8/10/2019 Information Technology For Monitoring and Control of Power Distribution

1/4

OGY FOR ON

T0

RIN

OL OF

POWER DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM

SUMMARY

Information

role in every

monitoring and

and distribution

tion regarding

line interaction

areas of skills fctr

pump systems,

host of other such

in all countries

mation technolq

availability of

low

high level of

able.

Present paper

nology in monitoring

tribution.

INTRODUCTION:

India is a vast

power distributioti

used for supply

people, domestic:

etc.

n

the weslern

eastern countrie5,

less than 10%.

that the power

available to the

gin of 25 - 30%

BY

Dr

Y S N

Murty

Professor & Deanof Information Technology

Engineerhg :Staff College

of

lnclia

Visvesvaraya Bhavan, Khairatabad

HYDERABAD 4

Technology is going to play a malor

country in their industries;,

control of power generation

systems, gathering of informa-

ineeds of rural people and on-

to provide assistance

in

the

management

of

their electric

distribution transformers and ~

applications. 50 of activities

will be carried out through infor-

y. This Is due to the current

cost personal computer's and

appplied software which is avaii-

oiitlines role of information Tech-

and control of power dis-

country with

a

large number of

networks. These networks aro

of

power to industries, rural

consumers and street light ;

countries and the advanced

the power distribution loss i ;

In India, however, it was founcf

generated and the actual poweir

consumers is having

a loss

mar-

This loss is due to inefficient

transmission lines, pilferage and poor quality of

transformers etc. The country needs a huge in-

crease in the power for meeting the needs of the

growth

in

industry and agriculture. Power

saved

is power generated.

i f

we can reduce or prevent

the losses in the distribution system it is possible

to make more power available to the consumers.

For the purpose of reducing the power loss

the

root eauscf is required to be identified and

preventive

;and

corrective actions are taken. This

requires a continuous automatic monitoring

of

power generated and available at various dis-

tribution transformer points. For this purpose

voltage awl current sensors are required

t

be

provided alt

the

distribution transformers.

Using

telemetry the data on the power available at

each transformer can be continuously transmitted

through the satellite or fibre optic cable to

a

central cornmand and control port where one

can obtain the information on the actual power

generated and actual power available to the

consumers. From the continuous monitoring of

the data on supply, demand and availability of

power one can know the root cause of the ios-

ses

in

power distribution system. Based on this

information one can take remote control actions

of the power distribution system. It is also

pos

sible by proper switching systems to control

the availability of power at various distribution

transformers. We are aware that the life

of

the

distribution power line transformers is generally

10 - 15 yeairs whereas in reality we find that

30

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8/10/2019 Information Technology For Monitoring and Control of Power Distribution

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et

burnt in

2 3

years.

The

cause

of

this

s

ding of the transformer and

~a~n~enance.hermal sensors can

with the transformers and when the

transformer exceeds the

tolerable ~im~ts,u to~a~ ic~ t i o n ~an be initiated

for s w ~ t ~ h l n ~ff the power to the transformer

n

be

initiated. This ac-

mers from being

burnt

a lot of money currently being.spent

of t ransfo~er~.he ob-

per

is

to obtain the Wor-

the health of

the

transformer

to a central computer

c o n t r ~s y s te~which can take decisions and

sters and optimise the available

power for u~i6~satlony v a r i o ~ onsumers.

ER DlST

eve~opments have taken place In

the

~enera~~onnd transm~ssion of electrical

ower. ~~wever,h e v e ~ o ~ ~ e n t $n power

~lstr~butiony s t e ~ s n s ~ d e r a ~ ettention.

The d~stribution@ng~fleers responsible for ensur-

Ing

~ t l ~ a c t ~ o n

the consumer of

the

electricity

supply ~ n du s t ~ . he function of e l~c tri ci~y

is-

y available to each of

ntral bulk point. The

Is

essential to op-

to

each customer.

s

of

~ r k e t ~ n gnd

control of power d ~ s t r i ~ u ~ i o ~echni~u@save sig-

nificant drawba~ks n view of the large volume of

customers and ~istr~bu~ionf ~ower nd power

generation systems. ne of the key factors in

optim~sa~ion

f

func~i

of

power distr~b~tion

s

the dynamic data on the central pow~r

enerated and ~o wermade ava~~ableo

the

cus-

mers as per the current meters. It is ,found

s i ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ a n tismat

tomer. This ~@v@alsosses

b e ~ @ @ n

ower

powe~ ~ s t r ~ ~ ~ o n .s such

it

is

e c e s ~ a ~

o

~ ~ e n ~ ~ ~ yhe cause of pow^

loss

and

also hQw the

The demand for eiectrictty is increasing by leeps

and bounds thus calling for better distribution

sytems and quaNy

of

eiectrlclty supplied to

customers. Further the distribution system should

ensure uninterrupted availability, reliability and

maintainability

of

the standard of voltage and

frequency within the stipulated limits.

For

meeting

above needs of customers the power distribution

information should

be

available on-line

~ y ~ ~ i ~ i l

With

the monitoring infot-mation thus avabble the

data

can be

generated for assessing

the

extent

to

which the needs of the customers are met.

I N ~ O ~ ~ A ~ ~ O ~ECHNOLOGY TOOLS:

With the significant increase

in

the customers

of

both authorised and unauthorised categ

now become essential to use currently a ~ a ~ ~ ~ b l e

information technology tools to gather and forward

the information to a central control poht and

computer. Such information can

be

processed for

corrective and preventive actions and power load

management at various distribution points.

Since the advent of microprocessor around 1982,

the personal computers have made big Impact and

are now available in

c

suitable software the

PC be

made

part

and

parcel

of

any distribution system for optimisation

and effectiveness.

The g r ~ ~ i n gemand for electricity in terms

of

increasing growth rates and high densities make t

imperative that

the

distribution system should

be

capab~e of handling higher voltages, higher

cities, better control mechanism to ensure

e,continuous and better performance of

the

distrib~iQn ystem.

It

is also necessary to have

~n~orm~t iQnn

the

customer load distribution and

the pattern in which this distribution

s

changing

with more and more industries, agriculture, pump

s y ~ ~ e ~ s ,omestic consumers, street lighting etc.

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8/10/2019 Information Technology For Monitoring and Control of Power Distribution

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Monitoring an control of power distribution

system:

Over loading in

cause disruption

and also ci

power supplieij

degradation can

voltage, chango

more damages

consumers. Co

and also we call

theft and other

by automatic

led, programmalie

in

computers have made sig-

the last two decades and

used in the power industry

monitoring and control of

a

distribution system can

of power to the customelrs

use degradation in quality of

to the consumers. The

be In the way of drop of

in frequency, which can cause

Bo the electrical systems of the

*rective actions can be initiated

identify the root cause of the

losses. This Is now possibile

methods using software control-

computers.

and power actually made

ethods employed are only

terface telemetry sensors

ystem, as well as, the

voltage, the current,

ture, oil level

in

;the

quality power avail-

stomers. Also it is possibile

to

ther losses in tlhe

various other parameter:;

EFFECT OF

O ERLOAQING

CASE STUDY:

MA~NTENANCE~

F RURAL

TRANSFORMERS:

n transfor-

mers are part of all

The life

of

a power transformler

5 years. However,

in

actual

reality 30 of transformers in

India are getting

burnt within two

to

three years. This is due to

one of the following causes

1

Lack of adequateo l in the transformers.

2. Overloading of the transformers by drawing

moro than the stipulated power.

Pilferage and leakage are the

causes of drop

in thle level

of

transformer

oil.

Overload can

be due

to

unauthorised persons drawing

power from the transformers. Overload of

power and inadequate U causes overheating

beyond the tolerable limit. Thiscan cause the

burniing of transformer. For preventive and

corrective actions for healthy operation of

transformers it

is

now possible to integrate a

thermistor heat sensing sensor, as well as,

it

s

posslbie to put a sensor to indicate he level of

oil.

The output

of

these sensorswill generate electrical

voltages which can be transmitted through the

current communication networks to

a

central

monitoring office where an alarm of both visual

and audio can be activated. The maintenance staff,

as well

as

a computer system can automatically

switch off the input to the transformer. Hybrid

Communication Networks can access transformers

located in any part

of

the country. Currently,

ruggedised telemetry systems are available

indigenously (Developed by DRDO) which can be

Interfaced with the sensors and the Hybrid

Communlc~tlon

Networks can be made available

for on-line dataflow on the

performance and health

of

a trainsformer.

A

network of all power

transformerscan be integrated and the data can be

made to flow to a control port. By this on-line

continuous monitoring the follo,ving information

can be generated, riamely

1 OVerllDad is taking place

2. The normal timing when such

o

ierload takes

place.

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ether

the overload is a regular feature or

sporadic

~ o c ~ l i ~ yr area of the transformer

wh~chs ett tin^ OV@dWdded.

5. Timely actions to prevent and make

~ o~ rec~ i veteps by nearest ma i n ~@na n~ ~taff

through the use of information flow.

The current { n f ~ ~ a t ~ o ~echnology tools and

h ~ b ~ ~ d

o m ~ u n ~ ~ t ~ n

ystem will

provide a lot

of savings

in

the expenditure

in

replacement of

transformers and

also

get revenue from the per-

sons who are pilfering the power.

It is recommended that currently available

lntormation Technology Tools should be fully

usedl

for monitoring and control of power

d i s t r i ~ ~ ~ ~

systems. This cafls

for

Interfacing of telemet

systems,

Interne , mtcrowave finks and other

communication systems for o way traffk of

gathering information for monitoring and sending

information for controlling on a continuous on-line

basis. Currently used

manual

methods will not be

useful

for

prevention of damages to power

distribution transformers

as

the lime avaliable

Is

very

short.

Cornputorisation far contid and

monitoring

of

power dlstribution is essential from

now onwards.

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