Industry Specification for Wind Turbine Generator ...

Industry Specification for Wind Turbine Generator requirements and compliance -

Part 1: Light systems (January 2019)

Part 1: Light systems:2019 – 2 –

CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 5

0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5

0.1 General ................................................................................................................... 5

0.2 How to use this specification ................................................................................... 5

0.3 Using annex A ........................................................................................................ 6

0.4 Success criteria ...................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 8

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 10

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..................................................................................... 12

4.1 Symbols ................................................................................................................ 12

4.2 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 12

5 Environmental conditions ............................................................................................... 13

5.1 Vibration operational ............................................................................................. 13

5.1.1 Introduction to vibration operational testing ................................................... 13

5.1.2 Test sequence ............................................................................................... 13

Success criteria ............................................................................................. 14

5.2 Vibration transport /Production handling ............................................................... 15

Introduction to vibration transport /production handling .................................. 15

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 15

5.2.3 Success criteria ............................................................................................ 15

5.3 Temperature ......................................................................................................... 16

Introduction to temperature test ..................................................................... 16

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 16

Functional temperature test - high temperature powered without light on ............................................................................ 16

Functional temperature test - low temperature ............................ 17

Functional test - low temperature powered with light on and off ............................................................................................... 18

Functional test - high temperature powered with light on and off ........................................................................................ 19

Performance test temperature - unpowered ................................. 19

Success criteria .......................................................................... 20

Test sequence - summary ........................................................... 20


5.4 Humidity ............................................................................................................... 21

Introduction to humidity testing ...................................................................... 21

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 21


5.5 Installation altitude ................................................................................................ 22

Introduction to installation altitude ................................................................. 22

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 22


5.6 Ingress protection ................................................................................................. 24

Introduction to ingress protection ................................................................... 24

IEC ingress protection ................................................................. 24

UL ingress protection .................................................................. 24

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 26


Success Criteria ............................................................................................ 26

5.7 Solar radiation ...................................................................................................... 27

Introduction to Solar radiation testing ............................................................ 27

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 27


5.8 Fire ....................................................................................................................... 28

Introduction to fire ......................................................................................... 28

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 28


5.9 Environmental requirements (RoHS, REACH, WEEE etc.) .................................... 29

Introduction to environmental requirements ................................................... 29


RoHS directive .............................................................................................. 29

REACH .......................................................................................................... 29

REACH annex XIV ...................................................................... 29

REACH annex XVII ..................................................................... 30

WEEE directive.............................................................................................. 30

Batteries ........................................................................................................ 30

Banned substances ....................................................................................... 30

Rare earth elements ...................................................................................... 30

Waste minimization........................................................................................ 31

5.10 Chemical resistance .............................................................................................. 32

Introduction to chemical resistance ................................................................ 32

Light system housing and protection screen .................................................. 32


Oil resistance for cables ................................................................................ 32


Mechanical properties ................................................................. 33

Electrical properties .................................................................... 33

5.11 Illumination performance ....................................................................................... 34

Introduction to illumination performance ........................................................ 34


5.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ..................................................................... 35

Introduction to electromagnetic compatibility ................................................. 35


5.13 Electrical performance .......................................................................................... 36

Introduction to electrical test .......................................................................... 36

Electrical input test ..................................................................... 36

Inrush current: ............................................................................ 37

Power factor: .............................................................................. 38

Backup time for light fixture with incorporated backup: ................ 38

Backup time for central light system ............................................ 39

Backup illumination: .................................................................... 39

Over voltage: .............................................................................. 39

Under voltage: ............................................................................ 40

Total harmonic distortion ............................................................. 40

Impulse withstand voltage ........................................................... 40

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 40



5.14 Corrosion resistance ............................................................................................. 41

Introduction to corrosion resistance testing .................................................... 41

Test sequence ............................................................................................... 41


6 Annex A......................................................................................................................... 43

Figure 1 - Functional Temperature test - Unpowered ............................................................ 17

Figure 2 - Functional Temperature test - Powered ................................................................ 18

Figure 3 - Performance test temperature - Unpowered .......................................................... 20

Figure 4 - Illustration of Input ac voltage low and frequency high sequence .......................... 36

Figure 5 - Illustration of Input ac voltage high and frequency low sequence .......................... 37

Figure 6 - Duration time of the inrush current where the inrush current is greater than 50% of the peak inrush current ............................................................................................. 38

Table 0 – Use of table for environmental condition .................................................................. 6

Table 1 – Success criteria used in test .................................................................................... 6

Table 2 – Vibration Operational Test ..................................................................................... 14

Table 3 – Vibration Transport /Production test ...................................................................... 15

Table 5 – Temperature test ................................................................................................... 20

Table 6 – Success criteria ..................................................................................................... 20

Table 7 – Humidity test ......................................................................................................... 21

Table 8 – Installation altitude ................................................................................................ 23

Table 9 – IEC ingress protection ratings ............................................................................... 24

Table 10 – UL ingress protection ratings ............................................................................... 25

Table 11 – UL ingress protection test requirements .............................................................. 25

Table 12 – Ingress protection ................................................................................................ 26

Table 13 – Success criteria ................................................................................................... 26

Table 14 – Solar radiation ..................................................................................................... 27

Table 15 – Fire ..................................................................................................................... 28

Table 16 – Environmental requirements ................................................................................ 31

Table 17 – Chemical resistance ............................................................................................ 32

Table 18 – Chemical resistance ............................................................................................ 32

Table 19 – Illumination performance ..................................................................................... 34

Table 21 – Over voltage ........................................................................................................ 39

Table 22 – Under voltage ...................................................................................................... 40

Table 23 – Electrical performance ......................................................................................... 41

Table 24 – Corrosion resistance ........................................................................................... 42


Industry Specification for Wind Turbine Generator requirements and compliance - Part 1: Light systems FOREWORD

1) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

2) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

This Industry Specification has been prepared by Working Group for “Environmental conditions in Wind Turbine Generation - Part 1: Light systems”. The Working Group is a part of the Danish Industry Foundation project “New Standards in the Wind Industry - Sub project 1 Standards for Test and Documentation of Design”.

0 Introduction

0.1 General

Light systems in Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) deliver lighting solutions appropriate for the working conditions in a WTG. The systems shall fulfil the lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of people at work and be in compliance with the national requirements for working light and emergency escape light. Note that the supplier of the light system must consider all relevant requirements other than environmental, such as safety, health and general CE marking requirements. But that these requirements are outside the scope of this standard. Other standards than the present industry specification may apply to the light and the light systems e.g. IEC 60598.

By following this Industry Specification:

• A supplier can achieve approval of the lights or light systems from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

• A customer can be assured that lights and light systems delivered by the suppliers fulfils the minimum general requirements in the industry.

Agreeing on specifications on environmental conditions and how to test for these, could further reduce specification- and alignment efforts at the OEM and certification bodies. This could lead to the following benefits:

• Simplify the amount of specifications to the suppliers.

• Cost-reducing synergies for the suppliers if the customers ask for the same.

• Pre-defined classes designated by subject-matter experts will lead to higher quality of requirements, which could lead to improved solutions, avoid overdesign and reduce cost.

0.2 How to use this specification

The user of this document should be free to define any combination of the classes below, e.g. combine, low vibration level with normal temperatures and high humidi ty. For instance, an OEM designer can choose to divide the nacelle into zones of temperature, humidity, vibration, etc.

When a component is specified to a supplier, it is sufficient to fill out the tables for each environmental condition and state placement in e.g. Temperature (row: Operation High and column: High (Area)), Vibration (row: Vibration operation and column: Low (Area)). Each category will refer to test and documentation methods either in existing standards or test methods defined in agreement by the OEMs and certification bodies (industr y test standards). See example with placement highlighted in grey below in Table 0.


Table 0 – Use of table for environmental condition

Categories Low (Area) Medium (Area)

High (Area)

Extreme Environment (e.g. Offshore)

Functional temperature test - high temperature

+40°C +50°C +60°C +80°C

Functional Temperature test - low temperature

-10°C -20°C -30°C -40°C

Functional test - low temperature powered

-10°C -25°C -40°C -50°C

Functional test - high temperature powered

+30°C +50°C +70°C +80°C

0.3 Using annex A

Annex A of this Industry Specification is a table that summarises all testing values and can be used both as a requirement document for a specific light system, but also be used as a datasheet for a given light system, independent of the requirement for the light system.

0.4 Success criteria

All the test sequences included in this document contain a reference to one of the success criteria in Table 1. Each success criterion contains a description of operation mode and how the light system should perform during the test as well as the required state of the light system after the test in order to fulfil the pass/fail criteria.

Table 1 – Success criteria used in test

Success criteria

SC 01 SC 02 SC 03 SC 04

Power on during test X

Light turned on during test X

Power on and light turned on after test X

Malfunction during the test is allowed, if light is on less than 1 second after reset/restart automatically

X

The light shall turn on every time within 2 seconds, and the light shall reach the required minimum light emission within 10 minutes

X

No mechanically damage such as cracks or deformations are acceptable, but minor wear marks due to test exposure are OK if they have no functional effect.

X

No damages are visible after the test X

There shall be no risk of electrical shock X X X

Light system shall be fully operational. There shall be no reduction in performance

X X X

Light emission shall not be reduced with more than 10% X X

Light system shall comply with the required pass criteria for the test X X X X

Light system shall comply with the applicable section X X X X

Documentation that confirms compliance shall be available X X


Industry Specification on Environmental conditions in Wind Turbine

Generation tower, nacelle and hub - Part 1: Light systems

1 Scope

This Industry Specification covers:

• Light systems in WTGs, which generally are supplied from the WTG and are intended to provide working light inside the WTG, but also in some WTGs outside, typically on access area of the WTG.

• Light systems that provides emergency evacuation light, either separate or as an integral solution of the working light. Emergency evacuation light is typically lit for an extended time, based on the evacuation time requirement at the location of the Wind Turbine.

• All parts of a light system, such as, but not limited to: Light sources, cables, connectors, mounting brackets, control cabinets, backup solutions, accessories and related spare parts.

• Light system aspects related to Environmental requirements, such as: Vibration, Temperature, Humidity, Installation altitude, Ingress Protection, Corrosion resistance, Chemical resistance and Solar radiation.

• The situations where the light system is in operation, being transported or during assembly.

• Requirement for Fire and Smoke emission, Pollution, use of Prohibited substances.

• Performance requirement for Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Illumination performance for Working light and Emergency light and Electrical performance such as Inrush current, Power factor, Backup time, Voltage variations and Total harmonic distortion.

This Industry Specification does not cover:

• Aviation and navigation light intended to warn aircraft and vessels against the presence of Wind turbines.

• Identification light, intended to identify this individual turbine, e.g. with illuminated alphanumeric codes.

• Requirement and performance in illumination level in the Wind turbine .

• Hail, snow and lightning

• Toxic smoke, in case of fire in the light system

This Industry Specification does not provide specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques nor the use of innovative equipment. The illumin ation can be provided by daylight, artificial lighting or a combination of bo th. The overall design criteria for light systems in wind turbines is not included in the document. The design criteria are described in EN 50308 and the future replacement IEC 61400-30.

The environmental parameters used in the specification is to a wide extend selected from IEC 60721 series when applicable for a WTG, as required by the end product standard IEC 61400 -1, however classifications in IEC 60721 series are not used.


2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements. Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests

EN 50308, Wind turbines. Protective measures. Requirements for design, operation and maintenance

CISPR 15, Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment

IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 60598-1, Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests

IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold

IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat

IEC 60068-2-5, Environmental testing – Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering

IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2-6: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)

IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing – Part 2-30: Tests – Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)

IEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing - Part 2-31: Tests – Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for equipment-type specimens

IEC 60068-2-38, Environmental testing – Part 2-38: Tests – Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test

IEC 60068-2-41, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests

IEC 60068-2-52, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium chloride solution)

IEC 60068-2-55, Environmental testing – Part 2-55: Tests – Test Ee and guidance – Loose cargo testing including bounce

IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Tests – Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance

IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state

IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests

IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – General guidelines


IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment

IEC 60695-2-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure

IEC 60695-2-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)

IEC 60811-404, Electric and optical fibre cables - Test methods for non-metallic materials - Part 404: Miscellaneous tests - Mineral oil immersion tests for sheaths

IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 3-2: Limits — Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current 16 A per phase)

IEC 61000-5-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines – Section 2: Earthing and cabling

IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards – Immunity standard for industrial environments

IEC 61400-1, Wind energy generation systems – Part 1: Design requirements

IEC 61400-24, Wind energy generation systems – Part 24: Lightning protection

IEC 61400-30, Wind turbines – Part 30: Safety of Wind Turbine Generator Systems (WTGs) - General principles for design

IEC 61400-40, Wind energy generation systems - Part 40: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Requirements and test methods

ISO 175, Plastics -- Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid chemicals

ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic -- Determination of the effect of liquids

ISO 9223, Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosivity of atmospheres – Classification, determination and estimation

ISO 22088-3, Plastics -- Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) -- Part 3: Bent strip method

UL50, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Non-Environmental Considerations

UL50E, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Environmental Considerations


3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

3.1 Accelerometer An accelerometer is a device that measures acceleration (change of velocity [m/s2]), Accelerometers are available in 1 or 3 axis means, that they can measure in only 1 direction or in all 3 directions. They can be used for sense orientation, coordinate acceleration, vibration, shock, etc. Accelerometers are in general available as 1 or 3 axis (single or triaxial).

EXAMPLE: Earth gravity is 9.81 m/s2 (g) by letting an accelerometer having a free fall (falling toward the centre of the Earth) at a rate of 9.81 m/s2 will be measured.

3.2 Ambient temperature The temperature of the air medium into which the heat of the light system is dissipated. The ambient temperature is a reference temperature around the light system and protected from drafts and abnormal heat radiation.

Amplification factor For the resonance search: amplification factor Q is used for the ratio between the vibration which a device is exposed to and the vibration measured on a critical place on the device.

3.3 Electric breakdown Properties Electrical breakdown properties for a solid or liquid insulation material, is the occurrence where the insulation ability is failing, typically leading to a short circuit or an arc.

3.4 Electrodynamic Vibration Generator See “Servo-hydraulic Vibration Generator”

3.5 Dynamic deflection The deflection a part of the product experience when it is excited by the movement of the shaker. The deflection amplitude is depended on the excitation amplitude and frequency and can be measured with an accelerometer.

3.6 Industry Specification Document that prescribes technical requirements agreed by the industry to be fulfilled by a product, process or service Note 1 to entry: A technical specificat ion should indicate, whenever appropriate, the procedure(s) that determine whether the requirements given are fulfilled.

3.7 Internal Temperature The temperature measured inside a component.

3.8 Ionizing cosmic radiation The radiation coming from outer space.

http://www.iso.org/obp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_change

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_indicator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_fall

https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electropedia.org%2Fiev%2Fiev.nsf%2Fdisplay%3Fopenform%26ievref%3D901-05-05&data=02%7C01%7Cap%40windpower.org%7C0dd182494e594552b47d08d59e0b926a%7C2d39e7e455f547448dca2c7d32b1994a%7C0%7C0%7C636588694899090797&sdata=1EywYIQrSYEmnT%2Fj8QiJ9LOjmqkJgr6KjXD4erShKM0%3D&reserved=0


The term covers all radiation types e.g. gamma, x-ray, subatomic particles. This radiation has the potential to deteriorate materials e.g. plastics and electronic components. Cosmic radiation increases with height above sea level. The radiation level typical ly is measured in Bequerel [Bq] and the accumulated dose in Gray [Gy]

3.9 Operation mode Describes in each success criteria, how the light system shall operate during tests.

3.10 Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) Original Equipment Manufacturer the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, in this case the end-product producer for the WTG.

3.11 Pass/fail criteria Pass/Fail criteria, is the definition of a result, that either lies inside the acceptable result area: Pass, or outside the acceptable result area: Fail

3.12 Servo-hydraulic Vibration Generator Electrodynamic and servo-hydraulic vibration generators are the most widely used vibration generator types used in shaker-systems. The electrodynamic shaker works by using alternating current in a coil around a magnet (like a loudspeaker) whereas servo-hydraulic uses hydraulic pistons to generate the vibration. Electrodynamic shaker can often go higher in frequency compared to the servo-hydraulic that often can go lower that the electrodynamic.

3.13 Total Harmonic Distortion Describing the ratio of the equivalent root mean square (RMS) voltage of the harmonic frequencies.

3.14 VDA Material group The German Automotive Industry Association published a List of declarable material in automobile manufacturing – Substances in components and construction materials, also known as VDA List 232-101.

3.15 Vibration operational The vibration that the light system experiences during its operational life.


4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

4.1 Symbols

Q-values Amplification factor [-]

4.2 Abbreviations

CCT Correlated Colour Temperature

CRI Colour Rendering Index

EEE Electrical and Electronic Equipment

ECHA European Chemicals Agency

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

LCoE Levelized Cost of Energy

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride

REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals

RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances

VDA Verband der Automobilindustrie, German Automotive Industry Association

WEEE Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment

WTG Wind Turbine Generator


5 Environmental conditions

5.1 Vibration operational

Vibration results in dynamic deflections of and within materiel. These dynamic deflections and associated velocities and accelerations may cause or contribute to structural fatigue and mechanical wear of structures, assemblies, and parts. In addition, dynamic deflections may result in impacting of elements and/or disruption of function.

It is emphasized that all testing always demands a certain degree of engineering judgement, and both supplier and OEM should be fully aware and informed of this.

For electrical equipment in WTGs, the minimum vibration test to be carried out is specified according to the two standards in Table 2.

Random Vibration: This part deals with random vibration testing intended for general application to light system that may be subjected to vibrations of a stochastic nature (i.e. the vibrations in a WTG). This test can demonstrate the adequacy of light system to resist dynamic loads with unacceptable degradation of ifs functional and/or structural integrity when subjected to specified random vibration test requirements. Random vibration may be us ed to identify accumulated stress effect and the resulting mechanical weakness and degradation in the specified performance. This information may be used to assess the acceptability of the light system.

This test method is based on the use of an electrodynamic or servo-hydraulic vibration generator. If other vibrations systems are used this must be stated in the documentation.

Resonance search: The purpose of this test is to determine the resonance frequencies while maintaining the severity to a low level. In this test the light system is subjected to sinusoidal vibration over a given frequency range for a given period of time. A vibration response investigation may be specified which aims at determining the critical / resonance frequencies of the light system.

All electrical equipment have resonance frequencies and because electrical equipment placed in WTGs are exposed to a large range of vibration frequencies, it is important, that the resonance frequency and amplification factor (Q-values= measured / input) are known by the manufacturer of the light system.

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Externals cables and connections are include d and fastened to simulate conditions during use.

Place minimum two accelerometers where the light system is expected to have the largest dynamic reflection. It is recommended to use 3-axis accelerometers, but if that is not possible use single-axis accelerometer measuring in the direction of the applied vibration.

The vibration test specification in Table 2 covers electrical equipment in two weight classes: Up to 10 kg and from 10 kg to 150 kg. Light systems with a mass higher than 150 kg are not covered by this standard. And a product specific test plan should be derived for s uch light systems

For random test: Switch the light on the last 10 minutes of each test axes.

For the resonance search: If nothing else is specified the following test must be carried out; find the resonance frequencies with Q-values over 2 and note:


• Placement of accelerometer

• Resonance frequencies

• Q-values

Table 2 – Vibration Operational Test

Categories Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area)

IEC 60068-2-64

Random vibration operation up to 10 kg

Random

0,6 grms

10-20 Hz:

0,005 g²/Hz

20-500 Hz:

-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

Random

1,1 grms

10-20 Hz:

0,015 g²/Hz

20-500 Hz:

-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

Random

1,9 grms

10-20 Hz:

0,05 g²/Hz

20-500 Hz:

-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axe

IEC 60068-2-64

Random vibration operation 10 kg to 150 kg

Random

0,33 grms

5-20 Hz:

0,002 g²/Hz

20-150 Hz:

-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

Random

0,53 grms

5-20 Hz:

0,005 g²/Hz

20-150 Hz:

-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

Random

0,91 grms

5-20 Hz:

0,015 g²/Hz

20-150 Hz:

-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

IEC 60068-2-6

Resonance search

Up to 10 kg: 10 – 500 Hz: 1 g

10 kg to 150 kg: 5 – 150 Hz: 0,5 g 3 axes 1 octaves/min Min. two sweeps cycles (2 up and 2 down)

NOTE:

grms: grms is used to define the overall energy or acceleration level of random vibration. grms (root-mean-square) is calculated by taking the square root of the area under the Power Spectral Density curve.

Power Spectral Density is the frequency content of a random signal. It tells us how the power is distributed as a function of frequency.

Success criteria

Test success criteria: SC 02


5.2 Vibration transport /Production handling

Introduction to vibration transport /production handling

A worst case scenario for transportation of electrical equipment, to WTGs, is when it is transported as unpacked loose cargo in a vehicle. During assembly, repair and service, there is a risk of rough handling which means the electrical equipment can be dropped or pushed over.

Test sequence

Table 3 includes a bouncing and drop/toppling test of the component (unpacked).

The vibration transport and production specification in Table 3 covers electrical equipment up to 150 kg.

Table 3 – Vibration transport /Production test


IEC 60068-2-55

Transport and production

Up to 50 kg

50-150 kg no loose cargo bouncing test

Loose cargo bouncing:

Dwell time:

30 min


Dwell time:

40 min

Loose cargo bouncing.

Dwell time:

60 min

Peak displacement amplitude: 12,75 mm ±0,5 mm @ 4,75 Hz ±0,05 Hz.50 % on bottom facing down and remaining 50 % evenly along all other possible shipping orientations

IEC 60068-2-31

Free fall drop test

Up to 50 kg

Height of fall

100 mm

Height of fall

250 mm

Height of fall

500 mm

6 drops (it is acceptable to use new light system for each of the 6 drops) 1 on top 2 on edges 2 on corner 1 on bottom

IEC 60068-2-31

Dropping on to a face

50-150 kg

50 mm or max 5°

100 mm max 10° 200 mm max 15°

4 drops on to a face: (it is acceptable to use new light system for each of the 4 drops) 1 on each bottom edge (No toppel or push over test)

5.2.3 Success criteria



5.3 Temperature

Introduction to temperature test

Temperature tests are divided into two groups:

• Clause 5.3.2.1– 5.3.2.4 Functional tests to verify basic functionality, such as operation while in normal, high and low temperature operation.

• Clause 5.3.2.5 Performance test to verify performance, such as being exposed to varying temperatures, charge/discharge of backup media.

Table 4 – Functional test in clause 5.3.2.1– 5.3.2.4

Clause Test name Test objective

5.3.2.1 Functional temperature test - high temperature powered without light on

Verification on standby heating, primarily for light system incorporation backup

5.3.2.2 Functional temperature test - low temperature

Verification of ability for light to turn on at low temperature

5.3.2.3 Functional test - low temperature powered with light on and off

Verification of ability for light to turn on at minimum temperature and still not overheat any parts while simulating grid faults.

5.3.2.4 Functional test - high temperature powered with light on and off

Verification of ability for light to turn on at maximum temperature and still not overheat any parts while simulating grid faults.

General requirement for functional temperature test:

• Holes for inspection, measurements and supply leads shall be sealed.

• To ensure that no internal or external part are overheated, the resulting temperature on selected components shall be measured, e.g. with use of thermocouples.

• Parts of the light system that are accessible to the end-user during use, parts with power loss, structural parts affectable by heat, shall be measured. Similar parts can be represented by other using worst case parts.

• The temperatures shall be recorded until stable temperatures is obtained . Stable temperature is typically achieved when three successive readings taken with 15 min intervals are varying no more than 1°C and are not rising.

• For each measurement, the maximum limit for the components shall not be exceed. The maximum temperature at the maximum operation temperature for the component or part, is obtained from the datasheet and can be a generic value for a specific material.

• Temperature shall be measured with all parts operated simultaneously to cover for heating effects between parts.

• Parts where the internal temperature is not directly measurable, can be estimated or measured using any appropriate method.

• Part that are accessible to contact; casual or intended, shall comply with the requirement in Table 4C in IEC 60950-1.

Test sequence

Functional temperature test - high temperature powered without light on

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where more than one method can be used, it shall be installed or supported to allow recording of the maximum temperature that can be encountered during the intended use.


Electrical input shall be the combination or combinations from Clause 5.13, which per the manufacturers information or experience will result in the highest temperature for the components, materials or compounds. The light shall not be on during this test.

The background for the chosen combination(s) shall be stated in the test record.

A light system designed to be adjustable by the user shall be positioned or adjusted to cause maximum heating of the light system, mounting surface, or both.

The test shall be conducted either at the ambient temperature at the maximum operating temperature, or at any convenient ambient temperature between +10°C and +30°C, and then the result has to be adjusted with the difference between test temperature and maximum operation temperature. See Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Functional temperature test

Test success criteria: SC 01 and in addition the temperatures for components, materia ls or compound resulting from the normal temperature test shall not exceed the limits that are acceptable for that components, materials or compound.

Functional temperature test - low temperature

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where more than one installation method can be used, it shall be installed or supported to allow recording of the minimum temperature that can be encountered under the intended use.

Electrical input shall be the combination or combinations from Clause 5.13 that per the manufacturers will result in the lowest temperature for the components, materials or compounds.

The background for the chosen combination shall be stated in the test record.

A light system designed to be adjustable by the user shall be positioned or adjusted to cause the lowest heating of the light system, mounting surface, or both.

The test shall be conducted at the ambient temperature maintained at the minimum operating temperature.

Time

Temperature

Stabile temperature areaIncreasing temperature area

Ambient

Component 1

Component 2


The light system shall be powered off, when the test is initiated. When stable temperature is reached the light shall be switched on and be on until stable temperature is reached. Here after the light shall be switched off.

This test sequence shall be completed 25 times. See Figure 2.

Test success criteria: SC 02 and the light shall turn on every time within 2 seconds, and the light shall reach the required minimum light emission within 10 minutes

Functional test - low temperature powered with light on and off

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where more than one installation method can be used, it shall be installed or supported to allow recording of the minimum temperature that can be encountered under the intended use.

Electrical input shall be the combination or combinations from Clause 5.13 that per the manufacturers will result in the lowest temperature for the components, materials or compounds.


A light system designed to be adjustable by the user shall be positioned or adjusted to cause the lowest heating of the light system, mounting surface, or both.

The test shall be conducted at the ambient temperature maintained at the minimum temperature.

The light system shall be powered on, but the light shall be off, when the test is initiated.

When stable temperature is reached the light shall be switched on and be on until stable temperature is reached. Here after the power shall be switch off. For l ight system incorporating backup, the backup time shall expire and then the temperature shall again stabilize at the low operation temperature.


Figure 2 - Functional Temperature test - powered

Time

Temperature

Ambient

Component 1

Component 2

Light on

Light off

Repeated 25 times

Power on



Functional test - high temperature powered with light on and off

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where more than one installation method can be used, it shall be installed or supported to allow recording of the maximum temperature th at can be encountered under the intended uses.

Electrical input shall be the combination or combinations from Clause 5.13 that per the manufacturers will result in the highest temperature for the components, materials or compounds.


A light system designed to be adjustable by the user shall be positioned or adjusted to cause maximum heating of the light system, mounting surface, or both.

The test shall be conducted at the ambient temperature maintained at the maximum temperature.

When stable temperature is reached the light shall be switched on and be on until stable temperature is reached. Here after the power shall be switch off. For l ight system incorporating backup, the backup time shall expire and then the temperature shall ag ain stabilize at the low operation temperature.



Performance test temperature - unpowered

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where more than one installation method can be used, it shall be installed or supported to allow recording of the minimum temperature th at can be encountered under the intended use.

The test shall be in accordance with IEC 60068-2-1 for Ambient Temperature Unpowered Low, temperature as mentioned in Table 5 below for 2 hours, follow by test in accordance with IEC 60068-2-2 for Ambient Temperature Unpowered High, temperature as mentioned Table 5 for 2 hours.



Time

Temperature

Ambient

Component

2 hours

Repeated 25 times

2 hours

Figure 3 - Performance test temperature - unpowered

Success criteria


Test sequence - summary

In table 5 below is a summary of Clause 5.3.

Table 5 – Temperature test

Categories Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area) Extreme Environment (e.g. Offshore)

Functional temperature test - high temperature

+30°C +50°C +70°C +80°C

Functional Temperature test - low temperature

-10°C -20°C -40°C -50°C


-10°C -20°C -40°C -50°C


+30°C +50°C +70°C +80°C


+5°C/+40°C -20°C/+60°C -30°C/+80°C -40°C/+80°C

Success criteria

See Table 6.

Table 6 – Success criteria

Categories Success criteria

Functional temperature test - high temperature SC 01

Functional Temperature test - low temperature SC 02

Functional test - low temperature powered SC 02

Functional test - high temperature powered SC 02

Performance test temperature - unpowered SC 02


5.4 Humidity

Introduction to humidity testing

Humidity is one of the stressors which has a degradable effect on the light system.

Test sequence

During each of the following tests, a switch on-sequence must be performed. The sequence is described below:

• Damp heat, steady state: Light system is un-powered. Switch on for 2 min±1 min during the interval of the last 5-15 % of exposure to verify that light system can switch on and operate at high humidity conditions.

• Damp heat cyclic and composite temperature humidity cyclic: Light system is un-powered. Switch on for 2 min±1 min during the last rising temperature slope to verify that light system can turn on and operate at environments where condensation is present.

In

Table 7 the required tests and severities are listed for the di fferent categories:

Table 7 – Humidity test


IEC 60068-2-78

Damp heat, steady state

40°C

85% Relative humidity

2 days

40°C


4 days

40°C


10 days

IEC 60068-2-30

Damp heat cyclic

Use variant 1 or 2

40°C

2 cycles

50°C

6 cycles

-

IEC 60068-2-38

Composite temperature humidity cyclic

Use cold sub-cycles in 5 of 10 cycles

-

-

60°C

10 cycles

Success criteria

Success criteria: SC 02.


5.5 Installation altitude

Introduction to installation altitude

This test is intended to verify operation mode in turbines installed in mountainous regions.

The air pressure and the air density in altitudes above sea level are reduced. This affects the air’s electrical isolation effectiveness, i.e. the electric breakdown voltage and the air’s convective cooling capacity is reduced. Consequently, high altitude installation increases the risk of flash over in electric circuits and increases the risk of internally elevated temperatures.

The light system must be tested to verify that:

• No flash overs occur between current carrying parts.

• No parts of the light system are heated to a temperature above the part’s design limit, see Clause 5.3.1.

Part to be measured are:

• Parts that are accessible to the end-user, parts with power loss, structural parts affectable by heat, shall be measured. Similar parts can be represented by other using worst case parts.

• The temperatures shall be recorded until stable temperatures is obtained. Stable temperature is typically achieved when three successive readings taken with 15 min intervals are varying no more than 1°C and are not rising.

• For each measurement, the maximum limit for the components shall not be exceed. The maximum temperature at the maximum operation temperature for the component or part, is obtained from the datasheet and can be a generic value for a specific material.

• Temperature shall be measured with all parts operated simultaneously to cover for heating effects between parts.

• Parts where the internal temperature is not directly measurable, can be estimated or measured using any appropriate method.

• Part that are accessible to contact; casual or intended, shall comply with the requirement in Table 4C in IEC 60950-1.

The test shall be conducted based on levels and methods in IEC 60068-2-41, Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure. Deviations are specified in in this document.

Ionizing cosmic radiation shall not be considered.

Test sequence

Light system is placed in an altitude test chamber, at room temp and is powered on during the test as per IEC 60068-2-2, Test Be. Pressure is slowly decreased from ambient pressure to the test pressure.

Categories for altitudes and corresponding pressures:

Low: at sea level is not relevant to test

Medium: 1000 m is corresponding to 899 mBar

High: 2000 m is corresponding to 795 mBar

Extreme: 3600 m is corresponding to 650 mBar

Temperature is increased to the specified temperature. Temperature and pressure shall be logged during the test.

In Table 8 the required tests are listed for the different categories:


Table 8 – Installation altitude

Categories Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area) Extreme Environment Notes

High altitude testing,

Under voltage

None 899 mBar 795 mBar 650 mBar Test duration: 2 hours

Test temperature: +55 °C

Test voltage: Lowest voltage in 5.13.1.8


Over voltage

None 899 mBar 795 mBar 650 mBar Test duration: 2 hours

Test temperature: +55 °C

Test voltage: Highest voltage in 5.13.1.7

Success criteria

Success criteria SC 01. Furthermore, the light system shall be monitored during the test to verify that no visual flash overs occur.


5.6 Ingress protection

Introduction to ingress protection

Ingress protection, classifies and rates the degree of protection provided against intrusion (body parts such as hands and fingers), dust, accidental contact, and water by mechanical casings and enclosures.

A short introduction to two ingress protection rating systems, that are widely used and recognized, are given in clause 5.6.1.1 and 5.6.1.2.

IEC ingress protection

When referring to the IEC ingress protection rating system, a test shall be conducted in accordance with IEC 60529 and with additional requirement from IEC 60598-1. See details in Table 9.

Table 9 – IEC ingress protection ratings

Ingress protection rating

Performance requirements

IPxxB In accordance with IEC 60529

IP54 In accordance with IEC 60529 and in addition the test section 9.2.1 from IEC 60598 -1, which requires the test to be performed when thermal stabilized, powered and just after the light is switched off

IP65 In accordance with IEC 60529 and in addition the test section 9.2.1 from IEC 60598 -1, which requires the test to be performed when thermal stabilized, powered and just after light is switched off

IP66 In accordance with IEC 60529 and in addition the test section 9.2.1 from IEC 60598 -1, which requires the test to be performed when thermal stabilized, powered and just after light is switched off

The first two mandatory digits indicate conformity with the conditions, the third letter is optional. Where there is no data available to specify a protection rating with regard to one of the criteria, the digit is replaced with the letter X. The digit 0 is used where no protection is provided.

The first digit indicates the degree to which the product is protected against foreign bodies such as tools, dust and hands.

The second digit indicates the degree to which the product is protected against moisture such as natural weather conditions, cleaning solutions and submersion in water.

The additional letter B indicates: If a standard test finger 80 mm long and 12 mm in diameter can enter the enclosure there will be adequate clearance from live parts.

The additional letter D indicates: If a probe 100 mm long and 1 mm in diameter can enter the enclosure there will be adequate clearance from live parts.

Test success criteria: SC 01 and in addition to pass/fail criteria in IEC 60529.

UL ingress protection

UL ingress protection have two major groups, indoor and outdoor enclosures. See Table 10.


Table 10 – UL ingress protection ratings

Ingress protection rating Performance requirements

Indoor use

Type 1 To prevent accidental contact with enclosure equipment, in areas where unusual conditions do not exist. Protects against falling dirt.

Type 5 To provide protection against falling dirt and settling airborne dust, lint, fibres, and flyings and dripping and light splashing.

Type 12 To provide protection against dust, falling dirt, dripping non-corrosive liquids, lint, fibres, external condensation of noncorrosive liquids, and light splashing of water

Type 13 To provide a degree of protection against dust, spraying of water, oil, and noncorrosive coolant

Outdoor use

Type 3S To provide a degree of protection against windblown dust, windblown rain and sleet; external mechanisms remain operable, while ice laden. Corrosion resistant if X is added.

Indoor and outdoor use

Type 3 To provide protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, windblown dust, and external formation of ice.

Type 3R To provide protection against windblown rain, snow, sleet, and external formation of ice. Corrosion resistant if X is added.

Type 4 To provide protection against windblown rain and dust, splashing or hose directed water, and external formation of ice. Corrosion resistant if X is added.

Type 6P To provide protection against falling dirt, hose directed water, entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth, and external formation of ice

Ingress protection test shall be conducted in accordance with UL50 or UL50E. See Table 11.

Table 11 – UL ingress protection test requirements

Ingress protection rating

Test requirements

Type 1

In accordance with UL50 or UL50E

Type 3 Type 3R Type 3RX Type 3S Type 3SX Type 4 Type 4X Type 5 Type 6P Type 12 Type 13

In accordance with UL50 or UL50E, which requires thermal stabilized, powered and illuminated.

Test success criteria: SC 01 and in addition pass/fail criteria in UL50 and UL50E.


Test sequence

In Table 12 – Ingress protection, the tests are listed for the different categories:

Table 12 – Ingress protection


Ingress protection (covers dust, humidity, rain and snow)

IPxxB IP54 IP65 IP66

UL Type rating Type 1 in accordance with UL50 and UL50E

Type 5, Type 12 or Type 13 in accordance with UL50 and UL50E

Type 3, Type 3R, Type 3RX, Type 3S or Type 3SX in accordance with UL50 and UL50E

Type 4, Type 4X or Type 6P in accordance with UL50 and UL50E

Success Criteria

See Table 13.

Table 13 – Success criteria

Categories Success criteria

Ingress protection (covers dust, humidity, rain and snow) SC 01 and in addition to pass/fail criteria in IEC 60529

UL Type rating SC 01 and in addition pass/fail criteria in UL50 and UL50E


5.7 Solar radiation

Introduction to Solar radiation testing

The solar radiation test is to investigate to what extent the light system is affected by solar radiation. This test is only relevant for equipment located in the direct sunlight under normal operation conditions.

The test must be carried out according to:

• IEC 60068-2-5 – Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance Procedure C, 40°C.

The effect of solar radiation combined with temperature etc. results in ageing of materials.

The reaction speed depends on both solar radiation intensity and temperature. Further the reaction speed is assumed to double for every 10°C rise in temperature.

Test sequence

The level of test irradiation level must be 1090 W/m2, test duration specified in Table 14.

Table 14 – Solar radiation

Categories Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area) Extreme (Area)

Solar radiation Test duration: 21 days

Test duration: 52,5 days

Test duration: 84 days

Test duration: 105 days

Low is corresponding to 10 years in Denmark ≈ 5 years at equator

Medium is corresponding to 25 years in Denmark ≈ 12,5 years at equator

High is corresponding to 40 years in Denmark ≈ 20 years at equator

Extreme is corresponding to 50 years in Denmark ≈ 25 years at equator

Success criteria

According to SC 02.


5.8 Fire

Introduction to fire

This section describes the requirement for a light system, in the event of an overheating that might lead to fire.

The purpose of this test is to verify that the light system does not easily catch fire and that the smoke from an overheated light system does not cause harm to humans nor to turbine components.

Test sequence

The flammability must be tested. Glow wire tests must be performed accordingly to glow wire test method in IEC 60695-2-11 using the glow wire temperature and maximum burning time described in Table 15. Test apparatus must be designed accordingly to IEC 60695-2-10.

Test success criteria: As per 60695-2-11 section 10 with a Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products temperature as indicated in Table 155.

It is recommended to use IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 as guideline for correct design of the light system.

Table 15 – Fire


Resistance to flame and ignition

In compliance with IEC 60598-13.3

In compliance with 60695-2-10b

In compliance with 60695-2-10a

Self-extinguishing after maximum 5 seconds

Glow wire test 850°C

Success criteria

According to SC 03.


5.9 Environmental requirements (RoHS, REACH, WEEE etc.)

Introduction to environmental requirements

In this clause the product requirement and informational requirement for environmental restrictions are listed. The aim of this clause is to enhance the Eco friendliness for wind turbines. See requirements in Table 16.

Success criteria

According to SC 04 for all Clauses in section 5.9.

RoHS directive

The light system shall comply with the European RoHS directive.

RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances. RoHS originated in the European Union and restricts the use of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and electronic products.

The restricted materials are hazardous to the environment and pollute landfills and are dangerous in terms of occupational exposure during manufacturing and recycl ing.

RoHS specifies maximum levels of a number of substances in electrical and electronic products. Depending on the substance the level can vary between 0.01 and 0.1 weight percent.

Presently the directive includes some heavy elements (e.g. lead), some polybrominated phenyls and some phthalates, but the list is regularly updated with new substances.

REACH

Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is a European Union regulation that has as its goal the protection of human health and the environment from the risks associated with the use of substances.

REACH establishes procedures for collecting and assessing information on the properties and hazards of substances.

Authorities can prohibit hazardous substances if their risks are unmanageable. They can also decide to restrict a use or make it subject to a prior authorisation.

To manage this regulation, the EU has established the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

REACH includes a number of annexes. In the present context, the important ones are annex XIV and annex XVII. The annexes operate with a number of lists which each one contains substances that either prohibited from use or are regulated to use only under certain conditions.

Substances which contributes with 0.1 % or more to the weight of the product are cove red by REACH annexes.

REACH annex XIV

The REACH Annex XIV contains a ‘Candidate List’ and an ‘Authorization List’. The ‘Candidate List’ is updated every 6 months with new substances. Substances on the ’Candidate List’ may be transferred to the Annex XIV ‘Authorization List. The use of substances on the

http://echa.europa.eu/


Authorization List require ECHA authorization in the particular product or application, hence there is risk that the substance is not permitted to use in the l ight system.

Furthermore, ECHA must be notified if a turbine manufacturer imports more than 1 ton/year of a Candidate List substance.

Consequently, in general the turbine manufacturer should exclude the use of light systems that contain substances that are listed in REACH annex XIV.

See requirement in Table 16.

REACH annex XVII

REACH annex XVII contains a ‘Restriction List’.

The restricted substances (on their own, in a mixture or in an article) are substances for w hich manufacture, placing on the market or use is limited or prohibited in the European Union.

The list has been prepared by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) to facilitate the searching of restricted substances in the Annex XVII of the REACH Regulation , and the table provides information related to the specific restriction entry.


WEEE directive

WEEE is the European waste directive. It addresses concerns over the same substances as RoHS.

The Directive aims to prevent or reduce the negative environmental effects resulting from the generation and management of WEEE and from resource use.


Batteries

In essence, the Batteries Directive restricts the placing on the market of certain batteries and accumulators containing Mercury or Cadmium and is a means of preventing all batteries from being discarded in such a way as to damage the environment.


Banned substances

See requirement in Table 16

Rare earth elements

Rare earth elements are elements in the periodic table defined by the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare-earth elements because they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore


Waste minimization

The light system shall be designed to use a minimum of materials/resources when producing the product.

Table 16 – Environmental requirements


RoHS The light system shall comply with the European RoHS directive 2011/65/EU with amendment

Same as low Same as low

REACH annex XIV

No use of substances in REACH Annex XIV ‘Authorisation list’.

and

Inform turbine manufacturer if and how much is used of a substance on REACH Annex XIV ‘Candidate List’

No use of substances in REACH Annex XIV ‘Authorisation List’.

and

No use of substances listed in ECHA’s ‘Candidate List’ in REACH Annex XIV.

A substitution process for new candidates implemented in REACH Annex XIV ‘Candidate List’

Same as medium

REACH annex XVII

No use of substances in REACH Annex XVII ‘Restriction List’.

Same as low Same as low

WEEE directive

No compliance required WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU

Light system manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer

• the weight of the lamp

• which WEEE category it belongs to.

• Ensure producer registration and reporting in the country of delivery.

WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU


• Percentage of total weight for different VDA material groups.

Batteries Compliance with the battery directive 2006/66/EC with amendments

Same as ‘Low’ Same as ‘Low’

and


• which battery type

• number of batteries

- weight of battery

Banned substances

None The use of materials that are carcinogenic, inhibit reproduction, allergenic or nerve damaging are prohibited.

Same as medium

Rare earth element

None Light system manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer of the total weight of rare earth elements

Light system manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer of the total weight of the different rare earth elements

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012L0019



5.10 Chemical resistance

Introduction to chemical resistance

Oil and greases are typical chemicals used in a wind turbine. The light system may be exposed to oils and grease because of spills or unintended contact and therefor e needs to be robust towards oils and grease. If electrical cables are mounted on the light system, they shall also fulfil the requirements regarding chemicals for cables.

Light system housing and protection screen

If the light system housing and/or the light transmitting protection screen is made of polymer materials, the light system may be sensitive towards the chemicals, greases and oils used in a wind turbine. Also, gaskets can be affected. All external parts made of polymer, which can be exposed to chemicals, shall be evaluated in accordance with the specifications given in Table 17. For all categories it can be beneficial to support the evaluation with chemical resistance data from the polymer raw material supplier.

Table 17 – Chemical resistance

Category Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area)

Resistance to chemicals No requirements ISO 22088-3 Short-time test. Only visual inspection and evaluation in accordance with ISO 22088-3 table 1 (A1, A2, A3). Chemicals: Standard oil type IRM 902 or one or more customer specific oils.

Test according to ISO 22088-3. Long-term test 1 week Inspection and evaluation in accordance with ISO 22088-3 table 1 (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2). Chemicals: one or more customer specific oils.

Success criteria

Success criteria according to SC 04.

Oil resistance for cables

All external cables, that can be exposed to oils, shall be tested in accordance with the test given in IEC 60811-404 section 4.6, with the duration and temperature from Table 18.

Table 18 – Chemical resistance

Category Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area)

Resistance to oil No requirements 24 hours at 70°C using standard oil type IRM 902

24 hours at 90°C using one or more customer specific oils.

Success criteria



Mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of sheathing material shall have the following properties after the oil immersion: Minimum tensile strength retention; 60% of value before immersion.

Minimum elongation retention; 60% of value before immersion.

Electrical properties

The electrical breakdown properties shall still be in compliance with the values mentioned in the cable datasheet.


5.11 Illumination performance

Introduction to illumination performance

The aim of this clause is to ensure fit-for-purpose light quality and efficacy in WTGs. Light is perceived with significant variance by different individuals and for this reason the requirements for illumination performance should primarily be considered with focus on personnel safety and LCoE.

Estimated burning time can be tested or calculated at nominal conditions at the r equired ambient temperature. Estimated burning time is fulfilled with the result show that 95 % (L95) of the light is still operational and compliant with the requirement after the duration of the burning time. See Table 19.

Table 19 – Illumination performance


Notes

Stroboscope effect

None Light System manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer of the frequencies where stroboscopic effect can occur

No stroboscopic effect between 5 rpm and 4000 rpm


Test method to be agreed between OEM and supplier.

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)

2,000-10,000 K 3,000-8,500 K 4,000-7,000 K

Colour Rendering Index (CRI)

Ra>50 Ra>70 Ra>80 Ra>90 Both normal and emergency mode

Luminous Flux for the complete light unit

50 lm/W 75 lm/W 100 lm/W EN 50308 will be replaced by IEC 61400-30

Estimated burning hours

5,000

L95 at ambient 40oC

10,000

L95 at ambient 40oC

15,000

L95 at ambient 40oC

Success criteria



5.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

Introduction to electromagnetic compatibility

The light system shall operate as intended in the environment where it is placed.

The light system shall not make electromagnetic disturbance higher than the level given in the emission product standard for lights and light systems IEC/CISPR 15.

The light system shall be able to withstand the level of immunity to electromagnetic disturbance given in the generic standard IEC 61000-6-2 and IEC 61400-24.

Note: Workmanship regarding EMC could to be secured with the means stated in IEC/TR 61000-5-2.

Success criteria



5.13 Electrical performance

Introduction to electrical test

The purpose of the electrical test is to verify the electrical performance of the light system, when exposed to normal variance in the electrical input power, such as voltage and frequency at the low or high end of the light system specification. The purpose is also to obtain light system data values needed for the electrical integration of the light system in the end used product.

Electrical input test

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where more than one method can be used, it shall be installed or supported to allow the worst case that can be encounter ed under the intended use.

The test sequence shall be conducted as follows; 4 hours on, followed by minimum 2 hours off, and repeated 50 times for each combination applicable for the light system:

• Input ac voltage low and frequency high, see Figure 4

• Input ac voltage high and frequency low, see Figure 5

• Input dc voltage low

• Input dc voltage high

Time

Voltage / frequency

Voltage

Frequency

2 hours

Repeated 50 times

4 hours

Nominel

High

Low

Figure 4 - Illustration of Input ac voltage low and frequency high sequence


Time

Voltage / frequency

Voltage

Frequency

2 hours

Repeated 50 times

4 hours

Nominel

High

Low

Figure 5 - Illustration of Input ac voltage high and frequency low sequence

Note: The time combination is considered representative for normal use, 8 hours on, and normally 16 hours off, here compressed to lower testing time to 4 hours, which is considered enough to ensure stable temperature and 2 hours cool down time, between on periods.


Inrush current:

The light system shall be installed or supported to simulate intended usage, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

The inrush current shall be recorded as maximum measured current, when powered on in the following combination:

• Unpowered to powered and light on

• Unpowered with backup discharged to powered and light on

• Powered to light on

The test sequences shall be repeated for these combinations, if applicable:

• Input ac voltage low and frequency high, temperature high and low

• Input ac voltage high and frequency low, temperature high and low

• Input dc voltage low, temperature high and low

• Input dc voltage high, temperature high and low

The inrush current test sequence shall be with on and off switching , where the interval shall be equally distributed between 1 sec and 10 minutes

The inrush current shall be the light systems inrush current and not the single component, but the characteristic of the product that the OEM will implement.

The current shall be measured with a tool that can record minimum at 4 kHz, that data output shall record both the peak value and the times as illustrated in Figure 6:

• From energization to peak current

• From energization to peak value is reduced to 150 % of nominal current

• From energization to peak value is reduced to 110 % of nominal current


Figure 6 - Duration time of the inrush current where the inrush current is greater than 50% of the peak inrush current

Peak current is considered to be any value greater than the nominal current

Test success criteria: SC 04.

Power factor:

The power factor of the light system shall be recorded as the worst case of:

• Input ac voltage low and frequency high, temperature high and low

• Input ac voltage high and frequency low, temperature high and low

• Input dc voltage low, temperature high and low

• Input dc voltage high, temperature high and low

The value shall be recorded when the light system is on in a stable condition.

Test success criteria: SC 04.

Backup time for light fixture with incorporated backup:

Light system incorporating backup shall be tested to record the typi cal backup time.

Test shall be performed with backup media in a condition that simulates 3 years of operation or the time measured shall be recalculated to backup time after 3 years operation.

The test shall be performed with nominal electrical input before the test is initiated and both at the lowest and highest operation temperature from clause 5.3.2.3 and 5.3.2.4.

The time shall be measured from the input power is disconnected to the illumination reach the minimum level of 20 % for nominal datasheet value.

Backup time shall be the shortest:

• Test at minimum operation temperature


• Test at maximum operation temperature


Backup time for central light system

Light system with a central backup system shall be tested to record the typical backup time.

Test shall be performed with backup media in a condition that simulates 3 years of operation or the time measured shall be recalculated to backup time after 3 years operation.

The test shall be performed with nominal electrical input before the test is initiated and bot h at the lowest and highest operation temperature from clause 5.3.2.3 and 5.3.2.4.

The time shall be measured from the input power is disconnected to the illumination reach the minimum level of 20 % for suppliers’ nominal datasheet value.

The load on the central backup shall be the maximum allowed by the manufacturer.

Backup time shall be the shortest of:

• Test at minimum operation temperature

• Test at maximum operation temperature


Backup illumination:

The backup illumination shall be measured and compared with the illumination flux during normal operation.

The normal operation shall be the lowest illumination measured at the nominal electrical input .

During backup the illumination shall be the measured value when 100 % of the backup time is elapsed.

The measurement shall be conducted with the setup used in clause 5.3.2.3 and 5.3.2.4.

Over voltage:

Test can be conducted at any of the nominal frequencies. See Table 21.

Table 20 – Over voltage

Number of over voltage events

Voltage level of nominal voltage range

Duration of over voltage Test success criteria

100 2,0 x Un 0,01 second SC 01

100 1,8 x Un 0,1 second SC 01

75 1,6 x Un 1 second SC 01

50 1,4 x Un 10 seconds SC 01




Under voltage:

Test can be conducted at any of the nominal frequencies. See Table 22.

Table 21 – Under voltage

Number of under voltage events

Voltage level of minimum nominal voltage range

Duration of under voltage Test success criteria

100 0 x Un 1 second SC 01

100 0,1 x Un 0,01 second SC 01

100 0,2 x Un 0,1 second SC 01

75 0,4 x Un 1 second SC 01


25 0,8 x Un 1800 sec SC 01

Total harmonic distortion

The total harmonic distortion of the waveform relative to a pure sine wave shall be measured either by using a total tarmonic distortion analyser or by measuring each multiple of the fundamentals for all AC supplied light systems.

Test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 61000-3-2 clause 6.2.

The Total Harmonic Distortion shall be the light systems Total Harmonic Distortion and not the single component, but the characteristic of product that the OEM will implement.

Impulse withstand voltage

Performance of impulse withstand voltage rating shall be verified by Impulse voltage dielectric test described in IEC 60664-1, Clause 6.1.2.2.1, with the values from IEC 60664-1 Table F.1, based on input voltage rating.


Test sequence

Table 23 is showing an overview of the required tests.


Table 22 – Electrical performance


Input AC/DC voltage high Nominal +10 % Nominal +15 % Nominal +20 %

Input AC/DC voltage low Nominal -10 % Nominal -15 % Nominal -20 %

Nominal frequency 50/60 Hz +/-1 Hz 50/60 Hz +/-3 Hz 50/60 Hz +/-4 Hz

Inrush current The light system manufacturer shall inform the OEM on the maximum inrush for the delivery

Maximum 2*In Maximum 1,25*In

Power factor 0,90 0,95 0,97

Backup time min 60 min 90 min

Backup- luminous flux Min. 20 % of nominal Min. 50 % of nominal Min. 95 % of nominal

Over voltage -10 % of nominal input voltage

-20 % of nominal input voltage


Under voltage -10 % of nominal input voltage



Total Harmonic Distortion In accordance with IEC 61000 table 2

Maximum 75% of the values from IEC 61000 table 2


Impulse withstand voltage rating

Value for Overvoltage category II

Value for Overvoltage category III

Value for Overvoltage category IV

Success criteria

See clause 5.13.1.1– 5.13.1.9.

5.14 Corrosion resistance

Introduction to corrosion resistance testing

The atmosphere can be classified into four basic types (industrial, marine, rural (countryside) and indoor), most environments are mixed and present no clear specification. The type of atmosphere can vary depending on the wind pattern and in particularly where corrosive pollutants are present and with other local conditions. The most important factor in atmospheric corrosion is moisture, in the form of rain, dew, condensation, or high relative humidity. Time of wetness is an estimated parameter for the period of where the relative humidity exceeds 80 % at temperatures higher than 0°C. Corrosions is very depended on time of wetness and degree of corrosive pollutants. In the absence of moisture, most contaminants will often have little or no corrosive effect. Note: Often the corrosion environment is classified with corrosion classes (C1-C5 and CX) in according to ISO 9223. For more details and definitions refer to ISO 9223.

Test sequence

Performance of corrosion resistance shall be verified by salt -mist corrosion testing described in IEC 60068-2-52, part 2, test Kb. See Table 24.

The corrosion test will mainly reflect a marine environment with salt and wetness as the corrosion agents. No other contaminants, aggressive gasses or chemicals will be involved in determining the corrosion resistance. It is considered that salt -mist tests are providing a good


general idea about the corrosion resistance of the l ight system. Apart for the corrosion of metals, this test can also be used to indicate deterioration of some non-metallic materials by salt absorption.

Severity 1 is often used for off-shore and near shore environment.

Severity 3 is intended for products that also will experience a dry atmosphere, and the test includes a standard atmosphere period.

Note that severity 1 is often used as a general test regarding corrosion robustness.

Table 23 – Corrosion resistance


Corrosion C3 C4 C5 C5-M

IEC 60068-2-52, part 2, test Kb

Severity 3

4 cycles + 3 days = 7 days

Severity 3


Severity 1

4 cycles = 28 days

Severity 1

4 cycles = 28 days

Success criteria

For all tests and categories, the tested item must fulfil: Success Criteria: SC 02

6 Annex A

Specification check list

Environmental condition

Categories Details in clause

Low (Area) Medium (Area) High (Area) Extreme Environment (e.g. Offshore)

Obtained value by supplier

Third party accreditation required

Notes

Vibration operational

Random vibration operation up to 10 kg

5.1 0,6grms 10-20 Hz 0,005 g2/Hz

20-500 Hz -3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

1,1 grms 10-20 Hz 0,015 g2/Hz


1½ h/axis 3 axes

1,9 grms 10-20 Hz 0,05 g2/Hz

20-500 Hz-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

NA

Random vibration operation 10 kg to 150 kg

0,33grms 5-20 Hz 0,002 g2/Hz


1½ h/axis 3 axes

0,53 grms 5-20 Hz 0,005 g2/Hz

20-150 Hz-3 dB/octave

1½ h/axis 3 axes

0,91 grms 5-20 Hz 0,015 g2/Hz


1½ h/axis 3 axes

NA

IEC 60068-2-6

Resonance search

Up to 10 kg: 10 – 500 Hz: 1 g

10 kg to 150 kg: 5 – 150 Hz: 0,5 g 3 axes 1 octaves/min Min. two sweeps cycles (2 up and 2 down)

NA


NOTE:

grms: grms is used to define the overall energy or acceleration level of random vibration. grms (root-mean-square) is calculated by taking the square root of the area under the Power Spectral Density curve.

Power Spectral Density is the frequency content of a random signal. It tells us how the power is distributed as a function of frequency.

.

Vibration transport and production handling

IEC 60068-2-55

Transport and production

Up to 50 kg

50-150 kg no loose cargo bouncing test

5.2 Loose cargo bouncing:

Dwell time: 30 min


Dwell time: 40 min


Dwell time: 60 min

NA

Peak displacement amplitude: 12,75 mm ±0,5 mm @ 4,75 Hz ±0,05 Hz.

50 % on bottom facing down and remaining 50 % evenly along all other possible shipping orientations

IEC 60068-2-31

Free fall drop test

Up to 50 kg

Height of fall 100 mm

Height of fall 250 mm

Height of fall 500 mm NA

6 drops (it is acceptable to use new light system for each of the 6 drops) 1 on top 2 on edges 2 on corner

1 on bottom


IEC 60068-2-31

Dropping on to a face

50-150 kg

50 mm or max 5°

100 mm or max 10°

200 mm or max 15° NA

4 drops on to a face: (it is acceptable to use new light system for each of the 4 drops) 1 on each bottom edge (No toppel or push over test)

Temperature Functional temperature test - high temperature

5.3 +30°C +50°C +70°C +80°C

Functional temperature test - low temperature

-10°C -20°C -40°C -50°C


-10°C -20°C -40°C -50°C


+30°C +50°C +70°C +80°C


+5°C/+40°C -20°C/+60°C -30°C/+80°C -40°C/+80°C

Humidity IEC 60068-2-78

Damp heat, steady state

5.4 +40°C

85% RH

2 days

+40°C

93% RH

4 days

+40°C

93% RH

10 days

NA

IEC 60068-2-30

Damp heat cyclic

Use variant 1 or 2

+40°C

2 cycles

+50°C

6 cycles

NA NA

IEC 60068-2-38

NA NA +60°C

10 cycles

NA


Composite temperature humidity cyclic

Use cold sub-cycles in 5 of 10 cycles

Installation altitude


Under voltage

5.5 NA 899 mBar 795 mBar 650 mBar


Over voltage

NA 899 mBar 795 mBar 650 mBar

Ingress protection

Ingress protection (covers dust, humidity, rain and snow)

5.6 IPxxB IP54 IP65 IP66

UL Type rating

Type 1 Type 5, Type 12 or Type 13

Type 3, Type 3R, Type 3RX, Type 3S or Type 3SX

Type 4, Type 4X or Type 6P

All above in accordance with UL50 and UL50E

Solar radiation Solar radiation

5.7 Test duration:

21 days

Test duration

52,5 days

Test duration

84 days

Test duration

105 days

Fire Resistance to flame and ignition

5.8 In compliance with IEC 60598-13.3

In compliance with 60695-2-10b

In compliance with 60695-2-10a

Selfextinguishing after max 5 seconds

Glow wire test 850°C

Environmental requirements (RoHS, REACH, WEEE etc.)

RoHS 5.9 The light system shall comply with the European RoHS directive 2011/65/EU with amendments

Same as low Same as low NA


REACH annex XIV


And

Inform turbine manufacturer if and how much is used of a substance on REACH Annex XIV ‘Candidate List’


And

No use of substances listed in ECHA’s ‘Candidate List’ in REACH Annex XIV.

A substitution process for new candidates implemented in REACH Annex XIV ‘Candidate List’

Same as medium NA

REACH annex XVII

No use of substances in REACH Annex XVII ‘Restriction L ist’.

Same as low Same as low NA

WEEE directive

NA WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU


• the weight of the lamp

• which WEEE category it belongs to.

Ensure producer

WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU


Percentage of total weight for different VDA material groups.

NA






registration and reporting in the country of delivery.

Batteries Compliance with the battery directive 2006/66/EC with amendments

As ‘Low’ As ‘Low’

and

light system manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer:

which battery type

number of batteries

weight of battery

NA

Banned substances

NA The use of materials that are carcinogenic, inhibit reproduction, allergenic or nerve damaging are prohibited.

Same as medium NA

Rare earth element

NA Light system manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer of the total weight of the different rare earth elements

Light system manufacturer must inform turbine manufacturer of the total weight of the different rare earth elements

NA

Chemical resistance

Resistance to chemicals

5.10 NA Test according to ISO 175

Test according to ISO 175 and ISO 22088-3.

NA

Resistance to oil

NA 24 hours at 70°C using standard oil type IRM 902

24 hours at 90°C using one or more customer specific oils.

NA

Illumination performance

Stroboscope effect

5.11 NA Light System manufacturer must inform turbine



Test method to be agreed between


manufacturer of the frequencies where stroboscopic effect can occur

OEM and supplier

CCT 2,000-10,000 K 3,000-8,500 K 4,000-7,000 K NA Both normal and emergency mode

CRI Ra>50 Ra>70 Ra>80 Ra>90 EN 50308 will be replaced by IEC 61400-30

Luminous flux for the complete light unit

50 lm/W 75 lm/W 100 lm/W NA

Estimated burning hours

5.000

L95 at 40oC

10.000

L95 at 40oC

15.000

L95 at 40oC

NA

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

5.12 Self-certified product

3rd party assessment

3rd party (accredited or notified body) certified product

NA

Electrical performance

Input AC/DC voltage high

5.13 Nominal +10 % Nominal +15 % Nominal +20 % NA

Input AC/DC voltage low

Nominal -10 % Nominal -15 % Nominal -20 % NA

Nominal frequency

50/60 Hz +/-1 Hz

50/60 Hz +/-3 Hz

50/60 Hz +/-4 Hz NA

Inrush current

The light system manufacturer shall inform the OEM on the maximum inrush for the delivery

Maximum 2*In Maximum 1,25*In NA

Power factor 0,90 0,95 0,97 NA


Backup time 15 min 60 min 90 min NA

Backup- luminous flux

Min. 20 % of nominal

Min. 50 % of nominal

Min. 95 % of nominal NA

Over voltage +10 % of nominal input voltage

+20 % of nominal input voltage

+30 % of nominal input voltage

NA

Under voltage




NA

Total harmonic distortion current

In accordance with IEC 61000 table 2



NA

Impulse withstand voltage rating

Value for Overvoltage category II

Value for Overvoltage category III

Value for Overvoltage category IV

NA

Corrosion resistance

Corrosion 5.14 C3 C4 C5 C5-M

IEC 60068-2-52, part 2, test Kb

Severity 3


Severity 3


Severity 1

4 cycles = 28 days

Severity 1

4 cycles = 28 days

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