Grains(1 110)

Cassava(230)

Sugarcane(1 740)

Sugarbeet(230) (xxx) Global

production 2008 (million tons)

(822) (1,110)(230) (1,740) (230)

Ethanol/BiopolymersBiopolymers

Cellulose

Starch

Sugar/Sucrose

Ferment with

Yeast

Biodiesel/Chemicals

Algae JatrophaSoy(210)

Palm(46)2

Rapeseed(58)

1 By product from sugar production2 Palm oil volume in 2009

SOURCE: IEA; USDA FAS; SRI; press; Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA Office of Global Analysis; US Grain Council; World Agricultural Outlook Board; Statistics Canada

The use of greener reaction conditionsTheuseofgreenerreactionconditions

Improvingconditionsotherthanoverallsynthesisdesignp g y g Replacehazardoussolventswithbenignreactionmedia Usesolventlessreactionsorsolidstatereactions Usenovelprocessingmethods Eliminateenergyintensiveseparation/purificationsI ffi i i l d i ti l t Improveenergyefficiencyincluderunningreactionsclosertoambientconditions

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The design of greener chemicalsThedesignofgreenerchemicals

Designingchemicalproductsthatarelesshazardousthantheg g pproducts/technologiestheyreplace Lesstoxicitythancurrentproducts Inherentlysaferwithregardtoaccidentpotential Recyclableorbiodegradableafteruse Safer for the atmosphere eg do not cause ozone depletion or Saferfortheatmosphereeg donotcauseozonedepletionorsmog

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Biodegradablepolymers

PLA PHB

PBSPBS

Our CustomersCustomers

CO2 and Water

Plants PLA

Sugar(dextrose)

Manufacturing

Lactic acid

AWARDSAWARDS5 YEARLYSMALL BUSINESS ACADEMIC

INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

FOCUS AREA 1Synthetic pathways

FOCUS AREA 3Greener chemicalsFOCUS AREA 2

Reaction conditions

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SELECTION CRITERIA

Science and A li bilitH H l h dScience andInnovation

Applicability

Originality Significant impact

Human Health andEnvironmental Benefits

Must offer benefitsOriginalityScientific merit-peer reviewed?-scrutiny?

Significant impact-practical?-cost-effective?-remedy a real problem?

Must offer benefits-reduce toxicity?-address safety concern?reduce hazards?scrutiny?

-enough detail?remedy a real problem?

-technical innovations?-transferrable?

-reduce hazards?-improve natural resourcesuse?

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Case studiesWinners of the Green Chemistry PresidentialCasestudies WinnersoftheGreenChemistryPresidentialChallengeAwardsGroupDiscussion2002AwardNatureworks(PLA)2007AwardCargill(BiOHpolyols)2007AwardNovasterilis(SterilisationofTissueusingscCO2)2009 Award CEM (Protein Tagging)2009AwardCEM(ProteinTagging)2011AwardGenomatica(1,4ButanediolProduction)2012AwardBuckman(EnzymeuseinPaperProduction)

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2008 WinnerBattelle2008Winner BattelleDevelopmentandCommercializationofBiobasedTonerCommercialsynthetictoner difficulttoremovefrompaperfory p precyclingSoyoil/corncarbohydrateschemicalfeedstockforbiotonersInkscandegrade,makingrecyclinglesscostly25%marketshareby2010

Reduce CO2 emissions by 360000 tonnes/yr!

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Green Chemistry Metrics

Reduce waste Biomass utilisationReduce wasteReduce energy use

REDUCE COST

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NEW OPPORTUNITIES

2002WinnerPfizerf

RedesignofthesyntheticprocessforZoloft(depressiond )medication)

3stepsstreamlinedtoonestep(greaterselectivity)Raw material use cut 60% 45% 20% (methylamine tetraloneRawmaterialusecut60%,45%,20%(methylamine,tetralone,mandelicacid)Replacedsolventsmethylenechloride,THF,toluenewithethanoll d d lEliminates:220000poundsNaOH,330000poundsHClwaste,970000poundsTiO2 wasteperyear

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Green Chemistry Metrics

Reduce wasteReduce steps Replace toxics

REDUCE COSTWorker safetyImprove product

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Worker safetyImprove product

Improved processingImprovedprocessingLowercostsNew product lines accessibleNewproductlinesaccessibleNewtechnologyinvestmentopportunitiesWorker safety/welfare improvementsWorkersafety/welfareimprovementsPublicrelationsvalue(socialstanding)

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