8/10/2019 Information Technology For Monitoring and Control of Power Distribution
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OGY FOR ON
T0
RIN
OL OF
POWER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
SUMMARY
Information
role in every
monitoring and
and distribution
tion regarding
line interaction
areas of skills fctr
pump systems,
host of other such
in all countries
mation technolq
availability of
low
high level of
able.
Present paper
nology in monitoring
tribution.
INTRODUCTION:
India is a vast
power distributioti
used for supply
people, domestic:
etc.
n
the weslern
eastern countrie5,
less than 10%.
that the power
available to the
gin of 25 - 30%
BY
Dr
Y S N
Murty
Professor & Deanof Information Technology
Engineerhg :Staff College
of
lnclia
Visvesvaraya Bhavan, Khairatabad
HYDERABAD 4
Technology is going to play a malor
country in their industries;,
control of power generation
systems, gathering of informa-
ineeds of rural people and on-
to provide assistance
in
the
management
of
their electric
distribution transformers and ~
applications. 50 of activities
will be carried out through infor-
y. This Is due to the current
cost personal computer's and
appplied software which is avaii-
oiitlines role of information Tech-
and control of power dis-
country with
a
large number of
networks. These networks aro
of
power to industries, rural
consumers and street light ;
countries and the advanced
the power distribution loss i ;
In India, however, it was founcf
generated and the actual poweir
consumers is having
a loss
mar-
This loss is due to inefficient
transmission lines, pilferage and poor quality of
transformers etc. The country needs a huge in-
crease in the power for meeting the needs of the
growth
in
industry and agriculture. Power
saved
is power generated.
i f
we can reduce or prevent
the losses in the distribution system it is possible
to make more power available to the consumers.
For the purpose of reducing the power loss
the
root eauscf is required to be identified and
preventive
;and
corrective actions are taken. This
requires a continuous automatic monitoring
of
power generated and available at various dis-
tribution transformer points. For this purpose
voltage awl current sensors are required
t
be
provided alt
the
distribution transformers.
Using
telemetry the data on the power available at
each transformer can be continuously transmitted
through the satellite or fibre optic cable to
a
central cornmand and control port where one
can obtain the information on the actual power
generated and actual power available to the
consumers. From the continuous monitoring of
the data on supply, demand and availability of
power one can know the root cause of the ios-
ses
in
power distribution system. Based on this
information one can take remote control actions
of the power distribution system. It is also
pos
sible by proper switching systems to control
the availability of power at various distribution
transformers. We are aware that the life
of
the
distribution power line transformers is generally
10 - 15 yeairs whereas in reality we find that
30
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et
burnt in
2 3
years.
The
cause
of
this
s
ding of the transformer and
~a~n~enance.hermal sensors can
with the transformers and when the
transformer exceeds the
tolerable ~im~ts,u to~a~ ic~ t i o n ~an be initiated
for s w ~ t ~ h l n ~ff the power to the transformer
n
be
initiated. This ac-
mers from being
burnt
a lot of money currently being.spent
of t ransfo~er~.he ob-
per
is
to obtain the Wor-
the health of
the
transformer
to a central computer
c o n t r ~s y s te~which can take decisions and
sters and optimise the available
power for u~i6~satlony v a r i o ~ onsumers.
ER DlST
eve~opments have taken place In
the
~enera~~onnd transm~ssion of electrical
ower. ~~wever,h e v e ~ o ~ ~ e n t $n power
~lstr~butiony s t e ~ s n s ~ d e r a ~ ettention.
The d~stribution@ng~fleers responsible for ensur-
Ing
~ t l ~ a c t ~ o n
the consumer of
the
electricity
supply ~ n du s t ~ . he function of e l~c tri ci~y
is-
y available to each of
ntral bulk point. The
Is
essential to op-
to
each customer.
s
of
~ r k e t ~ n gnd
control of power d ~ s t r i ~ u ~ i o ~echni~u@save sig-
nificant drawba~ks n view of the large volume of
customers and ~istr~bu~ionf ~ower nd power
generation systems. ne of the key factors in
optim~sa~ion
f
func~i
of
power distr~b~tion
s
the dynamic data on the central pow~r
enerated and ~o wermade ava~~ableo
the
cus-
mers as per the current meters. It is ,found
s i ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ a n tismat
tomer. This ~@v@alsosses
b e ~ @ @ n
ower
powe~ ~ s t r ~ ~ ~ o n .s such
it
is
e c e s ~ a ~
o
~ ~ e n ~ ~ ~ yhe cause of pow^
loss
and
also hQw the
The demand for eiectrictty is increasing by leeps
and bounds thus calling for better distribution
sytems and quaNy
of
eiectrlclty supplied to
customers. Further the distribution system should
ensure uninterrupted availability, reliability and
maintainability
of
the standard of voltage and
frequency within the stipulated limits.
For
meeting
above needs of customers the power distribution
information should
be
available on-line
~ y ~ ~ i ~ i l
With
the monitoring infot-mation thus avabble the
data
can be
generated for assessing
the
extent
to
which the needs of the customers are met.
I N ~ O ~ ~ A ~ ~ O ~ECHNOLOGY TOOLS:
With the significant increase
in
the customers
of
both authorised and unauthorised categ
now become essential to use currently a ~ a ~ ~ ~ b l e
information technology tools to gather and forward
the information to a central control poht and
computer. Such information can
be
processed for
corrective and preventive actions and power load
management at various distribution points.
Since the advent of microprocessor around 1982,
the personal computers have made big Impact and
are now available in
c
suitable software the
PC be
made
part
and
parcel
of
any distribution system for optimisation
and effectiveness.
The g r ~ ~ i n gemand for electricity in terms
of
increasing growth rates and high densities make t
imperative that
the
distribution system should
be
capab~e of handling higher voltages, higher
cities, better control mechanism to ensure
e,continuous and better performance of
the
distrib~iQn ystem.
It
is also necessary to have
~n~orm~t iQnn
the
customer load distribution and
the pattern in which this distribution
s
changing
with more and more industries, agriculture, pump
s y ~ ~ e ~ s ,omestic consumers, street lighting etc.
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Monitoring an control of power distribution
system:
Over loading in
cause disruption
and also ci
power supplieij
degradation can
voltage, chango
more damages
consumers. Co
and also we call
theft and other
by automatic
led, programmalie
in
computers have made sig-
the last two decades and
used in the power industry
monitoring and control of
a
distribution system can
of power to the customelrs
use degradation in quality of
to the consumers. The
be In the way of drop of
in frequency, which can cause
Bo the electrical systems of the
*rective actions can be initiated
identify the root cause of the
losses. This Is now possibile
methods using software control-
computers.
and power actually made
ethods employed are only
terface telemetry sensors
ystem, as well as, the
voltage, the current,
ture, oil level
in
;the
quality power avail-
stomers. Also it is possibile
to
ther losses in tlhe
various other parameter:;
EFFECT OF
O ERLOAQING
CASE STUDY:
MA~NTENANCE~
F RURAL
TRANSFORMERS:
n transfor-
mers are part of all
The life
of
a power transformler
5 years. However,
in
actual
reality 30 of transformers in
India are getting
burnt within two
to
three years. This is due to
one of the following causes
1
Lack of adequateo l in the transformers.
2. Overloading of the transformers by drawing
moro than the stipulated power.
Pilferage and leakage are the
causes of drop
in thle level
of
transformer
oil.
Overload can
be due
to
unauthorised persons drawing
power from the transformers. Overload of
power and inadequate U causes overheating
beyond the tolerable limit. Thiscan cause the
burniing of transformer. For preventive and
corrective actions for healthy operation of
transformers it
is
now possible to integrate a
thermistor heat sensing sensor, as well as,
it
s
posslbie to put a sensor to indicate he level of
oil.
The output
of
these sensorswill generate electrical
voltages which can be transmitted through the
current communication networks to
a
central
monitoring office where an alarm of both visual
and audio can be activated. The maintenance staff,
as well
as
a computer system can automatically
switch off the input to the transformer. Hybrid
Communication Networks can access transformers
located in any part
of
the country. Currently,
ruggedised telemetry systems are available
indigenously (Developed by DRDO) which can be
Interfaced with the sensors and the Hybrid
Communlc~tlon
Networks can be made available
for on-line dataflow on the
performance and health
of
a trainsformer.
A
network of all power
transformerscan be integrated and the data can be
made to flow to a control port. By this on-line
continuous monitoring the follo,ving information
can be generated, riamely
1 OVerllDad is taking place
2. The normal timing when such
o
ierload takes
place.
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ether
the overload is a regular feature or
sporadic
~ o c ~ l i ~ yr area of the transformer
wh~chs ett tin^ OV@dWdded.
5. Timely actions to prevent and make
~ o~ rec~ i veteps by nearest ma i n ~@na n~ ~taff
through the use of information flow.
The current { n f ~ ~ a t ~ o ~echnology tools and
h ~ b ~ ~ d
o m ~ u n ~ ~ t ~ n
ystem will
provide a lot
of savings
in
the expenditure
in
replacement of
transformers and
also
get revenue from the per-
sons who are pilfering the power.
It is recommended that currently available
lntormation Technology Tools should be fully
usedl
for monitoring and control of power
d i s t r i ~ ~ ~ ~
systems. This cafls
for
Interfacing of telemet
systems,
Interne , mtcrowave finks and other
communication systems for o way traffk of
gathering information for monitoring and sending
information for controlling on a continuous on-line
basis. Currently used
manual
methods will not be
useful
for
prevention of damages to power
distribution transformers
as
the lime avaliable
Is
very
short.
Cornputorisation far contid and
monitoring
of
power dlstribution is essential from
now onwards.
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