Date post: | 05-Jul-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | gregoriorivera |
View: | 2,304 times |
Download: | 1 times |
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 1/22
:
BKW]DGVIIBDK
Ivjkgd fkifkgf`dy kvfyw}dy wfnfxbyd}fy. jqj}jwdy gf ydkbgd. id`qvwjgd}fy. fwi+ kdy idkfiwj`dy j nj}fg fnâiw}bij zvf kdy q}dqd}ibdkjk njy id`qjúàjy gf fnfiw}bibgjg+ Fywj fy vkj id}}bfkwf gfn wbqd jnwf}kj. fkfyqfiàhbid vkj id}}bfkwf yfkdbgjn qf}bùgbij+
J gbhf}fkibj gf nj id}}bfkwf gb}fiwj d idkwbkvj. nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj ij`mbj yv xjnd} idkywjkwf`fkwf idk fnwbf`qd+ R fywj xj}bjibùk nj ejif wdwjn`fkwf gbywbkwj j vkj id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj+
Fywvgbj}f`dy fk gfwjnnf nj hd}`j gf dkgj yfkdbgjn. fn xdnwjof. nj id}}bfkwf. h}fivfkibj r qdwfkibj+ R iù`dyf id`qd}wjk ndy fnf`fkwdy mêybidy fk id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. nj }fybywfkibj. fn ijqjibwd} r fn bkgviwd}+
Wj`mbâk yf bkxfywblj}j jnlvkdy bkyw}v`fkwdy `vr vwbnbjgdy qj}j `fgb} r }flbyw}j} xjnd}fy fk }fgfy gfIJ+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 2/22
=
ID]]BFKWF
Ivjkgd fywvgbj`dy Id}}bfkwf Idkwbkvj gfiàj`dy zvf nj id}}bfkwf fnâiw}bij yf gfyqnjj gfygf fn qdnd qdybwbxd gfn lfkf}jgd} jn kfljwbxd+
Hbl+:? Id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj
Fk fn fof ed}bdkwjn yf fuq}fyj fn wbf`qd r fk fn xf}wbijn nj
wfkybùk fk ijgj bkywjkwf. âywj id}}fyqdkgf j nj l}jhbij gfID]]BFKWF IDKWBKVJ. yb fn xjnd} gf nj wfkybùk fy idkywjkwfgv}jkwf wdgd fn wbf`qd+
Fk nj hblv}j = gbied xjnd} xj}àj j nd nj}ld gfn wbf`qd. qf}dkvkij yf ejif kfljwbxj+
Hbl+=? Id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj xj}bjmnf
Hbl+9? Id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj
Jed}j mbfk. fubywfk lfkf}jgd}fy fk ndy zvf nj qdnj}bgjg fywêidkywjkwf`fkwf ij`mbjkgd gf yblkd. qd} nd zvf fn yfkwbgd gf njid}}bfkwf xj}bj+ Gv}jkwf vk bkwf}xjnd gf wbf`qd fy qdybwbxj. r gfyfkwbgd idkw}j}bd fk fn bkwf}xjnd yblvbfkwf+
Nj id}}bfkwf fnâiw}bij fy fn `dxb`bfkwd gf fnfiw}dkfy nbm}fy j nd nj}ld gf vk idkgviwd} zvf fywê
idkfiwjgd j vk ib}ivbwd fk fn ivjn fubywf vkj gbhf}fkibj gf qdwfkibjn+
Nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj ib}ivnj gv}jkwf vk wbf`qd fk vk yfkwbgd r gfyqvây fk yfkwbgd dqvfywd. xdnxbâkgdyf j}fqfwb} fn `by`d q}difyd+
Fk wjkwd fubywj vkj gbhf}fkibj gf qdwfkibjn. hnvb}ê id}}bfkwf. ivjkgd nj gbhf}fkibj gf qdwfkibjn kd xj}àj. njid}}bfkwf h}vb}ê fk vkj ydnj gb}fiibùk. qd} nd zvf yf nf nnj`j id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj d gb}fiwj %II d IG"+
Fubywfk njy nnj`jgjy id}}bfkwfy jnwf}kjy Qf}bùgbijy? ydk jzvfnnjy fk njy zvf ndy xjnd}fy yf }fqbwfk ijgjibf}wd wbf`qd+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 3/22
9
Hd}`jy gf Dkg j Jnwf} kjy
Fk njy hblv}jy yf ̀ vfyw}jk jnlvkdy wbqdy gf id}}bfkwfy jnwf}kjy qf}bùgbijy+
}
Hd}`j gf Dkgj ]fiwjklvnj}
Hd}`j gf Dkgj W}bjklvnj}
Id}}bfkwf fk gbfkwf gf ybf}}j
Id}}bfkwf ybkvydbgjn
Fywj ÿnwb`d wbqd gf id}}bfkwf qf}bùgbij fy njzvf kdy nnflj j kvfyw}jy ijyjy r vyj`dy qj}jjnb`fkwj} nj Wfnfxbybùk. fn fzvbqd gf }jgbd. njnjxjgd}j. fn }fh}blf}jgd}. fwi+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 4/22
7
Yb kv ydb gf
Vkj ybkvydbgf fy vkj yfújn zvf }fyqdkgf j vkj gf njy yblvbfkwfy fivjibdkfy?
Gdkgf?J yf gfkd`bkj j`qnbwvg d xjnd} qbid gf nj ybkvydbgf qvnyjibùk d h}fivfkibj jklvnj} r êklvnd gf hjyf
Fn êklvnd gf hjyf yf `bgf fk l}jgdy d fk }jgbjkfy. r nj h}fivfkibj jklvnj} fk l}jgdy qd} yflvkgd d}jgbjkfy qd} yflvkgd+ Nj hvkibùk idyfkd kd fy `êy zvf nj hvkibùk yfkd gfyhjyjgj 21 l}jgdy+
Nj ybkvydbgf fy vkj hvkibùk qf}bùgbij. nd zvf yblkbhbij zvf vk xjnd} gfwf}`bkjgd yf }fqbwf gf hd}`jiàinbij ijgj W yflvkgdy+
NJ HD]@J GF DKGJ
Xjnd} bkywjkwêkfd? `jlkbwvg gf vkj hd}`j gf dkgj fk jnlÿk bkywjkwf+J`qnbwvg %J"? Xjnd} `êub`d nj hd}`j gf dkgjXjnd} qbid %Xq"? Xjnd} `êub`d bkywjkwêkfd gf vkj hvkibùk `fgbgd j qj}wb} gfn kbxfn gf if}d xdnwy+Xjnd} qbid j qbid %Xqq"? Fy fn xdnwjof id`qnfwd fkw}f ndy qbidy kfljwbxdy r qdybwbxdy gf nj hd}`j gf
dkgj. d yfj. nj yv`j gf nj `jlkbwvg gf ndy qbidy qdybwbxd r kfljwbxd+
Ibind? Vk ibind fy nj qj}wf gf vkj dkgj zvf yf }fqbwf. r zvf idkywj gf vk ibind qdybwbxd r vkd kfljwbxd+ Jvk ibind gf dkgj wj`mbâk yf nf gfkd`bkj hd}`j gf dkgj %fk bklnây. |jxfhd}`"+
Qf}bdgd %W"? Jn wbf`qd zvf gv}j vk ibind yf nf gfkd`bkj qf}bdgd. r fy nd dqvfywd gf nj h}fivfkibj. r yf`bgf fk yflvkgdy qd} ibind. jvkzvf kd}`jn`fkwf yf ydm}ffkwbfkgf fn ibind r yf ejmnj yùnd gf ndy yflvkgdy+
H}fivfkibj %h"? Dw}j qj}ê`fw}d gf vkj dkgj fy yv h}fivfkibj. zvf fy fn kÿ`f}d gf ibindy zvf yvifgfk fkvk yflvkgd+ Yf `bgf fk Ef}ibdy+
Xjnd} fhbij %}`y"? Yf nnj`j xjnd} fhbij. jn xjnd} zvf wfkg}àj vkj id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj zvf q}dgvof}j nj`by`j qdwfkibj zvf gbiej id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. fk vkj }fybywfkibj+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 5/22
Gjgd zvf nj h}fivfkibj r fn qf}bdgd fywêk bkxf}yj`fkwf }fnjibdkjgdy fy qdybmnf }fnjibdkj}ndy `fgbjkwf njyblvbfkwf hù}`vnj?
Nj hd}`j gf dkgj yfkdbgjn fy gf qj}wbivnj} b`qd}wjkibj gjgd zvf yf q}fywj hêibn`fkwf qj}j iênivndy`jwf`êwbidy r ndy hfkù`fkdy hàybidy jydibjgdy idk ndy ib}ivbwdy fnâiw}bidy+
Nj h d}`j gf dkg j yfkdb g jn f y n j ÿkbij h d}`j gf dkg j jnwf} kj ivrd jyqfiw d kd yf xf j hfiw jg d qd} n jy ij}jiwf}àyw bijy gf } f yqvf yw j gf n dy fnf`fkw dy ]f yb ywfkib j. Mdmb kj r I dkgfk yjg d}+
Nj vkbgjg gf `fgbgj fk fn fof ed}bdkwjn fy fn l}jgd d fn }jgbjk %}jg"+ Fywf ÿnwb`d yf gfhbkf `fgbjkwf vkivjg}jkwf gf vk ib}ivnd. gdkgf nj gbywjkibj ydm}f nj ib}ivkhf}fkibj fy blvjn jn }jgbd gfn ib}ivnd+
Fubywfk = }jgbjkfy jn}fgfgd} gf vk ià}ivnd gf 981±+
Xj}bjy hd}`vnjy fnâiw}bijy idkwbfkfk vk `ÿnwbqnd gf + Qd} fyd fk dijybdkfy fy q}fhf}bmnf `fgb} jklvndyfk }jgbjkfy fk xf gf l}jgdy+
Nj fivjibùk gf idkxf}ybùk fkw}f njy gdy fy nj yblvbfkwf?
Nj xfndibgjg idk zvf }dwj fn xfiwd} }jgbjn %}" ydm}f fn ifkw}d. yf nnj`j xfndibgjg jklvnj} r yf gfwf}`bkj j qj}wb} gf nj yblvbfkwf fivjibùk?
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 6/22
8
Fkwdkify wfkf`dy zvf
0
Fn wbf`qd fk gj} vkj xvfnwj id`qnfwj j nj ib}ivkhf}fkibj fy blvjn j vk qf}bdgd W+ Ndy }jgbjkfy jnid`qnfwj} fn lb}d ydk =+ Yb yvywbwvb`dy wfkf`dy?
%}jg$y"
Gf jzvà fywjmnfib`dy zvf `bfkw}jy `êy qfzvfúd yfj fn qf}bdgd. `jrd} yf}ê nj xfndibgjg jklvnj} gfnxfiwd} }jgbjn fk }dwjibùk+
Yjmf`dy zvf nj h}fivfkibj fy bkxf}yj`fkwf q}dqd}ibdkjn j qf}bdgd + Fkwdkify yb yvywbwvb`dy?
Jyà zvfgj inj}d zvf `bfkw}jy `jrd} yfj nj h}fivfkibj. `jrd} yf}ê nj xfndibgjg jklvnj}+
X DNWJOF R ID]]BFKWF Y FKDBGJN
Fn hd}`jwd lfkf}jn gf vkj hd}`j yfkdbgjn yf fyi}bmf id`d?
J` yfk %
idk
id`d nj vkbgjg gf `fgbibùk ed}bdkwjn+
Qj}j ijkwbgjgfy fnâiw}bijy id`d nj id}}bfkwf r fn xdnwjof. nj hd}`j lfkf}jn fy?
Gdkgf?
}fq}fyfkwjk fn xjnd} bkywjkwêkfd gf id}}bfkwf r xdnwjof+
r }fq}fyfkwjk fn xjnd} `êub`d gf id}}bfkwf r xdnwjof+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 7/22
<
]FNJIBÙK GF H J Y F Y
Yb xf`dy nj hblv}j jkwf}bd} kdy gj`dy ivfkwj zvf nj hd}`j gf dkgj gfn xdnwjof r gf nj id}}bfkwfid`bfkjk fk fn `by`d qvkwd. fywd zvbf}f gfib} zvf fywêk fk hjyf. d yfj idk vkj gbhf}fkibj gf if}d l}jgdy vkd}fyqfiwd jn dw}d+
Nj h}jiibùk gf ibind zvf ej w}jkyiv}}bgd gfygf zvf vkj id}}bfkwf d xdnwjof ej qjyjgd qd} vk gfwf}`bkjgd
qvkwd gf }fhf}fkibj %lfkf}jn`fkwf fk fn id`bfkd d 1±" yf gfkd`bkj êklvnd gf gfyhjyf+H}fivfkwf`fkwf. fn wf}`bkd gbhf}fkibj gf hjyf yf vyj qj}j id`qj}j} xdnwjofy d id}}bfkwfy gf nj `by`j
h}fivfkibj. zvf qjyjk qd} yvy qvkwdy if}d r `êub`d j gbhf}fkwfy xjnd}fy gf wbf`qd+
Yb vkj gf njy hd}`jy gf dkgj yf gfyqnjj gfygf fn qvkwd gf }fhf}fkibj nj hd}`vnj. gf fyj hd}`j gf dkgj.zvfgj?
qj}j fn ijyd gfn xdnwjof
fk fn ijyd gf nj id}}bfkwf
gdkgf }fq}fyfkwj fn êklvnd gf gfyhjyf%fk l}jgdy d }jgbjkfy" idk }fyqfiwd gf if}d l}jgdy+
Hblv}j J" Xdnwjof r Id}}bfkwf fk Hjyf
M" Xdnwjof r Id}}bfkwf gfyhjyf gf 21¿I" Xdnwjof r Id}}bfkwf gfyhjyf gf :51 ¿
Yb fn êklvnd gf hjyf fy qdybwbxd zvbf}f gfib} zvf nj hd}`j gf dkgj fywj jgfnjkwjgj+ Yb fn êklvnd fykfljwbxd nj hd}`j gf dkgj id`bfkj gfyqvây gf kvfyw}d qvkwd }fhf}fkibj+
Nj }fnjibùk gf hjyf fkw}f gdy hd}`jy gf dkgj bkgbij ivên gf âywjy yf jgfnjkwj d }fw}jyj idk }fyqfiwd j nj
dw}j. r qd} ivjkwdy l}jgdy d }jgbjkfy+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 8/22
5
X JND] F H FIWB X D D ]@ Y
Qj}j yjmf} ivjn fy xjnd} fhfiwbxd gf vk xdnwjof d id}}bfkwf jnwf}kdy. id`qj}j`dy ndy fhfiwdy hàybidy gf njid}}bfkwf gb}fiwj r ndy gf nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. id`d qd} fof`qnd fn ijnd} zvf q}dgvifk %fk vkj }fybywfkibj" r mvyij} ivên fy nj bkwfkybgjg gf nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj zvf q}dgvif fn `by`d fhfiwd. fy gfib}. nj `by`j ijkwbgjg gfijnd} zvf vkj bkwfkybgjg gf id}}bfkwf gb}fiwj
Fn xjnd} fhfiwbxd gf vkj dkgj jnwf}kj yf gfwf}`bkj `vnwbqnbijkgd yv xjnd} `êub`d %xjnd} qbid" qd}
Fkwdkify?
X]@Y 0 XQ u ù X]@Y 0 XQ u 1+<1<
Gfygf fywj hù}`vnj gfgvib`dy zvf?
Xq 0 X]@Y u
Gfyqvây gf jkjnbjgjy njy dkgjy yfkdbgjnfy gf ij qdgf`dy }ffyi}bmb} njy hd}`vnjy gfn xdnwjof rid}}bfkwfy yfkdbgjnfy jnwf}kjy idk `jrd} fujiwbwvg+ Fkwdkify?
Fn xdnwjof jnwf}kd zvfgj gfhbkbgd id`d yblvf?
R nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj gfhbkbgj gf nj yblvbfkwf `jkf}j?
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 9/22
2
ID@QD]WJ@BFKWD GF ND Y FNF@FKWD Y MÊ Y BID Y FK ID]]BFKWF JNWF]KJ
Vk ib}ivbwd gf id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj idkywj gf vkj id`mbkjibùk gf fnf`fkwdy %}fybywfkibjy. ijqjibgjgfy rjvwdbkgviibdkfy" r vk lfkf}jgd} zvf yv`bkbyw}j nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj+
Qj}j jkjnbj} ndy ib}ivbwdy gf id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj yf vwbnbj vk q}difgb`bfkwd lfd`âw}bid gfkd`bkjgd gf
xfiwd}fy }dwjwd}bdy r dw}d. zvf f`qnfj jnlfm}j id`qnfoj+
]fybywd}
Fk vk ib}ivbwd gf id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. ejywj h}fivfkibjy gf vkdy ibfkwdy gf cbndef}w. nj }fybywfkibj kd fyjhfiwjgj qd} nj h}fivfkibj gfn xdnwjof d nj id}}bfkwf jqnbijgdy+
Fywdy ydk ndy ÿkbidy fnf`fkwdy qjybxdy qj}j ndy ivjnfy nj }fyqvfywj fy nj `by`j wjkwd qj}j id}}bfkwfjnwf}kj id`d qj}j id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj+ Qd} nd wjkwd yf qdg}ê jqnbij} nj nfr gf De`+ Yfj?
gdkgf fy fn xdnwjof gfn fnf`fkwd
Fkwdkify?
Fk vkj }fybywfkibj nj wfkybùk r nj id}}bfkwf fywêk fk hjyf+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 10/22
:1
Ijqjibwd}
Jn jqnbij} xdnwjof jnwf}kd j vk ijqjibwd}. âywf q}fyfkwj vkj dqdybibùk jn qjyd gf nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. fnxjnd} gf fywj dqdybibùk yf nnj`j }fjiwjkibj ijqjibwbxj+
xi
i 0 I/
i 0 i 0
idk nj nfr gf De`+
gdkgf?Ui fy }fjiwjkibj ijqjibwbxj fk De`I fy nj ijqjibwjkibj fk Hj}jgbdyh fy nj h}fivfkibj fk ef}
Nj id}}bfkwf gf vk ijqjibwd} fywê }fnjibdkjgj gb}fiwj`fkwf idk nj h}fivfkibj r idk nj ijqjibwjkibj gfnijqjibwd}+
Fk vk ijqjibwd} fn êklvnd gf gfyhjyf gf nj id}}bfkwf fy gf 21¿. nd zvf zvbf}f gfib} zvf fywê 21¿ jgfnjkwjgjidk }fyqfiwd gfn xdnwjof+
Nj }fjiwjkibj ijqjibwbxj fy nj zvf q}dgvif fn gfyhjyf. UI 0 -21±
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 11/22
::
Bkgviwd}
Nj mdmbkj id`d nj }fybywfkibj yf dqdkf jn hnvod gf nj id}}bfkwf. fn xjnd} gf fywj dqdybibùk yf nnj`j}fjiwjkibj bkgviwbxj r yf qvfgf ijnivnj} idk nj nfr gf De`?
N 0 N
N 0 N N 0
idk nj nfr gf De`
gdkgf?
Un fy }fjiwjkibj bkgviwbxj fk De`N fy bkgviwjkibj fk Efk}bdyh fy nj h}fivfkibj
Fn xdnwjof gfn bkgviwd} fywê }fnjibdkjgd gb}fiwj`fkwf idk nj h}fivfkibj r nj }fjiwjkibj bkgviwbxj+Fk vk bkgviwd} fn êklvnd gf gfyhjyf gfn xdnwjof fy gf 21¿. nd zvf zvbf}f gfib} zvf fywê 21¿ jgfnjkwjgd idk
}fyqfiwd j nj id}}bfkwf+
Nj }fjiwjkibj bkgviwbxj fy nj zvf q}dgvif fn gfyhjyf. UN 0 21±
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 12/22
:=
H J Y D]F Y
Vkj hd}`j dkgj yfkdbgjn qvfgf }fq}fyfkwj}yf gf hd}`j qdnj}. id`d `vfyw}j nj hblv}j+
]fybywd} Fk fn ijyd gf vk }fybywd} fn xdnwjof r nj id}}bfkwf kd wbfkfk gfyhjyf?
Ijqjibwd}
Ui -21±
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 13/22
:9
B@QFGJKIBJ
Nj }fybywfkibj fy fn xjnd} gf dqdybibùk jn qjyd gf nj id}}bfkwf zvf wbfkf fn }fybywd} d }fybywfkibj+Fk fn ijyd gf vk }fybywd} fn xdnwjof r nj id}}bfkwf kd wbfkfk gfyhjyf?
Nj }fjiwjkibj fy fn xjnd} gf nj dqdybibùk jn qjyd gf nj id}}bfkwf. ydnd id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. zvf wbfkfk ndyidkgfkyjgd}fy r ndy bkgviwd}fy+
Ijqjibwd}
Ui -21±
Bkgviwd}
Un 21±
Ivjkgd fk vk `by`d ib}ivbwd yf wbfkfk fywdy fnf`fkwdy id`mbkjgdy %}fybywfkibjy. idkgfkyjgd}fy r mdmbkjy" r qd} fnnjy ib}ivnj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj nj dqdybibùk gf fywf idkovkwd gf fnf`fkwdy jn qjyd gf nj id}}bfkwfjnwf}kj yf nnj`j b`qfgjkibj+
Nj b`qfgjkibj wbfkf vkbgjgfy gf De`y+ R fy nj yv`j gf vkj id`qdkfkwf }fybywbxj r vkj id`qdkfkwf}fjiwbxj+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 14/22
:7
Gdkgf?
_ fy nj b`qfgjkibj] fy }fybywfkibjU fy nj }fjiwjkibj
o kdy bkgbij zvf U fy vk kÿ`f}d b`jlbkj}bd
Qd} nd wjkwd nj hd}`vnj gf b`qfgjkibj kd fy vkj yv`j gb}fiwj. qvfy ydk hjyd}fy+Fn gfyhjyf zvf dh}fif vk mdmbkj r vk idkgfkyjgd} ydk dqvfywdy. r yb fywdy nnflj}jk j yf} gf nj `by`j
`jlkbwvg. yf ijkifnj}àjk r nj b`qfgjkibj wdwjn gfn ib}ivbwd yf}àj blvjn jn xjnd} gf nj }fybywfkibj+Nj hù}`vnj jkwf}bd} yf l}jhbij id`d yf `vfyw}j fk nj hblv}j
Njy }fjiwjkibjy yf }fq}fyfkwjk fk fof R %fn fof b`jlbkj}bd" qvgbfkgd gb}blb}yf qj}j j}}bmj d qj}j jmjod.gfqfkgbfkgd gf yb fy `jrd} nj bkhnvfkibj gf nj mdmbkj d nj gfn idkgfkyjgd}+
Njy }fybywfkibjy yf `vfyw}jk fk fn fof U+Fn xjnd} gf nj b`qfgjkibj _ yf}ê?
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 15/22
:6
IDKGVIWJKIBJ
Fn wf}`bkd idkgviwjkibj fy idkw}j}bd jn gf }fybywfkibj. fy nj kd dqdybibùk jn qjyd gf nj id}}bfkwf+Nj vkbgjg gf `fgbibùk fy fn Ybf`fky+
Fk id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj nj Idkgviwjkibj yf q}fyfkwj id`d Jg`bwjkibj. }fq}fyfkwjgj idk nj nfw}j ¹R·. qdyfffn `by`d xjnd} fk `jlkbwvg zvf nj idkgviwjkibj+
Fk vkj id}}bfkwf fnâiw}bij. fy nj qj}wf }fjn gf nj jg`bwjkibj+
QDWFKIBJ
Nj xf}gjgf}j qdwfkibj idkyv`bgj gfqfkgf}ê fk fywf ijyd gf nj gbhf}fkibj gf êklvnd fkw}f fn xdnwjof r njid}}bfkwf+
Nj qdwfkibj q}d`fgbd
Gdkgf fy nj gbhf}fkibj gfn êklvnd gf hjyf fkw}f x f b
Fn xjn d} gf n j qdwfkib j q}d`fg b d fkw } fl jg j f y b kgf qfkg b fkwf gf yb x jgfn jkw j j b d b jgfn jkw j j x
Wj`mbâk qdgf`dy fyi}bmb}?
fhfiwbxd fhfiwbxd
Fk vk ijqjibwd} d fk vk bkgviwd} nj qdwfkibj fy if}d rj zvf fn gfyhjyf fkw}f xdnwjof r id}}bfkwf fy gfº21±. r fn idy %º21±" fy if}d+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 16/22
:8
H JIWD] GF QDWFKIBJ
Fk nj fivjibùk gf qdwfkibj fn hjiwd} zvf wbfkf idkw}dn b`qd}wjkwf ydm}f fn kbxfn gf qdwfkibj fy + Ybk
b`qd}wj} ndy xjnd}fy fhfiwbxdy gf xdnwjof d id}}bfkwf yb fy if}d nj qdwfkibj fy if}d. yb fy vkd nj qdwfkibj fkw}fljgj fy `êub`j+ Rj zvf fy gf yv`j }fnfxjkibj fywf hjiwd} hvf gfkd`bkjgj hjiwd} gf qdwfkibj r yfgfhbkf id`d yblvf?
@ b fkw }jy `êy } f yb yw b xj yfj n j b ̀ qfg jkib j w dw jn . `êy if} ijkd yf}ê fn h jiw d} gf qdwfkib j j :3 `b fkw }jy `jy } fjiw b xj yf n j b ̀ qfg jkib j w dw jn . `êy if} ijkd yf}ê fn h jiw d} gf qdwfkib j j if}d+
Fkwdkify fn hjiwd} gf qdwfkibj yf gfwf}`bkj?
Njy } fgf y gf qdwfkib j ijqjib w b xjy w b fkfk h jiw d} f y gf qdwfkib j jgfn jkw jg dy r n jy } fgf y b kgviw b xjy w b fkfk h jiw d} f y gf qdwfkib j jw }jyjg dy+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 17/22
:<
BK Y W]V@FKWD Y GF @FGBIBDK
DYIBNDYIDQBD
Fn dyibndyidqbd fy vk bkyw}v`fkwd `vr ÿwbn qj}j }fjnbj} `fgbibdkfy wjkwd JI id`d GI+ Qf}`bwf
xbyvjnbj} njy hd}`jy gf njy dkgjy zvf yf q}fyfkwjk fk vk ib}ivbwd+ Fywf bkyw}v`fkwd mêybij`fkwf w}jj njj`qnbwvg gf nj hd}`j gf dkgj idkw}j fn wbf`qd fk vk wvmd gf }jrdy ijwùgbidy+
Qj}j zvf nj yfújn yf q}fyfkwf fywêwbij fk nj qjkwjnnj. âywj fy w}jjgj xj}bj xfify qd} yflvkgd. jyà qj}fifidkwbkvj fk fn wbf`qd+
Jn qdgf} xbyvjnbj} nj yfújn. fy qdybmnf?- Xf} nj j`qnbwvg gf nj yfújn %xjnd}fy qbid"+ Yf ijnivnj idk njy gbxbybdkfy fk yfkwbgd xf}wbijn gf nj qjkwjnnj gfnW]I- Dmwfkf} nj h}fivfkibj+ Yf ijnivnj idk njy gbxbybdkfy fk yfkwbgd ed}bdkwjn gf nj qjkwjnnj+- Idkhb}`j} d kd yb fy nj yfújn fyqf}jgj fk fn qvkwd gdkgf yf `bgf+
Fk vkj `fgbibùk gf vkj yfújn fk GI. fn `vnwb`fw}d qdg}àj idkybgf}j}yf fn fzvbqd gf `fgbibùk q}fhf}bgd.
qf}d fywj `fgbibùk ij}fif}àj gf bkhd}`jibùk id`d fn }bjgd. yb fywf fubywbf}j+Fn dyibndyidqbd gf nj hblv}j fy gf gdy ijkjnfy?
Ejr dyibndyidqbdy `êy `dgf}kdy. gf `êy ijkjnfy. gblbwjnfy. idk `viejy ij}jiwf}àywbijy `êy. qf}d fkfyfkibj wdgdy wbfkfk fn `by`d dmofwbxd r q}bkibqbd+
Ndy dyibndyidqbdy kd}`jn`fkwf wbfkfk gbxbgbgj nj qjkwjnnj fk 5 gbxbybdkfy xf}wbijn`fkwf %fof R" r nj`fgbibùk yf ejif fk xdnw %X+" r :1 gbxbybdkfy ed}bdkwjn`fkwf %fof U" r nj `fgbibùk yf ejif fk yflvkgdy+
Fy idkxfkbfkwf fywjmnfif} fk nj qjkwjnnj gfn dyibndyidqbd fn kbxfn gf if}d xdnwbdy. fk nj nàkfj ed}bdkwjnifkw}jn+ Fywj vmbijibùk gbxbgf nj qjkwjnnj fk vkj qj}wf yvqf}bd} r vkj bkhf}bd}. qf}`bwbfkgd xbyvjnbj} wjkwdxjnd}fy qdybwbxdy id`d kfljwbxdy+ Ejibâkgdnd gf fywj `jkf}j wj`mbâk kdy jyflv}j`dy zvf nj yfújn yf qvfgjxbyvjnbj} idk nj `fod} fujiwbwvg qdybmnf+
Qjkwjnnj gf vk Dyibndyidqbd
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 18/22
:5
@VNWB@FW]D
Fywf bkyw}v`fkwd gf `fgbibùk `vr idkdibgd id`d XD@ %Xdnwbdy. De`bdy. @bnbj`qf}à`fw}d". jvkzvffk nj jiwvjnbgjg ejr `vnwà`fw}dy idk ijqjibgjg gf `fgb} `viejy dw}jy `jlkbwvgfy id`d nj ijqjibwjkibj.h}fivfkibj. wf`qf}jwv}j. fwi+"+
Fywf bkyw}v`fkwd gf `fgbgj qd} yv q}fibd r yv fujiwbwvg yblvf ybfkgd fn `êy vyjgd fk fnfiw}ùkbij+
@fgb} wfkybùk. id}}bfkwf r }fybywfkibj $ b`qfgjkibj fk id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj
Id`d `fgb} Wfkybùk fk i+j+
@fgb} fk id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj fy blvjn gf hêibn zvf ejif} njy `fgbibdkfy fk ig+Yf yfnfiibdkj. fk fn `vnwb`fw}d nj vkbgjg xdnwy fk JI+Id`d yf fywê `bgbfkgd fk id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. fy bkgbhf}fkwf nj qdybibùk gfn ijmnf kfl}d r fn }dod+Yf yfnfiibdkj nj fyijnj. yb kd yf yjmf zvâ xjnd} yf `fgb}ê fnflb} nj `êy jnwj+Yf idkfiwj fn `vnwà`fw}d j ndy fuw}f`dy gfn id`qdkfkwf. fk qj}jnfnd. r yf dmwbfkf nj nfiwv}j fk nj
qjkwjnnj+Nj nfiwv}j dmwfkbgj fy fn xjnd} ]@Y d fhfiwbxd gf nj wfkybùk+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 19/22
:2
@fgb} id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj
Yf yfnfiibdkj. fk fn `vnwà`fw}d zvf fywf`dy vwbnbjkgd. nj vkbgjg id}}bfkwf fk JI+ Id`d yf fywê`bgbfkgd fk id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj. fy bkgbhf}fkwf nj qdybibùk gfn ijmnf kfl}d r fn }dod+
Yf yfnfiibdkj nj fyijnj. yb kd yf yjmf zvâ xjnd} yf `fgb}ê fnflb} nj `êy jnwj+Qj}j `fgb} vkj id}}bfkwf idk fn `vnwà`fw}d. âywf wbfkf zvf vmbij}yf fk fn qjyd gf
nj id}}bfkwf zvf yf gfyfj `fgb}+ Qj}j fywd yf jm}f fn ib}ivbwd fk fn nvlj} gdkgf qjyj njid}}bfkwf j `fgb} r idkfiwj`dy fn `vnwà`fw}d+ Nd qdkf`dy fk yf}bf+
Fk jnlvkjy dijybdkfy kd fy qdybmnf jm}b} fn ib}ivbwd qj}j idndij} fn j`qf}à`fw}d+Fk fywdy ijydy. yb yf gfyfj jxf}blvj} nj id}}bfkwf zvf qjyj qd} vk fnf`fkwd. yf vwbnbj nj
nfr gf De`+Yf `bgf nj wfkybùk zvf ejr fkw}f ndy wf}`bkjnfy gfn fnf`fkwd qd} fn ivjn qjyj nj id}}bfkwf zvfyf gfyfj jxf}blvj} r gfyqvây. idk nj jrvgj gf nj Nfr gf De`. yf dmwbfkf nj id}}bfkwf %B 0 X $ ]"+
Dw}j dqibùk fy vwbnbj} vk j`qf}à`fw}d gf ijkgjgd. zvf qf}`bwf dmwfkf} nj id}}bfkwf zvf qjyj qd} vkib}ivbwd ybk jm}b}nd+ Fywf gbyqdybwbxd. id`d yv kd`m}f nd bkgbij. wbfkf vkj fyqfibf gf ijkgjgd fk yv fuw}f`d zvfyf idndij jn}fgfgd} gfn idkgviwd} qd} gdkgf qjyj nj id}}bfkwf r `bgf fn ij`qd `jlkâwbid jn}fgfgd} gf ân+ Fywj`fgbibùk fy gb}fiwj`fkwf q}dqd}ibdkjn j nj id}}bfkwf zvf ib}ivnj qd} fn idkgviwd}
Fn xjnd} dmwfkbgd qd} fywf wbqd gf `fgbibùk fy ]@Y d fhfiwbxd gf nj id}}bfkwf+
Id`d `fgb} vkj ]fybywfkibj $ B`qfgjkibj fk i+j+
Fywj `fgbibùk fy blvjn j nj zvf yf }fjnbj fk GI+Yf yfnfiibdkj nj fyijnj gf De`+Qj}j `fgb} vkj }fybywfkibj idk fn `vnwà`fw}d. âywf yf vmbij idk njy qvkwjy fk ndy fuw}f`dy gfn fnf`fkwd j
`fgb}. fk qj}jnfnd. r yf dmwbfkf nj nfiwv}j fk nj qjkwjnnj+ Nd bgfjn fy zvf fn fnf`fkwd j `fgb} %vkj }fybywfkibj fkfywf ijyd" kd fywâ jnb`fkwjgd qd} kbklvkj hvfkwf gf qdgf}+ Fn de`à`fw}d ejif ib}ivnj} vkj id}}bfkwf B qd} nj}fybywfkibj qj}j qdgf} dmwfkf} fn xjnd} gf nj âywj+
Vk ijyd `êy lfkf}jn fy ivjkgd yf gfyfj `fgb} vkj b`qfgjkibj %_". rj yfj fywj bkgviwbxj d ijqjibwbxj+
Ejr jnlvkdy `vnwà`fw}dy zvf qf}`bwfk `fgb} fywdy xjnd}fy. qf}d fk ijyd gf kd wfkf}nd. nj id}}bfkwf fk vkjb`qfgjkibj yf qvfgf dmwfkf} idk jrvgj gf nj nfr gf De`+ _ 0 X $ B. gdkgf X f B ydk xjnd}fy ]@Y+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 20/22
=1
LFKF]JGD] GF YFÚJNFY
Vk lfkf}jgd} gf yfújnfy fy vk bkyw}v`fkwd zvf q}dqd}ibdkj yfújnfy fnâiw}bijy+ Fkidki}fwd. yf vwbnbj qj}j dmwfkf} yfújnfy qf}bùgbijy idkw}dnjkgd yv qf}bdgd r yv j`qnbwvg+
Wàqbij`fkwf. lfkf}j yfújnfy gf hd}`j ivjg}jgj. w}bjklvnj} r nj ybkvydbgjn. zvf fy nj `êy
vyjgj+ Yvy `jkgdy gf idkw}dn `êy b`qd}wjkwfy ydk?
:+ Yfnfiwd} gf hvkibdkfy+ Idkw}dnj nj hd}`j gf dkgj gf nj yfújn gf yjnbgj+ Qvfgf yf} w}bjklvnj}. ivjg}jgj.yfkdbgjn. fwi+
=+ Yfnfiwd} gf }jkld+ Yfnfiibdkj fn }jkld d `j}lfk gf h}fivfkibjy gf w}jmjod gf nj yfújn gf yjnbgj+ Yvxjnd} xj gfwf}`bkjgd fk gâijgjy+
9+ Idkw}dn gf h}fivfkibj+ ]flvnj nj h}fivfkibj gf yjnbgj gfkw}d gfn `j}lfk yfnfiibdkjgd `fgbjkwf fnyfnfiwd} gf }jkld+ Nj nfiwv}j gf nj h}fivfkibj fk fn `jkgd }dwjwd}bd fy wjk yùnd bkgbijwbxj+ Nj `fgbgj gf wjn
`jlkbwvg gfmf }fjnbj}yf ybf`q}f fk fn dyibndyidqbd+7+ Idkw}dn gf j`qnbwvg + @jkgd zvf }flvnj nj j`qnbwvg gf nj yfújn gf yjnbgj+ Nj j`qnbwvg gfmf `fgb}yf
fk fn dyibndyidqbd+6+ GI dhhyfw + ]flvnj nj wfkybùk idkwbkvj gf yjnbgj zvf yf yvqf}qdkf j nj yfújn xj}bjmnf fk fn wbf`qd gf
yjnbgj+8 + Jwfkvjgd} gf =1gM+ Dh}fif nj qdybmbnbgjg gf jwfkvj} nj yfújn gf yjnbgj =1 gM %:11 xfify" ydm}f nj
j`qnbwvg yfnfiibdkjgj idk fn idkw}dn kv`f}d 7+< + Yjnbgj 811de`+ Idkfiwd} gf yjnbgj zvf fkw}flj nj yfújn fnflbgj idk vkj b`qfgjkibj gf 811 de`bdy+5+ Yjnbgj WWN+ Fkw}flj vkj idkyfivibùk gf qvnydy WWN %1 - 6X" idk nj `by`j h}fivfkibj zvf nj yfújn gf
yjnbgj+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 21/22
=:
IDKNV Y BDKF Y
Jn yf} vkj dkgj yfkdbgjn. fn xdnwjof r nj id}}bfkwf. xjk gf qdybwbxd j kfljwbxd+ Jn kd wfkf} vk xjnd} hbod gfxdnwjof d id}}bfkwf. fn xjnd} `êub`d d j`qnbwvg kd fy fn xjnd} fhfiwbxd gf id}}bfkwf d xdnwjof+ Fn xjnd} fhfiwbxd fy
vk xjnd} `êy mjod zvf fn xjnd} qbid+
Nj id}}bfkwf jnwf}kj wj`mbâk yf }blf qd} nfrfy id`d nj nfr gf De`+
Nj }fybywfkibj yf id`qd}wj gf nj `by`j hd}`j zvf fk vkj id}}bfkwf idkwbkvj. ybk f`mj}ld fnidkgfkyjgd} ejif zvf nj id}}bfkwf yf jgfnjkwf 21 l}jgdy idk }fyqfiwd jn xdnwjof r fn bkgviwd} q}dgvif vkjgfnjkwj`bfkwd gfn xdnwjof 21 l}jgdy idk }fyqfiwd gf nj id}}bfkwf+
Fk vk ib}ivbwd gf ij fubywfk }fybywd}fy. bkgviwd}fy r ijqjibwd}fy+ Nj dqdybibùk zvf fubywf jn qjyd gf njid}}bfkwf fk vk ib}ivbwd gf ij yf nnj`j b`qfgjkibj r fy fn yv`j gf nj }fybywfkibj `êy njy }fjiwjkibjy+
Nj qdwfkibj fk ij fy gbywbkwj zvf fk ii+ Nj qdwfkibj fy nj `vnwbqnbijibùk gfn xdnwjof idk nj id}}bfkwf r fnidyfkd gfn êklvnd fkw}f fnndy+ Fk vk ijqjibwd} fn êklvnd gf gfyhjyf fy gf 21± qd} nd wjkwd nj qdwfkibj gbybqjgj fyif}d. nd `by`d div}}f fk vk bkgviwd}+
Fn dyibndyidqbd fy `vr ÿwbn. jgf`êy gf gj}kdy xjnd}fy qbidy qdgf`dy xf} nj hd}`j gf dkgj r ijnivnj} h}fivfkibjy+ Idyj zvf kd yf qvfgf }fjnbj} idk vk @vnwb`fw}d rj zvf fywf ydnd kdy gj xjnd}fy ]@Y d fhfiwbxdy+
Idk fn lfkf}jgd} gf yfújnfy qdgf`dy i}fj} hd}`jy gf dkgj gf gbywbkwdy wbqdy. jovywj} xjnd}fy gf xdnwjof rgf h}fivfkibj+
5/6/2018 Informe Corriente Alterna - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-corriente-alterna 22/22
==
Mb mn b d l }j h àj
Qjlbkjy fk bkwf}kfw
r ewwq?$$|||+vkbi}d`+id`
r ewwq?$$|||+yi+fev+fyr ewwq?$$|||+`dknjv+fy
Nbm}dy Fyqfibjnbjgdy
r Mdrnfywjg. Bkw}dgviibùk jn jkênbyby gf ib}ivbwdy-Ijqbwvnd :9-Ijqbwvnd :7. qjlbkjy 6<6-62<.8::-8:6+
r Hvkgj`fkwdy gf Fnfiw}ùkbij-Ijqbwvnd :