18
Information&
Communication Technology
Office : Phone : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 011-26522064Mobile : E-mail:
Web : 8130909220, 9711853908 [email protected], [email protected]
iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
New Patternfor
UPSC ESE Exam
First Edition : 2016
Second Edition (Revised) : 2017
Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016
IES MASTER PUBLICATIONF-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016
Phone : 011-26522064, Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908
E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]
Web : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2017, by IES MASTER Publications. No part of this booklet may bereproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system withoutthe prior permission of IES MASTER, New Delhi. Violates are liable to be legallyprosecuted.
Amit K. Chaudhary
IES Master PublicationNew Delhi, 2017
Information communication technology has been written mainly to cater for students appearing for UnionPublic Service Commission, ESE (Engineering Services Examination), State public service commission andother competitive examinations. It covers in detail the syllabi for these examinations. Questions typicalof those set in the examinations have been included to practice and to discover the extent of theirknowledge. Keywords are printed in bold type to assist the student further in assimilating the information.
In writing this book we have had in mind the needs and interests of students appearing for these competitiveexaminations, since most of the text books already available are written too extensively making most ofit irrelevant to the demands of the examination. The discussion points focus on points of topical interestor on particular concept.
PREFACE
Section Description Page No.
Preface (iii)
Chapter 1 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE 1 – 18
1.1 Overview of ICT …(1)
1.2 Different Roles of ICTs …(2)
1.3 Applications of ICT …(2)
1.4 Role of ICT in Various Sectors …(3)
Chapter 2 COMPUTER: THE BASIC ICT TOOL 19 – 48
2.1 Introduction …(19)
2.2 Basic Structure of Computer …(19)
2.3 Memory or Storage Devices …(20)
2.4 Memory Hierarchy …(20)
2.5 Types of Computer …(25)
2.6 Computer Accessories and Tool …(26)
2.7 Miscellaneous Data Storage …(37)
2.8 Computer Ports …(37)
2.9 Software in a Computer …(39)
Chapter 3 NETWORKING 49 – 110
3.1 Introduction …(49)
3.2 Uses of Computer Networks …(50)
3.3 The OSI Model (Open System Inter Connection Model) …(52)
3.4 Types of Network …(55)
3.5 Other Special Purpose Network …(67)
3.6 Network Devices …(69)
3.7 Computer Network Connection Type …(70)
3.8 Radio Wave based Networking …(71)
3.9 Mobile Technology …(73)
3.10 Internet …(75)
3.11 Cloud Computing …(86)
3.12 Cyber Security …(89)
3.13 Cryptography …(92)
3.14 Security in the Internet …(94)
CONTENTS
Contents (v)
Chapter 4 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 111 – 120
4.1 Satellite …(111)
4.2 LEO, MEO and GEO Satellite System …(111)
4.3 Difference between Geosynchronous andGeostationary Satellites …(112)
4.4 Satellite Navigation System …(112)
4.5 Remote Sensing …(114)
4.6 Geographic Information System (GIS) …(114)
4.7 Radar …(114)
4.8 Lidar …(114)
4.9 Sonar …(115)
4.10 What is DTH …(115)
4.11 Difference between DTH and Cable TV …(115)
4.12 Assisted GPS (A-GPS) …(115)
4.13 Difference between GPS and A-GPS …(116)
4.14 S-GPS (Simultaneous GPS) …(116)
4.15 Very Small Aperture Terminal …(116)
4.16 Microwaves …(116)
Chapter 5 ROLE OF ICT IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING 121 – 137
5.1 Introduction …(121)
5.2 Need of ICT in Education and Learning …(122)
5.3 Objective of ICT Implementation in Education …(122)
5.4 Use of ICTs to Improve the Quality of Education …(123)
5.5 E-Learning …(123)
5.6 Significance of E-Learning …(123)
5.7 ICT for School Management …(124)
5.8 ICT for Open and Distance Learning …(124)
5.9 Use of ICT for Children with Special Needs …(125)
5.10 Use of ICT for Skill Development (Vocational and Job
Oriented Areas of General Education) …(125)
5.11 ICT and Teacher Training …(125)
5.12 Initiatives Taken in the Sphere of Rural Education
by the Government of India …(126)
5.13 Other Initiatives …(126)
5.14 Tools of ICT in Education …(127)
5.15 Initiatives of ICT in Education and Learning …(133)
(vi) Contents
Chapter 6 E-GOVERNANCE 138 – 178
6.1 Introduction …(138)
6.2 E-Governance …(138)
6.3 Stages of E-Governance …(139)
6.4 Scope of E-Governance …(140)
6.5 Objectives of E-Governance …(141)
6.6 Advantages of E-Governance …(142)
6.7 National E-Governance Plan …(143)
6.8 Difference between E-Governance and E-Government …(147)
6.9 E-Kranti (National E-Governance Plan 2.0) …(147)
6.10 Digital India Program …(148)
6.11 Digital Divide …(150)
6.12 JAM Trinity …(152)
6.13 Various Projects and Schemes of the Government under NeGP …(152)
6.14 Major Mission Mode Projects …(154)
6.15 Various E-Governance Initiatives Across Sectors …(157)
Chapter 7 VARIOUS ACTS AND POLICIES RELATED TO ICT IN INDIA 179 – 191
7.1 Information Technology Act, 2000 …(179)
7.2 The Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2006 …(179)
7.3 The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Act, 2014 …(180)
7.4 The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2011 …(180)
7.5 National Cyber Security Policy 2013 …(181)
7.6 Need of Data Security Policy in India …(182)
7.7 Need for Encryption in India …(183)
7.8 Institutions Involved in Internal Cyber Security Structure of India …(183)
7.9 Institutions Involved in External Cyber Security Structure of India …(184)
7.10 Geospatial Information Regulation Bill …(184)
7.11 Data Sovereignty …(185)
7.12 Major Networking Organizations Across the World …(186)
Chapter 8 CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROGRAMS IN ICT 192 – 232
8.0 Contemporary Technologies …(191)
8.1 5G Technology …(191)
8.2 Quantum Cryptography …(193)
8.3 Optical Computing …(193)
8.4 Organic Computing …(193)
Contents (vii)
8.5 Exascale Computing …(194)
8.6 DNA Digital Data Storage …(194)
8.7 Computer-Generated Holography …(194)
8.8 Digital Scent Technology …(194)
8.9 Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) …(195)
8.10 BLU-Ray Disc …(195)
8.11 High-Definition Versatile Disc (HVD) …(195)
8.12 Artificial Intelligence …(195)
8.13 Artificial Brain …(195)
8.14 Virtual Reality …(195)
8.15 Augmented Reality …(196)
8.16 Merged Reality …(196)
8.17 Cryptocurrency …(197)
8.18 Blockchain Technology …(197)
8.19 Civic Technology …(197)
8.20 Internet of Things …(198)
8.21 General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units …(198)
8.22 Exocortex …(199)
8.23 Li-Fi …(199)
8.24 Machine Translation …(199)
8.25 Machine Vision …(199)
8.26 Quantum Computing …(200)
8.27 Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) …(200)
8.28 Smart Speaker …(200)
8.29 Software Defined Radio …(200)
8.30 Quantum Dots …(201)
8.31 3D Displays …(202)
8.32 Holographic Displays …(202)
8.33 Lightfield Displays …(203)
8.34 Screenless Displays …(203)
8.35 E-Cigarettes …(203)
8.36 E-Paper …(204)
8.37 Sunway TaihuLight …(204)
8.38 Bionics …(204)
8.39 Satallite Radio (SiriusXM Satellite Radio) …(205)
8.40 Podcasting …(205)
8.41 Digital Signage …(205)
8.42 Millimeter Wave Technology …(205)
(viii) Contents
8.43 Bitcoins …(206)
8.44 Speech Recognition …(206)
8.45 QR Codes …(207)
8.46 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyaan …(207)
8.47 The ICT Development Index (IDI) …(207)
8.48 Internet Readiness Index …(208)
8.49 Networked Readiness Index …(208)
8.50 Village Knowledge Centers …(209)
8.51 Smart Cities Mission …(209)
8.52 National eHealth Authority (NeHA) …(210)
8.53 BOSS Linux …(211)
8.54 PARAMYUVA-II …(211)
8.55 Aadhar …(211)
8.56 Biometrics …(212)
8.57 Universal Account Number (UAN) of EPF …(212)
8.58 Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) …(212)
8.59 Gyan Darshan …(213)
8.60 NMEICT …(213)
8.61 Unnat Bharat Abhiyan …(214)
8.62 IT-based Initiative to Control Malaria …(214)
8.63 Mahila E-Haat …(214)
8.64 E-Laabh …(214)
8.65 E-Samiksha …(214)
8.66 IAP Health Phone Programme …(215)
8.67 Big Data Initiative …(215)
8.68 e-VIN …(216)
8.69 Vittiya Saksharata Abhiyan …(216)
8.70 Project Loon …(216)
8.71 White-Fi …(217)
8.72 Net Neutrality …(217)
8.73 Cyber Swachhta Kendra …(217)
8.74 Social Media …(217)
8.75 C-DAC …(218)
8.76 e-Pramaan …(219)
8.77 National Payment Corporation of India …(220)
8.78 CERT-in …(220)
1.1 OVERVIEW OF ICT
1
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICTis defined as the application of technology in processing of informationand communication which includes the use of computers andsoftwares to not only convert and store but also process, transmitand retrieve information. It covers all the products that stores,manipulates and transmit information electronically in a digital form.For example, personal computers, radio, broadband, television, email,web based content repositories, interactive forums, learningmanagement systems, and management information systems etc.are all classified as ICTs.
The term information and communication technology (ICT) is generally accepted to mean all technologies that, combined, allow people and organization to interact in the digital world.
0
DATA
Cloud Computing Software
HardwareInternet Access
Transactions
Communications Technology
10 1
0
ICT
Fig. 1.1: Components of ICT.
National policy on ICT has defined it as all devices, tools, content,resources, forums, and services, digital and those that can beconverted into or delivered through digital forms, which can bedeployed for realising the goals of teaching learning, enhancingaccess to and reach of resources, building of capacities, as wellas management of the educational system. Processes fordigitisation, deployment and management of content, developmentand deployment of platforms and processes for capacity development,and creation of forums for interaction and exchange are parts of ICT.
INSIDE
Overview of ICT
Different Roles of ICTs
Applications of ICT
Role of ICT in Various Sectors
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE | 15
1. Consider the following statements.
1. Application of ICT in chemical engineeringincludes application designing andmanaging plants, simplifying calculationsand drawings that previously had to bedone manually.
2. Application of ICT in civil engineeringincludes the design of mechanizedsystems such as power and energysystems, aerospace products, weaponsystems, transport product engines, andvacuum technology.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 2 only (b) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Consider the following statements related tothe application of Videoconferencing tool inadministration.
1. Video teleconferencing can be used todecide urgent matters in consultation withsenior officers without calling them overfrom their offices inorder to make themaccessible to the people even while beingin a position to confer with other officersin urget matters.
2. It has enabled citizens’ participation indecision-making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Consider the following statements about thetools of e-commerce
1. Unstructured Supplementary Service Data(USSD) is a tool of e-commerce whichallows mobile banking using basic featuremobile phone. Internet data is essentialin this service.
2. Micro ATMs is another tool which is usedby Bussiness Correspondents to deliverbanking services.
Which of the following statement(s) given aboveis/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of the above
4. Consider the following statements related tothe application of ICT in Service delivery byadministration.1. Qualitative and comprehensive
information is available on departmentalwebsites, especially in local languagesdue to ICT.
2. Public grievances matters pertaining tocivic amenities are not included udner theonline serv ices prov ided by theadministration.
3. ICT enabled single window systemprovides all government services andinformation online on web portal
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) None of the above
5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are theobjectives of ICT in engineering?
1. ICT enables provision of flexible accessto engineering through establishment ofmodern educational environments.
2. It fosters international and cross-sectoralknowledge, expertise and best practiceexchange.
Select the correct code.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Both 1 and 2
6. Consider the following statements.
1. ICT helps administration perform its publicfunctions by simplifying the workprocesses and internal functioning viainternal computerization and automation,thus fostering transparency andaccountability.
2. ICT also facilitates policy formulationthrough multi-stakeholders participationenabling administration to incorporate theideas and suggestions of professionals,academicians, private sector, civil societyorganizations, media, and individuals inpolicy making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Questions
16 | INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
7. Consider the following statements.1. There has been an increase in the
Government to Public interaction due toimplementation of ICT in service deliveryin administration.
2. Due to the implementation of ICT,government departments have becometransparent in sharing information with thepeople. This has ensured the right toinformation to people.
3. There has been no effect on accountabilityand efficiency of administration due toimplementation of ICT.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of the above
8. Consider the following statements.1. ICT tends to reduce the inordinate delays
in file processing and movement causedby multiple levels in the departments/organizations.
2. ICT promotes centralised storage of filesand data that enhances maintenance,reduces unnecessary effort, minimizesstorage place and lessens security risks.
3. ICT doesn’t establish eff icientcommunication system betweenemployees of departments therebyreducing wastage of time.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
9. Consider the following statements.1. Wireless communication devices, like
cellular phones, helps the people inaccessing the internet through email orvoice mail.
2. Unified Messaging makes it easier for theuser to access multiple messages-voices,fax and email- through wireless devicesor a PC browser.
3. The file-tracking module helps to maintaina central record of the status of the filesreduces the unnecessary procedure ofmaintaining file registers but also helpsin locating all information pertaining to asingle file at a central place in anelectronic form that can be accessedonline.
Which of the above statement(s) related to thetechnologies for effective internal administrationis/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
10. Consider the following statements.
1. ICT is defined as all devices, tools andservices, digital and those that can beconverted into or delivered through digitalforms, which can be deployed for realisingthe goals of teaching learning, enhancingaccess to and reach of resources,building of capacities, as well asmanagement of the educational system.
2. Processes for digitisation and creation offorums for interaction and exchange arenot the parts of ICT.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
11. Consider the following statements related tothe ICT implementation in administration.
1. Information, groupware, component ware,shared database and middleware aresome of the important components of ICTimplementation in administration.
2. Public- private partnerships for generatingresources is not a component of E-government model.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
12. Consider the following statements related tothe roles of ICTs.
1. Modelling and Simulation is not one ofthe roles of ICT.
2. Land records, online procurement of birthand death certificates and payment ofincome tax over internet comes under theroles of ICT.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
13. Consider the following statements.1. Geographic Information Systems is a
computer-based system for the
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE | 17
manipulation and analysis of spatialinformation in which there is anautomated link between the data and theirspatial location..
2. Management Information Systems is thestudy of the effective design, delivery anduse of information systems inorganisations.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
14. Consider the following statements related toE-Panchayat.
1. It is a software product conceptualized,designed and developed by Centre forDevelopment of Advance Computing(C-DAC), Pune and is a part of e-governance initiative.
2. It covers all information requirements forthe village panchayat functionaries andrural citizens.
3. Social Audit is not the part of E-panchayatinitiative.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 3 only
15. Consider the following statements related totele-medicine.
1. It is the delivery of healthcare services,such as health assessments orconsultations, over the telecommunicationsinfrastructure in remote areas.
2. Remote patient monitoring is atype of tele-medicine which allows patients withchronic diseases to be monitored in theirhomes through the use of mobile medicaldevices.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
16. Regarding the init iatives taken by theGovernment of India with respect to womenempowerment, consider the following statements.
1. Facilitating content development on webproduction and using ICT resources indifferent languages.
2. Providing scholarships and awards withincentives to promote enrollment andwomen in ICT programs.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 Only (b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
17. Which of the following statements is/are relatedto role of ICT in citizen services
1. Access to public documents
2. On-line payments
3. Better medical education across thecountry.
Codes:(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
18. Consider the following statements in regard toCERT-rail.
1. It was set-up to secure various data baseand network of Indian railway.
2. Evaluating various security products forindian railways and conducting trainingand research are advantages of CERT-rail.
Which of the above statement(s) is/arecorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
19. Which of the following statements is/are thebenefits of ICT in health sector?
1. Better Medical Education across country.
2. Cutting down the medical spending andreducing administrative cost.
3. Increase in FDI in health sector.
Correct Codes:(a) 2 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
20. Which of the following statements is/are theapplications of Management InformationSystem in administration?
1. Data communication through informationinfrastructure development.
2. Providing irrigation services.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
18 | INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
21. Consider the following statements.
1. Computerization of all sections of thegovernment departments has made thesystem efficient in policy making andpolicy implementation and also aids inthe preparation of data repository. But,ICT plays no role in modernizing thecriminal tracking system.
2. Networking enables the governmentdepartments to smoothly transfer files,papers, records, information andnotifications on intranet. It also links stateheadquarters with district and cities andeven the villages forbetter policy making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
22. Consider the following statements regardingemploying ICT tools in engineering projects asby current practice :
1. They must, and do, provide a cleareroverview of the project details andinterfaces.
2. They must be capable of sharing ofinformation appropriately.
3. They must help to cut down the overallcost of the project with effectivemonitoring to safeguard against delays.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. (a)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (d)
6. (d)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. (d)
10. (a)
11. (a)
12. (b)
13. (c)
14. (c)
15. (c)
16. (c)
17. (a)
18. (c)
19. (b)
20. (c)
ANSWER KEY
21. (a)
22. (d)
