INDUSTRY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY: THEFUTURE IS GREENFUTURE IS GREEN
Dr Christopher SmithDr Christopher SmithGreen Chemistry
23024062302406Office 905/2
M h 11th 2013March 11th , 2013
Discussion on the relationship of Green Chemistry withDiscussionontherelationshipofGreenChemistrywithIndustryandAcademia
ThePresidentialGreenChemistryChallengeAwards
DiscussiononCaseStudies(Winners)( )
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WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT A GREEN FOCUS ININDUSTRY?INDUSTRY?
Energy ConservationWaste
Reduction
Green Products
ConvenienceNew Materials / Substitutes
Feedstock Reaction DownstreamProcessing End-UsersProcessing
The Trends of a Changing World Profoundly Impact the Chemical Industry as a whole
Regulations,Environment, and HealthEmerging
Technology
Urbanization
Next Billion Customers & Rise of Asian
DemandTransportation
Global Warming
OIL PRICES:WHERE TO IN THE FUTURE?
Cheap oil provided the basis for chemical technology
Dependence on oil for products we take for grantedDependence on oil for products we take for granted
Oil is a finite resource
RAW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT: AN INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE
CrudeOil
RAW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT:AN INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE
NaturalGas
RenewableResourcesCoal
PARADIGMSHIFT?
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Source: Adapted from BASF
Howcanthe12PrinciplesofGreenChemistrybeli d t i d t ?appliedtoindustry?
US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(USEPA)
Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge AwardsPresidentialGreenChemistryChallengeAwardsProgramme
Established1996
Promotespollutionpreventionthroughpartnershipswiththechemicalcommunity
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http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/presgcc.html
Promotes pollution prevention through partnerships withPromotespollutionpreventionthroughpartnershipswiththechemicalcommunity
Whatdoesthismean? Recognitionofinnovationthroughgreenchemistry Cheaper,smarter,cleanerchemistrybasedonGreenChemistryd d lideasandprinciples
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Three Focus areas:ThreeFocusareas:
1. Useofgreenersyntheticpathways
2. Useofgreenerreactionconditions
3. Thedesignofgreenerchemicals
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The use of greener synthetic pathwaysTheuseofgreenersyntheticpathwaysImplementingnovelgreenpathwaystonewproductsorexistingproductsp Usegreenerfeedstocks(renewable) Usenovelreagentsorcatalysts(includingmicroorganismsandbiocatalysts)
Arenaturalprocesseseg fermentationorbiomimeticsynthesissynthesis
Areatomeconomical Areconvergentsyntheses
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GREEN FEEDSTOCKS: ALTERNATIVES TO PETROCHEMICALS
Corn Stover Bagasse1
1st generation
2nd generation(xxx) Global
Corn(822)
Grains(1 110)
Cassava(230)
Sugarcane(1 740)
Sugarbeet(230) (xxx) Global
production 2008 (million tons)
(822) (1,110)(230) (1,740) (230)
Ethanol/BiopolymersBiopolymers
Cellulose
Starch
Sugar/Sucrose
Ferment with
Yeast
Biodiesel/Chemicals
Algae JatrophaSoy(210)
Palm(46)2
Rapeseed(58)
1 By product from sugar production2 Palm oil volume in 2009
SOURCE: IEA; USDA FAS; SRI; press; Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA Office of Global Analysis; US Grain Council; World Agricultural Outlook Board; Statistics Canada
The use of greener reaction conditionsTheuseofgreenerreactionconditions
Improvingconditionsotherthanoverallsynthesisdesignp g y g Replacehazardoussolventswithbenignreactionmedia Usesolventlessreactionsorsolidstatereactions Usenovelprocessingmethods Eliminateenergyintensiveseparation/purificationsI ffi i i l d i ti l t Improveenergyefficiencyincluderunningreactionsclosertoambientconditions
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The design of greener chemicalsThedesignofgreenerchemicals
Designingchemicalproductsthatarelesshazardousthantheg g pproducts/technologiestheyreplace Lesstoxicitythancurrentproducts Inherentlysaferwithregardtoaccidentpotential Recyclableorbiodegradableafteruse Safer for the atmosphere eg do not cause ozone depletion or Saferfortheatmosphereeg donotcauseozonedepletionorsmog
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Biodegradablepolymers
PLA PHB
PBSPBS
Our CustomersCustomers
CO2 and Water
Plants PLA
Sugar(dextrose)
Manufacturing
Lactic acid
AWARDSAWARDS5 YEARLYSMALL BUSINESS ACADEMIC
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY
FOCUS AREA 1Synthetic pathways
FOCUS AREA 3Greener chemicalsFOCUS AREA 2
Reaction conditions
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SELECTION CRITERIA
Science and A li bilitH H l h dScience andInnovation
Applicability
Originality Significant impact
Human Health andEnvironmental Benefits
Must offer benefitsOriginalityScientific merit-peer reviewed?-scrutiny?
Significant impact-practical?-cost-effective?-remedy a real problem?
Must offer benefits-reduce toxicity?-address safety concern?reduce hazards?scrutiny?
-enough detail?remedy a real problem?
-technical innovations?-transferrable?
-reduce hazards?-improve natural resourcesuse?
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Case studiesWinners of the Green Chemistry PresidentialCasestudies WinnersoftheGreenChemistryPresidentialChallengeAwardsGroupDiscussion2002AwardNatureworks(PLA)2007AwardCargill(BiOHpolyols)2007AwardNovasterilis(SterilisationofTissueusingscCO2)2009 Award CEM (Protein Tagging)2009AwardCEM(ProteinTagging)2011AwardGenomatica(1,4ButanediolProduction)2012AwardBuckman(EnzymeuseinPaperProduction)
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2008 WinnerBattelle2008Winner BattelleDevelopmentandCommercializationofBiobasedTonerCommercialsynthetictoner difficulttoremovefrompaperfory p precyclingSoyoil/corncarbohydrateschemicalfeedstockforbiotonersInkscandegrade,makingrecyclinglesscostly25%marketshareby2010
Reduce CO2 emissions by 360000 tonnes/yr!
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Green Chemistry Metrics
Reduce waste Biomass utilisationReduce wasteReduce energy use
REDUCE COST
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NEW OPPORTUNITIES
2002WinnerPfizerf
RedesignofthesyntheticprocessforZoloft(depressiond )medication)
3stepsstreamlinedtoonestep(greaterselectivity)Raw material use cut 60% 45% 20% (methylamine tetraloneRawmaterialusecut60%,45%,20%(methylamine,tetralone,mandelicacid)Replacedsolventsmethylenechloride,THF,toluenewithethanoll d d lEliminates:220000poundsNaOH,330000poundsHClwaste,970000poundsTiO2 wasteperyear
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Green Chemistry Metrics
Reduce wasteReduce steps Replace toxics
REDUCE COSTWorker safetyImprove product
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Worker safetyImprove product
Improved processingImprovedprocessingLowercostsNew product lines accessibleNewproductlinesaccessibleNewtechnologyinvestmentopportunitiesWorker safety/welfare improvementsWorkersafety/welfareimprovementsPublicrelationsvalue(socialstanding)
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