INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION DURING MAIZE, WHEAT AND POTATO CULTIVATION IN BANGLADESH
Md Mozammel Haque1, S. Akhter2, Jatish C Biswas1, M Maniruzaman1, M S Kabir1 1BRRI, & 2BARI
1
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Gas GWP Sources Contribution (%)
CO2 1 Energy use, industry Agriculture = sink 60
CH4 25 Natural gas, landfill, wetland Agriculture 15
N2O 265 Industry, fertilizer Insufficient data for agriculture 7
Major GHGs & Contribution
220
270
320
370
200000 400000 600000
Year before present
Vostok Ice Core Dome Concordia
0
Muana Loa Readings CO2 Levels Since 1958
310
330 350
370
10 20 30 40
CO2 (
ppm
)
0
170
220
270
320
370
0 200000 400000 600000 Time (YBP)
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
SST
(°C)
Tro
pica
l Pac
ific
CO
2 (pp
m) A
ntar
ctic
a
CO2 Conc Vs. Temp
The Earth is shrinking
1900 7.91
1950 5.15
1987 2.60
2005 2.02
2030 1.69
2050 1.44
YEAR Hectar of surface per person
Ecological footprint = the land we need to provide daily needs and take up the waste. Now we are using 1.5 Earths per year.
The Earth is shrinking for Bangladesh
1900 2.70
1960 1.70
1983 0.91
1996 0.68
2021 0.10
2050 ?
YEAR Average farm holding size (ha) in Bangladesh
7
Global climate change which is threatening the
food security of developing countries is the
biggest challenge to be addressed by the
agriculture sector.
At current rates of climate change average yields
of major cereals of the world such as; rice, wheat
and maize are expected to decrease by 50, 17 and
6 percent respectively by middle of this century
[Anonymous, 2009]
Nitrous oxide emission from field
To find out CO2 & N2O emission from major
crops
To find out total CO2 & N2O flux
To find out GWP
Objective
Express Your Research Experience
Experiment was installed at Bangladesh
Agricultural Research Institute, farm, Gazipur
based on greenhouse gas emission and global
warming potential identify and also identify
mitigation of GHG technique
Potato, Wheat, & Maize cultivation at BARI farm
1. Treatments: i) Native nutrient (Control)
ii) Prilled Urea
iii) NPK briquette
iv) USG
2. Crop cultivar: Potato-Asterix,
Wheat-BARI Gom 30
Maize-BARI Hybrid bhutta 9 ,
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Gas sampling - Sampling: Closed chamber method
- Interval & time : 1 times a week
CO2 & N2O analysis -Instrument: Gas chromatography
-Detector:TCD for CO2, and ECD for N2O)
-Column: Porapak NQ (Q 80-100mesh)
-TCD, temperatures: 65oC, 150oC and 300oC
- ECD temperature: 125oC, 150oC and 300oC
Total global warming potential calculation
With the information on the flux of GHGs over the rice growing season,
the relative ability of gases, also called GWP of a production system, were
expressed in terms of CO2 equivalent (Robertson et al., 2000), and the
GWP is 25 for CH4, and 265 for N2O (IPCC 2014): GWP (CO2 equivalent) = CH4 × 25 + CO2 × 1 + N2O × 265.
Results & Discussion
N2O emission from Maize fields
Days after sowing20 40 60 80 100 120
N2O
em
issi
on (u
g hr
-1m
-2)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60ControlPrilled ureaNPK briquetteUSG
16
Total N2O flux from Maize fields
TreatmentControl Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
Tota
l N2O
flux
(g h
a-1)
0
100
200
300
400
500
17
CO2 emission rate & total flux from Maize crop
Treatment
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
Tota
l CO
2 flu
x (k
g ha
-1)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Days after sowing20 40 60 80 100 120
CO
2 em
issi
on (m
g hr
-1m
-2)
0
50
100
150
200ControlPrilled ureaNPK briquetteUSG
18
Global warming potential at Maize crop
Treatment
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
GW
P (k
g C
O2 e
q. h
a-1)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
19
N2O emission from Wheat fields
Days after sowing
20 40 60 80 100
N2O
em
issi
on (u
g hr
-1m
-2)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 ControlPrilled ureaNPK briquetteUSG
20
Total N2O flux from Wheat fields
Treatments
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
N2O
flux
(gm
ha-1
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
21
CO2 emission rate & total flux from Wheat crop
Days after sowing14 28 42 56 70 84 98
CO
2 em
issi
on (
mg
hr-1
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
ControlPrilled ureaNPK briquetteUSG
Treatments
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
Tota
l CO
2 flu
x (k
g ha
-1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
22
Global warming potential from Wheat crop
TreatmentsControl Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
GW
P ( k
g C
O2 e
q. h
a-1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
23
N2O emission from Potato fields
Days after sowing
20 40 60 80
N2O
em
issi
on (u
g hr
-1 m
-2)
0
20
40
60
80
100ControlPrilled ureaNPK briquetteUSG
24
Total N2O flux from Potato fields
Ttreatment
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
Tota
l N2O
flux
(g h
a-1)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
25
CO2 emission rate & total flux from Potato crop
CO2 emission
Days after sowing20 40 60 80
CO
2 em
issi
on (m
g hr
-1 m
-2)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120ControlPrilled ureaNPK briquetteUSG
Treatment
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
Tota
l CO
2 flu
x (k
g ha
-1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
26
Global warming potential from Potato crop
Treatment
Control Prilled urea NPK briquette USG
GW
P (k
g C
O2 e
q. h
a-1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
27
Treatments GWP per kg grain yield (g kg-1)
Maize Potato Wheat
Control 227 60 1058
Prilled Urea 214 57 1166
NPK briquette 215 52 981
USG 150 45 940
LSD0.05 7.5 4.6 21.3
Total GWP per kg grain yield
28
Treatments Yield (t ha-1)
Maize Potato Wheat
Control 7.24 12.1 3.2
Prilled Urea 13.01 16.9 3.6
NPK briquette 12.70 17.1 3.9
USG 14.16 17.5 4.0
LSD0.05 0.49 0.42 0.21
Yield with different N management
29
On going activities GHG measurement at Gazipur, Meherpur, Jamalpur, Rangpur
30
Greenhouse gas emission emitted such as
N2O and CO2 from Maize, Potato and
Wheat crops Global warming potential increases with
different N fertilization
How the Experience would address the problem?
31
In conclusion, use of USG for maize,
wheat and potato cultivation can
reduce about 2-36% N2O fluxes and
10-24% GWP along with about 4-
17% yield improvement compared to
other N sources.
How the Experience would address the problem?
Acknowledgement
32
KGF for financial supports through CRP-II NARS scientists for their cooperation & BRRI
Thank you for your attention
