Information and Communication Technology for Development

OSM Research Seminar

Manuel Blechschmidt

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Agenda

■ Goal of this presentation

■ Comparsion Europe – Africa

■ Problems

□ Education

□ Power supply

□ GSM Networks

□ Financing

■ Famous projects

□ One laptop per child

□ Mobile money

□ Grameen Bank

■ Conclusion

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Goal of this presentation

■ Giving some insides about development countries

■ What do you have to keep in mind when developing software for third world countries

■ Current trends in development aid

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Comparsion Europe vs. Africa

Population 731,000,000 922,011,000Area

31 7050 53N/A 37,00%

93.7%(EU) 5,00%

Europe Africa

10,180,000 km2 30,221,532 km2

Pop. DensityCountriespower supplymobile phone users

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Literacy Rate

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Flynn effect

■ The Flynn effect is the rise of the average intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores over generations (IQ gains over time)

■ Average IQ by region:East Asians – 105Europeans – 99sub-Saharan - 67

Based on Reynolds et al. 1987, p. 330

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Power supply europe

■ Germany

□ 5597

■ France

□ 6017

■ Spain

□ 4299

■ Consumption in kW proyear per capita

Source: Gini Global Energy Network Insitute

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Power supply africa

■ Kenya

□ 640

■ Ethiopia

□ 370

■ Conclusion:

□ With the power of onegerman we can supply9 kenyians

Source: Gini Global Energy Network Insitute

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Global cellular subscribers

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GSM Networks in Europe

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GSM Networks in Africa

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Financing

■ UNCTAD (2000) estimated that the annual total capital inflows of $9.5 billion to sub-Saharan Africa at the time had to be doubled over the next ten years in order to raise the investment

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What can be done with this point of departure?

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One Laptop per Child

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Vision: OLPC

Mission Statement: To create educational opportunities for the world's poorest children by providing each child with a rugged, low-cost, low-power, connected laptop with content and software designed for collaborative, joyful, self-empowered learning. When children have access to this type of tool they get engaged in their own education. They learn, share, create, and collaborate. They become connected to each other, to the world and to a brighter future.

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Hardware

■ Ruggedized for extrem environments

■ Wireless meshing possibility

■ Build speaker, microphone and camera for social activities

■ Build in gaming control buttons

■ Low power consumption

■ Overall cheap hardware

■ Possibility to power with a solar panel

■ Power consumption is 2 W

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Application environment diagram

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Mobile Money

■ Lack of banks pushes Africans to cellphone cash

■ Market forecast to reach 900 million people by 2014

■ Phone operators see m-cash as tool for 'stickiness'

■ In Africa phone firms, not banks, lead the way

■ Only one in five people have bank accounts

■ mobile phones are spreading extremely fast: to 270 million in 2007 from just 50 million in 2003, according to industry association GSMA.

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Grameen Bank

■ Grameen Bank (GB) has reversed conventional banking practice by removing the need for collateral and created a banking system based on mutual trust, accountability, participation and creativity

■ As of May, 2009, it has 7.86 million borrowers, 97 percent of whom are women. With 2,556 branches, GB provides services in 84,388 villages, covering more than 100 percent of the total villages in Bangladesh.

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Grameen Bank

■ Easy messages to people

■ It communicates 16 decisions. Here is the first one:

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Conclusion

■ Help is possible

■ Keep it simple

□ Keep it even more simple

■ Scale your solution

■ Easy things work

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Sources

1. https://www.cs.tcd.ie/publications/tech-reports/reports.03/TCD-CS-2003-24.pdf

2. http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL6977618

3. http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/GSM_WorldPoster2008A.pdf

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe

6. http://research.nokia.com/research/labs/teams/nokia_research_africa

7. http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/

8. http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/national_energy_grid/europe/graphics/euro_trans.GIF

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_energy_consumption_per_capita

10. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect

12. http://www.brookings.edu/views/papers/dickens/20060619_IQ.pdf13. Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the wealth of nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X

14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence

15. The state of data communication networks in Africa: an overview

http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=307607.307616

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Sources

16. Financing Africa’s Future Growth and Development: Some Innovations, Ernest Aryeetey

17. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLPC_XO-1

18. http://www.laptop.org/en/