SEMINAR ON

INFRARED PLASTIC SOLAR CELL

Under Guidance by :- presented by: Prof. Annapurana Bhargava SURENDRA GURJAR DR.VIVEK SHRIVASTAV Cr.No . 13/690

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGG.

Introduction Solar power Nanotechnology Infrared The solar cell Types of solar cell Infrared of plastic solar cell Improvement Comparison Advantage Limitation conclusion

Main contents

It is intriguing to think of photovoltaic (PV) elements based on thin plastic films. The flexibility offered through the chemical tailoring of desired properties, as well as the cheap technology

The mechanical flexibility of plastic materials is welcome for all PV applications onto curved surfaces for architectural integration

INTRODUCTION

Solar energy is, simply, energy provided by the sun. This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which makes the production of solar electricity possible.

Electricity can be produced directly from photovoltaic, PV, cells. (Photovoltaic literally means “light” and “electric.”) These cells are made from materials which exhibit the “photovoltaic effect” i.e. when sunshine hits the PV cell, the photons of light excite the electrons in the cell and cause them to flow, generating electricity

SOLAR POWER

Low maintenance, long lasting sources of energy

Provides cost-effective power supplies for people remote from the main electricity grid

Non-polluting and silent sources of electricity

Convenient and flexible source of small amounts of power

Renewable and sustainable power, as a means to reduce global warming

Why Use Solar Cells

Nano-technology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale

Offers better built, longer lasting, cleaner, safer and smarter products for the home, For medicine and for industries for ages

we can introduce Nano-technology that is Nano- particles into the solar PV cells.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

INFRARED RAIDATIONInfrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light) that has a longer wavelength (shorter frequency) than optical (visible) lightNear Infrared (NIR): Wavelengths ranging from 0.74 micrometres to 5 micrometres.Mid Infrared (MIR): Wavelengths ranging from 5 micrometres to about 35 micrometres.Far Infrared (FIR): Wavelengths ranging from about 35 micrometres to 300 micrometers

The most common type of solar cells are photovoltaic Cells (PV cells)

Converts sunlight directly into electricity Cells are made of a semiconductor material (e.g.. silicon) Light strikes the PV cell, and a certain portion is

absorbed The light energy (in the form of photons) knocks

electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely, forming a current

Metal contacts on the top and bottom of PV cell draws off the current to use externally as power

The Solar Cell

Conventional solar cell

• These are photovoltaic (PV) cells based on crystalline silicon.

• It absorbs visible sunlight and transferred to the semiconductor material.

• This energy knocks electrons to flow freely, which results current.

• Current is drawn from the metal contacts in PV cell

WORKING OF CONVECTIONAL SOLAR CELL

TYPES OF SOLAR CELL Amorphous Silicon solar cell Bio hybrid solar cell(a-Si) Buried contact solar cell Cadmium telluride solar

cell (CdTe) Concentrated PV cell (CVP and

HCVP) Copper indium gallium selenide

solar cells (CI(G)S) Crystalline silicon solar cell (c-Si) Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Gallium arsenide germanium

solar cell (GaAs) Hybrid solar cell Luminescent solar

concentrator cell (LSC) Micromorph (tandem-cell using a-

Si/μc-Si) Monocrystalline solar cell

Multi-junction solar cell (MJ) Nanocrystal solar cell Organic solar cell (OPV) Perovskite solar cell Photo electrochemical

cell (PEC) Plasmonic solar cell Plastic solar cell Polycrystalline solar cell (multi-

Si) Polymer solar cell Quantum dot solar cell Solid-state solar cell Thin-film solar cell(TFSC) Wafer solar cell, or wafer-based

solar cell (synonym for crystalline silicon solar cell)

GENERATIONS OF SOLAR CELL

In conventional solar cell it is observed that only 35% of the suns total energy is being used

The conventional solar cells are not so favorable on cloudy days

In order to overcome these disadvantages we use INFRARED PLASTIC SOLAR CELL

Disadvantages of conventional solar cell

plastic solar cell can turn the suns power into electric energy even on a cloudy day.

The plastic material uses nanotechnology and contains the 1stgeneration solar cells that can harness the sun’s invisible infrared rays.

nano particles called quantum dots are combined with a polymer to make the plastic that can detect energy in the infrared

Infrared plastic solar cell

It uses specially designed Nano particles called quantum dotsThe quantum dots with a polymer to make the plastic that can detect energy in the infrared.

It requires semiconductor nano rods (7 nm by 60nm).

The heart of a solar cell is a 200-nm-thick film

It consists of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nano rods and blended with P3HT(poly-3hexylthiophene)

WORKING OF PLASTIC SOLAR CELL

A layer only 200 nanometers thick is sandwiched between electrodes.

It can produce 0.7V at present

• When Nano rods absorb light they generate an electron and an electron hole.

• Electron is collected by aluminum electrode.

• The hole is transferred to the plastic and conveyed to the electrode, creating a current.

• Aluminum coating acts as the back electrode

Better light collection and concentration employed in the solar cells.

In plastic cells nano rods are closely packed and transfer their electrons more directly to the electrolyte.

They also hope to tune the nano rods to absorb different colors to span the spectrum of sun light.

IMPROVEMENTS

Polymer crystals

Plastic solar cell

COMPARISIONPV CELLS

Made of some special material called semiconductors.

Expensive because of manufacturing process

Requires large space, Efficiency is less

It won’t work under cloudy conditioned

It can’t harness the sun’s invisible infrared rays

NANO- SOLAR CELLS

Constructed using Nano-technology

Cost is less because less material is used

Compact and require less space, Efficiency is more

Nano- solar cell that can turn the suns power into

electricity energy even on a cloudy days

It contains the 2nd generation solar cell that

can harness the sun’s invisible infrared rays

They are considered to be 30% more efficient when compared to conventional solar cells.

They are more efficient and more practical in application.

Traditional solar cells are bulky panels. This is very compact.

Conventional solar cells are only used for large applications with big budgets. But the plastic solar cells are feasible as they can be even sewn into fabric- thus having vast applications.

Flexible, roller processed solar cells have the potential to turn the sun’s power into a clean, green, consistent source of energy

ADVANTAGES

Hydrogen powered car

Hydrogen car painted with the film could convert solar energy into electricity to continually recharge the car’s battery

They are very costly.

Relatively shorter life span when continuously exposed to sunlight.

It requires higher maintenance and constant monitoring.

LIMITATION

Plastic solar cells help in exploiting the infrared radiation.

More effective when compared to conventional solar cells.

They can even work on cloudy days. Though at present cost is a major

drawback, it can be solved in the near future.

CONCLUSION

.

THANKS