Infrastructure Development 1

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INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT &

THE ROLE OF THE

GOVERNMENTPresented to You

By:

Avanti Phadke 102Reema Redkar 108Nikita Rastogi 107Neha Upadhyay 106

Jai Varadkar 105

Shruti Khase 104Shamika Rane 96

Pratik Kulkarni 109Roshan Nair 100Kelvin Santis 99Subodh Mayekar

101Denis Mathai 80

Kunal Tamse 103Pranav Kadam 71Avinash Tilekar


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Introduction :

Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of asociety or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. The

term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, water

supply, sewers,power grids, telecommunications ,and so forth. Viewed functionally,

infrastructure facilitates the production ofgoods and services; for example, roads enable the

transport ofraw materials to a factory, and also for the distribution of finished products

to markets. In some contexts, the term may also include basic social services such as schools and

hospitals. In military parlance, the term refers to the buildings and permanent installations

necessary for the support, redeployment, and operation of military forces.

The importance of infrastructure for sustained economic development is well recognized. Hightransactions costs arising from inadequate and inefficient infrastructure can prevent the economyfrom realizing its full growth potential regardless of the progress on other fronts coveringtransportation, power and communication through its backward and forward linkages facilitatesgrowth; social infrastructure including water supply, sanitation, sewage disposal, education andhealth, which are in the nature of primary services, has a direct impact on the quality of life. Thevisible signs of shortfalls in capacity and inefficiencies include increasingly congested roads,power failures; long-waiting lists for installation of telephones and a shortage of drinking waterillustrate the widening gap between demand and supply of infrastructure and also raise questionsconcerning the sustainability of economic growth in future.

With the current GDP growth of 8%, in which there is contribution of nearly 51% from servicesand 16% from manufacturing sector there is a need for proper alignment of resources. To sustainthis growth India needs to develop sound infrastructure so that the right input of skilled, qualifiedand socially contented labor; visible and reliable supply chains; prompt and accurate informationfor decision making; efficient process and updated technology can be given to the operations ofmanufacturing and services.

The need to provide world class infrastructure that keeps pace with 8 per cent economic growthis clear. City roads are choked with traffic, power cuts are a fact of life and passengers areroutinely delayed as booming air travel tests airport capacity.

Analysts say the infrastructure sector as a whole needs to grow 8 per cent a year, instead of 5 percent at the moment, to meet the government's vision of even higher growth, more jobs and betterbasic living conditions for 260 million poor. Therefore there is a need to holistic approach tolook in to infrastructure from the industrial perspective to enhance the quality of inputs to theoperations of the company.

Infrastructure output growth for the first month of the new financial year has come in at a healthy6.7 per cent as compared to 6 per cent for the same month of previous year. The growth rate for
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April is higher than the average monthly rates reported for the previous 3 months, but lower than8.7 per cent reported for March 2006. The new economic policies aimed at stepping up economicgrowth, improving market efficiency and competitiveness, and integrating the Indian economywith global markets have already placed a heavy demand on all types of urban infrastructureservices. The resulting bottlenecks are beginning to pose serious impediments to enhancing

productivity. Urban infrastructure includes water supply and sanitation which are important basicneeds for improvement of the quality of life and enhancement of the productive efficiency ofcitizens.

There has been a steady increase in the urban population on account of rapid industrialization,natural growth and migration from rural areas. This has prompted the working out of alternativeways of meeting the increasing transport demand given the constraints of land and capital, andthe need to control energy consumption, pollution and accidents.

When it comes to investment, infrastructure sector companies are among the first few nameswhich come to mind. This has more to do with the fact that there are huge opportunities in this

sector which can be capitalized over the next several years. The present state of India'sinfrastructure is considered to be very poor compared to some of the developed and developingcountries in the world. Whether it is roads, bridges, ports, power, railways, airports, urbaninfrastructure, water, irrigation or gas transport, each of these segments is in desperate need ofhigher investments. The government has also increased the allocation for infrastructuredevelopment in the Union Budget 2010-11.


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SCOPE AND CONCEPTS OF

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN

INDIA :

Infrastructure in India

Energy Railways Mining & Metals

Water Roadways Tourism

Oil & Gas Ports & Shipping Telecom

Aviation Social Infrastructure Information

Technology


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India Energy Sector :

India Energy Sector fulfils around 90% of the energy requirements in India. The majority of

India energy needs are fulfilled by energy from coal. The inadequacy in the supply of energy isbalanced out by energy imports from other countries. The India energy scenario shows a drift in

the energy balance mainly due to the differed energy sources in India.

The India energy policy states the measures taken by the Government of India to meet all the

energy requirements and deal with the energy crisis India might face if proper energy policy and

energy management is not undertaken.

These include mass energy conservation and efficient use of energy. Also various energy zones

have been demarcated for large-scale energy harvesting and then using it efficiently by energy

conversion to other more usable forms of energy by using various energy conversion devices.

SOURCES OF ENERGY IN INDIA

The various energy resources used in India include fossil fuels providing petroleum andnatural gas and coal mining that cater to the coal energy demands in India.

The sun is the source forsolar energy that is converted to electrical energy using solarpanels.

The vast water resources in and around India are utilized by conversion of the kineticenergy from the flowing water as in waterfalls and the dams built on various rivers intoelectric energy.

The energy of the tides and tidal waves is also utilized for electrical energy harvesting. The usage ofwind energy comes in the form of windmills and huge wind energy farms

for generation of usable energy forms by transformation of the kinetic energy of the windinto energy units.

Other sources of energy in India include biomass energy by burning bio-fuels availablein large quantities owing to the huge domestic cattle population in India.

Energy is also derived from the vast timber resources of the country. This forms thewood energy.

Nuclear energy or atomic energy from radioactive materials has been developed into avast industry in itself.

Geothermal energy is an unlimited natural energy source that utilizes the steam from hotwater springs that acts as energy boosters to drive turbines of power plants.

The various chemicals are used for chemical energy generation used in batteries. Even the hydrogen available in large quantities in the environment has been captured

and utilized as an energy source by reacting hydrogen with oxygen.


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ENERGY COMPANIES IN INDIA

The major energy companies in India engaging in mass energy development, transformation andgeneration include:

Reliance Energy India

Suzlon Energy India GE Energy India Unitron Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. Goldwyn Limited Zenith Birla India Limited

ENERGY POLICY OF INDIA

The India energy policy states that the energy needs to be utilized not just from the conventionalenergy resources like the coal, petroleum, natural gas deposits and burning of wood etc. that isstill a perishable source but also from other non-conventional sources like wind, water,geothermal, biomass etc. The India energy policy act clearly mentions development of newerenergy sources that are more efficient and non-perishable.

The energy policy of India lays stress on the research for finding solutions to the perishingenergy sources and also the skyrocketing energy prices in the country. Special energy labs havebeen set up for the development of energy generation and transformation kits for the harvesting

of energy units. The unit conversion of energy has developed into a huge industry that has givena new definition to the India energy policy.

INDIA ENERGY CONSERVATION

The need of the hour, also mentioned in the energy policy act of India, is conservation of energy.The energy conservation act 2001 clearly states the large-scale energy consumers will have tocontribute majorly in energy conservations as that is where the maximum energy is beingdumped unused and wastage is seen.

An energy conservation building code has been established for strict adherence of energyconservation level. All electrical appliances are supposed to meet certain energy performancestandards. A bureau of energy efficiency is also brought into functionality for implementation ofthe energy conservation act.


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Water Resources in India :

The abundant water resources in India are sufficient for the water supply in whole of India only

if proper and efficient water supply management is adopted. The water infrastructure in Indiaincludes tapping of the available water sources by the water board and department in India,proper water treatment and purification, water storage facilities with regular cleaning of thewater storage tanks, usage of water, crisis in water supply, water pollution, problems due toscarcity of water, Indian water policy for water conservation and water harvesting etc.

Water Management Policies of GoI

The Government of India (GoI) has formed various water management systems and authorities

in India. These include Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water Board, NationalWater Development Agency, National Projects Construction Corporation Ltd. etc. for efficient

water resources management. The policies thus formulated include Irrigation Management

Policy, National Policy Guidelines to allocate water resources like rivers flowing through

multiple states, National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development Plan, Water

Information Bill, River Basin Organization Policy, and many more. Various water reservoir

projects were also taken up by the Ministry of Water Resources like construction and

management of dams on various rivers.

Water Conservation:

The Indian government provided the masses with adequate water supply but the management ofthe water supply systems wasn't undertaken efficiently this has resulted in deteriorating conditionof the water supply network. Thus majority is forced to pump out ground water to fulfill thewater requirements that has in turn created a huge drop in the ground water levels.Thus an effective strategy for water conservation is the need of the hour. The steps taken in thisregard include water treatment plants, water pollution control so as to keep the water resourcessafe for other usage, careful scrutiny of water supply division and projects. The water supplydepartment by adopting timely conservation methods can help solve the water shortage problem

in India and deal with the ongoing water crisis in India.

Rainwater harvesting can also provide a solution to the water crisis in India. , Many areas inIndia receive plenty rainfall and thus creating huge rainwater harvesting water tanks can help isaccumulation of natural water & then after some treatment can be utilized as a drinking watersubstitute.


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Water Purification Industry

Large-scale water treatment is being undertaken so as to utilize the existing water resources to anoptimum level. Water purification has become an industry in itself. The water purificationindustry in India deals in improving water quality standards of drinking water, management and

treatment of ground water, bottling of mineral water available in various parts of the country andproviding this bottled water throughout India as a safe drinking water solution. The major watertreatment plants owners and water treatment companies in India products in the bottled waterindustry include Kinley, Bisleri, Aquafina, and Kingfisher etc.

Water Reservoir Dams and Projects:

As a solution to the water crisis in India, the government took up building of huge dams and

water reservoirs that provided multiple solutions. The dams build on various rivers provided

safety against the floods that used to frequent these rivers, effective use of natural waterresource, providing irrigation facilities to the surrounding field and farms and also in the

production of hydroelectricity.


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Oil and Gas India :

Oil and Gas Industry in India is a 110 billion USD industry (as in March '2007). The India oil &

gas demand ranks it sixth in the world. Nearly 70% of the petroleum oil requirements of Indiaare met by the imports. This is a matter of concern for the Indian Government as it might lead tooil crisis in India. To tackle this, large-scale oil and gas exploration and drilling is beingundertaken.

OIL & GAS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

The oil and gas history in India dates back to 1867, with the discovery of oil deposits in Makum,

near Margherita, Assam. The oil and gas sector in India has since witnessed the birth of

numerous oil and gas companies. In India, the oil and gas industry jobs attract huge labor force.

With the inset of bigger players into the oil & gas sector in India engaging in mass oil & gasproduction, the oil & gas prices have been revised although still in the unaffordable segment for

many.

A rapid increase is also seen in the demand of oil & gas exploration and drilling equipment and

services. The oil & gas fields both onshore and offshore provide mass employment opportunities

and also contribute in a wholesome way in increasing the oil & gas reserves of India. Despite of

new finds in oil & gas wells, increase in the drilling operations, advancement in oil extraction

methods, pumps and machine and other equipments and technology, the costs have not come

down. The oil & gas prices are still a matter of utmost concern for the Government of India.

OIL & GAS COMPANIES IN INDIA

Public Sector Undertakings (PSU's):

ONGC - Oil & Natural Gas Corp (exploration and production) OIL - Oil India Limited (exploration & production) IOC - Indian Oil Corporation (refining & marketing)

Private Oil & Gas companies in India

RIL - Reliance Industries Limited (Indian Oil & gas company) ESSAR (Indian Oil & Gas company) Chevron Oil Limited Shell Oil BP


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An achievement that deserves mention here is that five of the Indian oil & gas companiesare listed in Global Fortune 500.

OIL & GAS REFINING IN INDIA

India oil refining capacity is the sixth largest in the world. India is soon emerging as a leadingexporter of refined petroleum products in the world. India has around 6000 Kms of productpipelines along with over 34, 600 Government of India (GOI) owned retail outlets.

Oil refining is an industrial process of processing crude oil into petroleum products that havewider usage. The petroleum products obtained by oil refining are Gasoline or Petrol, Kerosene,Diesel, Fuel Oil, Asphalt, Paraffin Wax, Lubricating Oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) etc.These products by the oil & gas exploration and production companies in India have a widemarket world over.

INDIA OIL & GAS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

An analysis report of the oil & gas industry in India shows the stagnation in the current oilproduction and extraction processes diverting towards deepwater offshore drilling for findingnewer oil & gas reserves where the drawback is lack of technical expertise in India. Also there'san acute shortage of skilled labor force, latest drilling equipments and machines.

However, the solutions to these problems can come in the form of foreign collaborations forbetter technology especially in deepwater drilling and extraction processes. Special training

institutes need to be set-up for providing skilled labor for technical exploration services. Foreigncollaborations will bring the necessary finance to such projects. Also world-level professionpractices like optimum use of the available resources and equipments at the lowest possible costsand proper oil & gas waste regulation methods will pave way for further growth anddevelopment of oil & gas industry in India.


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Aviation Industry In India :

Aviation Industry in India traces back its History to 1912, with first flight from Karachi to Delhi

started by Indian State Air Services and Imperial Airways UK collaboration. Actually it was justan extension of the London-Karachi flight by imperial airways.

However the actual instigation of India Aviation Industry was in the form of Tata Airline by

JRD Tata in 1932. He was also the first Indian to get an A-License. In 1946, Tata Airlines was

transformed into Air India. At the dawn of independence, India had nine air transport companies

providing both cargo and passenger services.

In 1953, the Government of India nationalized all existing airline assets and formed Indian

Airline Corporation for domestic air services along with Air India International for international

air services. Until, 1991, these two companies played monopoly in India. It was only in this year

that private airlines were allotted the 'air taxi scheme', under which they could operate charteredand non-scheduled services for uplift of Indian tourism. In 1994, as a result of a repeal of the air

corporation act, private airline companies obtained permission to operate scheduled air services.

Indian Aviation Industry witnessed a major change in 2003, when Air Deccan introduced budget

flying by lowering down the fares to mere 17% of what the other airlines were charging. Now

the list includes Spice Jet, Go Airways and Kingfisher Air. 'All-business class airline' Paramount

Airways also belongs to this group. These budget airlines have taken up the major Indian

Aviation Industry market share. They have established newer trends in the aviation industry.

An Overview of the Aviation Industry of India gives us three main categories for the AviationIndustry analysis. These include:

o Airlines in India: Aviation Industry of India and airlines in India are managed by the

Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India. All domestic and international airlinesare supposed to obtain license from the ministry. Ten major domestic airlines cametogether to form FIA (Federation of Indian Airlines) to deal with Indian AviationIndustry challenges in domestic segment and establish newer trends in the aviationindustry of India.

o Airports in India: In order to establish international standards in operational, terminal

and cargo services, the International Airports Authority of India was fused with National

Airports Authority to ascertain Airports Authority of India (AAI). The airports authorityis responsible for all infrastructure related and aviation industry market related tasks. Allairports in India are managed by the Airports Authority of India.

o Aviation Schools in India: The aviation industry India provides highly lucrative careers

and thus is a major attraction amongst the youth of India. For professional training ofthese enthusiasts, various aviation schools and aviation academy are present in differentparts of the country. They provide commercial pilot training. For this you need to obtain


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Student Pilot License (SPL) and after the completion of your training, a Commercial PilotLicense (CPL) is required.

ForAviation Industry Growth in the domestic airports infrastructure, Federation of Indian

Airlines (FIA) was formed. The federation has the main aim of establishing a forecast of all time

highest growth in the domestic Aviation Industry India. The future outlook of the IndianAviation Industry depends majorly on the various aviation schools operational in the country.

The aviation industry research undertaken by the Ministry of Civil Aviation can ensure

technological advances.

Aviation industry conferences and expo are held regularly that give detailed reports of the

various events in the aviation industry in India, the advantages for the Indian aviation industry,

the various aviation industry jobs and employment opportunities available. Aviation industry

report analysis helps in solving the various aviation industry problems.


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Indian Railways :

Indian Railways have a history of glory instigating from the pre-independence era in the year1853. Railways in India is the largest railway network in Asia. Indian railways has both long

distance and short distance rail systems covering the entire length and breadth of the countryfrom major cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Bangalore toless connected areas like Guwahati in the north east, Kachchh in the west, from Kashmir in thenorth to Kerala in the south.

The first of the Indian railways passenger trains was the one covering a distance of 21 milesbetween Bombay (Mumbai now) and Thane. Since then many rail companies emerged in Indiaand in 1907, the government nationalized almost all railways companies. A large chunk of theIndian railways network went to Pakistan during partition.

The Indian railways are the responsibility of the ministry of railways a government of India

ministry. In the recent few years with the introduction of many special trains for easier passengerload and also cargo trains have increased the passenger freight in the Indian railways. This hasshown a surprising rise in the revenues earned by the Indian railways.The Indian railways provides Indian railways website with online ticket booking facility. On the

official website of Indian railways you can find information about railways time table, online

ticket booking facility by checking the accommodation and reservation availability, arrivals info,

trains schedules, PNR status enquiry, details of the particular train timetable, route and special

trains available and many such facilities.

Indian railways gov.in is the official site of Indian railways that besides the online ticket

reservation facility provides customer care and enquiry services that provide info on specialtrains like Garib Rath, holiday special, Rajdhani express, Shatabdi express, link express,

Sampark Kranti Trains etc. for the convenience of the customers. Also check availability of seats

in the passenger trains and availability of luggage space in cargo trains. Login to the Indian

Railways website homepage and get the Indian railways enquiry counter right here on your

desktop.

Railways India stations in metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Pune,

Hyderabad etc have special reservation and voice enquiry counters that provide info on the fare

and freight of Indian railways. Special Indian railways helpline numbers are also available to

provide info on local trains, passenger trains, new trains, special trains, cargo trains and otherinformation regarding the station codes, train schedules, trains time table, waiting list, Indian

railways map and other such issues.


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Roadways in India :

Roadways in India are like the thread binding the topographical variations in India. The road

network of India has proven its efficiency by providing its infrastructural contribution to thegrowth of the Indian economy. India is a land of diversities and the Indian roads act as a national

integration force providing the necessary adhesive for bringing the people from all corners

together as easily as possible.

The road transport system of India is one of the most widespread networks. It spans the entire

nation in the form of small pagdandis, ring roads, flyovers, highways, expressways and freeways.

The roadways travel has developed into an infrastructure strength that has given the Indian

economy the necessary backbone support.

The road network in India especially in the more remote areas helps in the development of theseregions by connecting them to nearby cities making the modern day facilities more accessible to

them. Roadways of India has helped enhance the productivity of certain areas and contributed to

the evolving of a more competitive infrastructure and economy on a world level.

Road transport in India or roadways transport contributes to 60% freight or cargo transport and

80% passenger transport of India. These include roadways buses, roadways express services,

transport both public and commercial systems and others. Special buses of Indian roadways

equipped with automated speed enforcement systems are gaining popularity and also the

attention of various state governments owing to the rising cases of road accidents due to

uncontrolled speeds of the roadways buses.

Various websites provide Indian road maps that give you the exact India road distances and some

sites also provide India road distance calculator that gives you a clearer idea of the distance you

would be traveling. Road transportation in India is a state government entity with individual

roadways enquiry systems per state.

The various modes of transportation in India and the road infrastructure in India are under the

management and administration of the respective state or union territory governments. The

exception is the national highways that is the Central Government responsibility and managed by

the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

The national highways contribute to a mere 2% of the road infrastructure of India, but carry the

roadways freight of over 40%. There are 259 national highways in India covering over 52, 000

Km distance.


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Indian shipping industry :

Indian shipping industry consists of shipping services by various shipping companies in India,ports in India, management of container shipping, local and international cargo or freightshipping, vessel shipping, bulk shipping and other maritime shipping services along withtransport services both global and inland water transport.

SHIPPING PORTS IN INDIA

The Indian coastline stretches to over 6000 Kms with 12 major ports and 181 minor and mediumports. Over 90% of India's international trade is handled by the Indian ports. The major ports inIndia are handled by the Ports Trust of India (PTI) that is a Central Government undertaking.The respective state governments manage the operational (139) minor ports of India. The portinfrastructure of India although being updated is still insufficient considering the freight andcargo shipping traffic on the shipping ports in India.

o Major Ports in India:The major ports in India managed by the Ports Trust of India are

located at Kolkata (previously Calcutta), Haldia, Cochin, Chennai, Ennore, Nhava Sheva(Jawaharlal Nehru Port), Kandla, Mumbai, Mormugao, New Mangalore, Tuticorin,Paradwip and Vishakhapatnam. Largest port in India is the Jawaharlal Nehru Port atNhava Sheva that handles around 50% of the total port traffic in India.

o Port Cities in India: The cities in India where the major and minor ports are located

witness the centralization of the daily life around the shipping ports in the city as it is thelocal shipping industry or rather the local shipping companies that give then shippingjobs. The regional set-up revolves around the ports and shipping infrastructure. The citiesincluded are Vishakhapatnam, Vijaydurg, Surat, Ratnagiri, Porbandar, Panaji, Paradip,Nhava Sheva, Mangalore, Machilipatnam, Lothal, Kochi, Kandla, Haldia, Bhavnagar andothers.

o Indian Ports Authority: The shipping ports in India are managed by various authorities

and associations taking care of different aspects. The organizations deserving mention inthis respect include the Ports Trust of India, Central Authority for Ports in India andIndian Ports Association. The Central government that collectively handles all the majorports in India provides all the necessary info on the shipping ports in India includingdetailed Indian ports map, maps of Indian port cities, and addresses of the local IndianPorts Association in case of minor Indian port. The Indian Ports Act by the IndiaGovernment urges the Indian shipping industry to strictly implement the InternationalShip and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code for ports security and also the security of allthe outgoing global cargo and freight.


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Social Infrastructure in India :

The Social Infrastructure in India includes the education system in India, health care, the

management of the education and health services in India that form the basic social infrastructuredefinition. The India government looks after the social development in India by carefulinfrastructure planning and handling the social issues in close coordination.

India development is incomplete without social development and that would require focus on theinfrastructure strategy for social research India. The infrastructure policy of India needs to bemade more comprehensive with major changes in the infrastructure projects taken up in the pastand more research behind the project infrastructure so as to yield maximum developmentalresults.

The infrastructure research work includes the current issues that require immediate attention in a

proper infrastructure report and then formulation and planning of projects in sync with theinfrastructure industry.

The metro cities in India including Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and smaller cities inMaharashtra like Pune and Nagpur have a very well developed economic as well as socialinfrastructure. The leading one still remains Goa followed in close second by Kerala. The socialinfrastructure in India needs to reach the standards these states have reached individually. Thehealth and education system of Goa and Kerala is the most developed one in India with themaximum literacy rates in both general literacy as well as health literacy.

EDUCATION :

Education in India:

Imparting education on an organized basis dates back to the days of 'Gurukul' in India. Sincethen the India education system has flourished and developed with the growing needs of theeconomy. The education in India statistics are however in a sad state showing a below averageliteracy rate. The education ministry in India formulates education policy in India and also

undertakes education programs designed specially for kids, for women, for the people in prisonsand other special projects for social development of India.

Education Institutions India:

Education in India follows the 10+2 pattern. For higher education there are various state run aswell as private institutions and universities providing a variety of courses and subjects. Theaccreditation of the universities is decided under the universities grant commission act that has


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formed autonomous institutions that have the right to provide accreditation to universities and'vishwvidyalayas'. The education department consists of various schools, colleges anduniversities imparting education on fair means and education for all sections of the society.

Education Problems and Reforms in India:

The main problem of the education system in India is that the targets set by the centre or theministry of education to achieve a 100% literacy rate has never been achieved except for Keralastate. Also the unorganized education sector with many state and national level education boardsoperating like the SSLC, ICSE, CBSE, IB and IGCSE having different curriculum and studypatterns provides a non-uniformity to the India education system.

HEALTH :

Health in India is a state government responsibility with the national health policy laying down

the necessary health policy in India. The central council of health and welfare formulates the

various health care projects and health department reform policies. The administration of health

industry in India as well as the technical needs of the health sector are the responsibility of the

ministry of health and welfare India.


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India Mining Industry :

India mining industry covers exploration of new minerals and mines, production of mineral

resources from various mines in india, processing of the mineral ores like iron ore, bauxite ore,manganese ore etc. to obtain the more useful forms like iron, steel, Aluminium, manganese, etc.,extraction of coal, gold, diamond etc. and economic matters of the india industry of mineral oremining, the governmental mining policy, regulatory acts and laws, mining infrastructure of india,small-scale and mass mining projects, impact of mining jobs on the environment and othercommunity issues.

Overview of Mining Industry in India:

The mining industry in India includes both metallurgical and mineral mining industries in Indiaand together they form the backbone of the industrial development of India as they provide thebasic raw materials like coal, petrol, mining minerals, steel, copper, Aluminium metals etc. to theIndia manufacturers.

History of Mining in India:

Mining in India is over 6000 years old. The oldest mines in India include lead-zinc mineraldeposits at Zawar, copper deposits at Khetri, and gold deposits in Karnataka. The miningtechniques used back then were much ahead of their time specially the smelting techniques. Atimeless example of the mastery of the old times craftsmen is the Iron Pillar in the Qutab Minar

complex in New Delhi.

Mining Products in India:

India mining products include a total of 84 minerals consisting of 4 fuels, 49 non-metallic

industrial minerals, 11 metallic minerals, and 20 minor minerals. These mined products include:

Aluminium, coal, cobalt, copper, chromium, diamond, gold, iron ore, lead, manganese,

molybdenum, nickel, oil sands, palladium, platinum, silver, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten,

uranium, vanadium, zinc, etc.

Role of India Government:

The government of India has different ministries for coal & mines, iron & steel, chemicals &fertilizers industry, atomic energy, petroleum &natural gas, environment & forests and laborindustry. The survey and exploration of all minerals except petroleum, natural gas & atomicminerals. The mining industry is the responsibility of the ministry of mines (MoM) India. Theydevice the mining policy and strategy for non-ferrous metals (Aluminium, Copper, Zinc, Gold,Nickel etc.) mining jobs.


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The sub-ordinate organizations of the ministry of mines include:

o Geological Survey of India (GSI): It conducts scientific surveys and research to locate

mineral resources. GSI makes all the mining maps in India and also provides mines and

mineral resources maps based on the research they do.o Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM): IBM is responsible for compilation of the mining

exploration data and mineral maps for providing complete info on the new mines andfields in India. All the statistical information on mining industry in India - the mines,minerals, metals and the mineral based industries are available with the Indian Bureau ofMines.

India's contribution in the mineral production in world:

o India is leading producer of mica blocks and mica splitting

o Third largest Chromite producer in the world

o Third in production of coal, lignite and bariteso Fourth largest iron ore producer

o Sixth largest bauxite and manganese ore producer

o Tenth position in Aluminium

o Eleventh position in crude steel production in the world


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India Tourism Development :

India Tourism Development Corporation Board is the Government of India subsidiary that looksafter the tourism department in India. All the India tourism statistics, tourism maps, travel guides(India city guide, India hotels guide), relevant travel info for India tourists, India tour packages toall holiday spots and other India tourism places related information and development is theresponsibility of the Ministry of Tourism India.

INDIA TOURISM INDUSTRY OVERVIEW:

Indian government sees Tourism as an upcoming industry in India. Even the tourism statistics

show increasing demand of India tours and in the tourism business world over. Tourists' interestin India is due to the curiosity factor attached to the varied culture of India.

Every year, tourists from all over the globe visit India for vacation as well as spiritual purposes.The temples in India specially those in the holy cities of Rishikesh, Varanasi (also known asKashi or Benaras), Haridwar, Puri, Mathura, Shirdi etc. attract a large crowd of foreign as well aslocal tourists.

The architecture in India, rural India, tourism in Indian states, ecotourism packages and mainlythe monuments depicting the history of India attracts numerous enthusiasts visiting India.

TYPES OF TOURISM IN INDIA:

India defines both cultural and topographical diversity and that is also a significant demand inthe tourism industry in India. The tours in India as offered by the tour operators in India are alsoas varied. These include:

o Ecotourism: Also known as Nature Tourism is a special tour designed for the

exploration of wildlife and environmental beauty of India. Ecotourism in India includeswildlife tourism that includes trips to wildlife sanctuaries and national parks; hill stationslike Darjeeling (West Bengal, East India), Munnar (Kerala, South India), Ooty andKodaikanal (Tamilnadu, South India), Shillong (Meghalaya, Northeast India), Shimla(Himachal Pradesh, North India), Nainital, Mussoorie, Rishikesh (Uttaranchal, NorthIndia) and many more; beaches of Goa, Chennai, Kanya Kumari, Andaman Nicobar,Lakhshadweep and other coastal regions on the west and east coast of India andadventure tourism as in wild rivers of the Himalayas like white water rafting inRishikesh, trekking in Panchgani, jungle safari, desert safari and other adventure tours ofIndia.


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o Rural Tourism: Majority of India is among the rural category with the sanctity and

subtleness intact in the very essence of the village soil. This pious environment of therural India attracts lot of interest among the tourists in India and thus rural tourism is afast emerging category.

o Regional tourism: The states in India themselves provide a lot of cultural heritage and

variety. Each and every state tourism board has its own state tourism packages that coverthe entire state and offer a perfect vacation. Individual states like Kerala, Goa, Rajasthan,Assam, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Haryana, AndhraPradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Uttranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and other states offerwholesome tourism states package deals.

o India City Tour: Certain cities in India themselves are comprehensive tourist

destinations and holiday spots. Many travel packages are centered to these cities. Theseinclude New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Agra,Varanasi, Kanpur, Haridwar, and many more.

The official India tourism website hosted by the Ministry of Tourism India is very aptly called

Incredible India or 'Atulaya Bharat'. The tourism variety in terms of tourist destinations,packages, views and the wholesome experience truly differentiate India and actually make itincredible to believe that you can get the experience of multiple vacations in a single tour ofIndia.


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Telecom Infrastructure in India :

Telecom infrastructure in India has brought Indian telecom industry in an enviable position, as it

is second amongst the emerging nations of Asia. Indian telecom sector ranks as the fifth largestworld over.

The Indian telecom history begins in 1851 when the British India capital Calcutta (now Kolkata)

witnessed its first operational landlines. However the telephone services came thirty years later

in 1881. In the modern telecom scenario, the major change was the advent of private telecom

business companies. In 1997, the formulation of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

(TRAI) to facilitate the Indian telecom business plan expansion led to increased share of private

telecom companies in the telecom market size of India. In 1999, the new national telecom policy

came with cellular telecom services.

The smooth functioning of Indian telecom market is supervised by a government telecom

regulatory body called the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). The telecom

regulatory authority of India is a subordinate of the ministry of telecommunications India. The

telecommunication service in India include telephone services, national and international dialing

services, pay phone service, telex and telegraph (both manual & automatic), remote area business

message network based on satellite transmission, email and voice mail facility, cellular mobile

phone, video conferencing, VSAT, internet, and intelligent network services among the major

telecom services and solutions.

The following topics define the Indian telecom industry:

GOVERNMENT ACTS FOR REGULATION OF TELECOM INDUSTRY

The various telecom India related acts by the Department of Telecommunications India are:

Indian Telegraph Act 1885: This act empowered the government of India to takecontrol of the existing telegraph lines and lay down the necessary infrastructure forfurther expansion of telecommunications in India.

Indian Telegraph (amendment) Rules 2004: This act set the guidelines for the set upand development of public telecom services in India.

Indian Wireless Act 1993: According to this act wireless telecom services could be setup only after due licensing from the telegraphy authority of India.

Information Technology Act 2000: The act defines the information technology basedcommunications in India. Telecom Industry of India was shown e-commerce waythrough this act in a legal manner.


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Communication Convergence Bill 2001: This bill declared the establishment ofCommunications Commission of India to regulate the transfer of all form ofcommunication including broadcasting, telecommunications and multimedia.

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Act 1997: The act established TRAI for the

regulation of telecom business in India. Further amendments were made in the act as per theneeds of the Indian telecom market that surfaced in the telecom market analysis and researchconducted.

TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDERS IN INDIA

The Indian telecom directory shows two major divisions:

Fixed Service Providers (FSP's): These include the basic service providers that are the stateoperators like MTNL India and BSNL India who collectively account to over 90% of the totalbasic telecom services and private sector telecom service providers in india who mainly focus onleased lines, ISDN, videoconferencing and other high-end services.

Cellular Service Providers (CSP's): The cellular services in India are also categorized as GSM(Global Mobile Communications System) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple access) system.The leading GSM services providers in the Indian telecom industry 2007 are Hutchison or hutch(Now Vodafone and known as Orange in Maharashtra), Airtel, Idea Telecom, Tata, andReliance. These include both pre-paid and post paid mobile phone cards and services providers.The leading CDMA providers are still Reliance communications and Tata Indicom with Airtel

and Touchtel just entering the market.

INDIAN TELECOM MARKET NEWS

In 2008, India entered into 3G Mobile arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile and Dataservices by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) in Bihar(Patna). BSNL is the first Mobileoperator in India to launch 3G services. After that (MTNL) launched 3G in Mumbai & Delhi.Government owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has already been provided with a 3Glicense and has been operating its services in 380 cities by the end of March 2010.Nationwide auction of 3G wireless spectrum in April 2010 was announced. The Auction was agreat success for Government Of India, as it collected triple the amount it was expecting. The

estimation for both 3G and BWA was around Rs 35,000/- Crore ($7.6 billion). Total revenue theGovernment collected was nearly Rs 1,06,000 Crore ($23 billion). Private providers are expectedto provide its 3G service from September 2010
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G_Spectrum_auction_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G_Spectrum_auction_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWA


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IT Infrastructure Management :

IT infrastructure outsourcing services trace their history back to 1974 when Tata ConsultancyServices (TCS) exported their Infotech technologies and services to their US manufacturer. But

the Indian information technology market was not even in the conception stage at that time. TheInfotech markets within India were almost dormant and the governmental policies were hostiletowards private information technology firms.

However in 1984, the Rajiv Gandhi government formulated the New Computer Policy (NCP1984) that reduced the import tariffs on IT systems like hardware and software to 60% from135% and the IT industry in India was recognized as a 'delicensed industry' thus opening thedoors of banks and financial institutions towards the information technology services in India.The NCP also permitted foreign information technology companies to set up their wholly ownedinformation technology divisions in India for export of Infotech services and solutions.

The information technology infrastructure in India has since then progressed even though itwitnessed a set back in the late eighties when the government turned hostile towards the IT firmsin India and the global Infotech conglomerates were forced to move out of India. Today theIndian software industry is a multi-billion dollar industry with record number of employment andrecruitment opportunities. The Infotech business systems have solved the job problem of manyIndian professionals. The Infotech careers are among top recruitments in the jobs sector in India.

Information technology in India consists of:

o Software Technology Firms in India: Mascon Computer Services Pvt. Ltd., Shreyan

InfoTech Ltd, iTraitz IT Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Alphanet Computer Services, Blue StarInfotech Limited, CMC Limited, Citicorp Information Technology Industries Ltd., DSSInfotech Pvt. Ltd., and many more.

o IT Companies in India: NASSCOM, Hughes Software Systems, Aditi Technologies,

Cognizant Technology Solutions, HCL Technologies, Patni Computer Systems, PolarisSoftware Lab Limited, NIIT, Mind Tree, Larsen & Toubro Infotech, Infosys, Infobeans,IBM India, I-flex Solutions, Samsung India Software, Satyam Computer Services, TallySolutions, Tata Consultancy Services, Videsh Sanchar Nigam, Wipro Technologies andmany more.

o IT Enabled Services (ITES) in India: Company finance and accounting, hr services,

transcription or translation services, content development, animation, design and GIS,

information technology engineering and other services including Infotech training inremote areas, Infotech data search market research, information technology networkmanagement and consultancy services.

o BPO or Business Process Outsourcing Industry of India: Wipro Spectramind, WNS

Group, Daksh e-Services, Convergys, HCL Technologies, Zenta, ICICI Onesource,MphasiS, EXL, Tracmail, GTL Ltd., vCustomer, HTMT, 24/7 Customer, SutherlandTechnologies and many more.


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o IT Institutes creating Information Technology Professionals: IIT's and IIIT's as the

software engineering training institutes lead the list and for the more technical know-howwe have Aptech, NIIT, Arena Multimedia, CMC Limited, Zed Career Academy, ZAPInfotech, Wintech, Jetking, SSI, STG, Advanced Computer Training School and manymore.

o

IT Hardware manufacturing companies in India: Nimbus Technologies, UnisoftPeripherals, CCS Infotech Limited, Digiworld Communications, Star Infotech, LotusSystems & Services, L G Electronics, Orbit Computer Systems, Powertek, and manymore.

The software industry or Infotech sector of India is prime in metro cities like Bangalore,Chennai, New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Noida and other cities. Hyderabad is oftenreferred to as 'Silicon Valley of the East'. With major IT companies based in cities likeBangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Noida and Gurgaon, the development ofIT parks in these areas isnot anything surprising.

The advancement in information technology in India is updated in the Infotech news in India.The Infotech news also gives info on the new information technology trends in the market, theeffects of globalization on the information technology growth in India, the informationtechnology acts, laws or policies of the government, new Infotech companies on the block, latestresearch update of the information technology field, the Infotech solutions, services andresources by various IT companies in India and also about the latest top Infotech company inIndia.
http://www.indiahousing.com/it-parks-india.htmlhttp://www.indiahousing.com/it-parks-india.html


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Case study

Introduction :

A premier Warehousing Agency in India, established during 1957 providing logistics support tothe agricultural sector, is one of the biggest public warehouse operators in the country offeringlogistics services to a diverse group of clients.

CWC is operating 487 Warehouses across the country with a storage capacity of 10.6 milliontonnes providing warehousing services for a wide range of products ranging from agriculturalproduce to sophisticated industrial products.

Warehousing activities of CWC include foodgrain warehouses, industrial warehousing, custombonded warehouses, container freight stations, inland clearance depots and aircargo complexes.

Apart from storage and handling, CWC also offers services in the area of clearing & forwarding,handling & transporation, procurement & distribution, disinfestation services, fumigationservices and other ancillary activities.

CWC also offers consultancy services/ training for the construction of warehousinginfrastructure to different agencies.

Main Purpose :

1. To acquire and build warehouses at suitable places in India and abroad;2. To run Warehouses for the storage of agricultural produce, seeds, manures, fertilizers,agricultural implements and notified commodities offered by individuals, cooperative societiesand other institutions;3. To arrange facilities for transport of agricultural produce, seeds, manures, fertilizers,agricultural implements and notified commodities to and from Warehouses.4. To subscribe to the share capital of State Warehousing Corporations;5. To act as an agent of the Government for the purpose of purchase, sale, storage and

distribution of agricultural produce, seeds, manures, fertilizers, agricultural implements andnotified commodities;

a. Enter into, with the previous approval of the Central Government, joint ventures withany corporation established by or under any Central Act or any State Act or with anycompany formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956 including foreigncompany or through its subsidiary companies, for carrying out the purposes of this Act.

b. Establish subsidiary companies; andc. Carry out such other functions, as may be prescribed


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Revenue :

Central Warehousing Corporation (A Government of India Undertaking) is a Public SectorUndertaking of Department of Food under the Ministry of Food & Consumer Affairs so all therevenue earned goes through the government . So all the profit and revenue of CentralWarehousing Corporation goes to government . Government also earns through the otherservices offered by CWC other than warehousing

Movement of materials :

The mode of movement of materials is decided by no. of factors like total wight of load , size ofwarehouse , size of load etc . If its a big warehouse then the automated movement of goods orsemi-automated movement is preffered through the use of cranes , forklift trucks , etc . If its a

smaller warehouse then manual movement of goods is preffered with the use of labor available

Capacity of warehouses :

Capacity of each warehouse is decided by studying all d factors such as adequate staging area ,

proper transportation , sufficient loading and unloading docs , availability of space and the most

important demand for warehouse & its proximity to the nearest market

Collaborations with Private Sector :

Central Warehousing Corporation does not have ant collaborations with private sectororganization in the warehousing business. It has enough resources in regards to capital as its wellfunded by the government . It also has expertise as its been in operation since 1957 and is is oneof the biggest public warehouse operators in the country offering logistics services to a diversegroup of clients.


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Growth Rate :

Central Warehousing Corporation has maintained an impressive 9% growth rate until 2010 andis expected to retain it & possibly overhaul it in 2010 on increasing demand

Effects of taxation policy :

CST [ Central Sales Tax] being withdrawn would lead to consolidation of warehouses at a few

strategic locations in India.

With CST in place, it is cheaper to have a warehouse [ C&Fs/ Depots] in each state than pay 4%

CST to ship across federal state boundaries. With CST going away, it is no longer pertinent to

have a warehouse [ C&Fs/ Depots] in each state. Warehouses would get consolidated at a few

places in India. Hence the trend towards large warehouses which would come up at few strategic

locations in India.

Trends :

The warehouse industry can look forward to a strong year. While warehouse vacancy rates are

expected to decline, the warehouse management system (WMS) market is set for an upswing . Anew study indicates that warehouse vacancy rates will drop this year because of an expected

"cyclical upturn" in the warehouse and distribution property markets . The outlook is also

positive for the WMS market. After a few slumping years, the market finally appears ready to

rebound because of a number of factors, from a rallying economy to new innovations. "From our

experience and indications from industry, WMS users and purchasers are going to be doing a lot

more shopping in the next year," the improving economy to stimulate capital expenditures in

technology. Additionally, companies will be drawn by the enhanced capabilities of current

systems. "A WMS isn't just a WMS anymore; it's yard management, transportation management,

routing system, etc.," he notes. Moreover, both larger companies and smaller companies are

showing interest in these tools.

Also on the comeback trail is the regional warehouse. In the 1990s, many shippers had

abandoned regional warehousing in favor of more centralized distribution facilities, which

seemed more in keeping with the idea of global supply chains. Now, that trend is reversing, as


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more companies choose to decentralize distribution. Several factors are behind this move back to

regional warehousing. For starters, shippers are reconsidering the concept of extended global

supply chains in the wake of recent disturbances caused by weather, labor issues and terrorism.

The increasing importance of inventory velocity is also contributing to the resurgence of regionalwarehousing, a strategy which can allow products to move more rapidly. Consumer products

manufacturers are especially concerned about inventory turnover, and it is in this sector that

regional warehousing activity will continue to expand the most substantially

Over the long-term, warehousing space in the India has been on the rise And it seems that this

year, that long-term upward trend will be accompanied by a recovery in warehousing in general,

regional warehousing in particular and the WMS market.

Concessions and Permits :

Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) operates under the Warehousing Corporation Act,

1962 supported by CWC Rules, 1963, CWC (General) Regulations, 1965 and CWC (Staff)

Regulations, 1986. The CWC is providing Scientific Storage Facilities for more than 400

commodities at 490 number of Warehouses. As a bailee of the stocks stored in its Warehouses,

the Corporation does not grant any permits, concessions and authorizations of any kind to the

public. However, CWC provides rebate on Storage Charges to the bonafide farmers, Co-

operatives & State Civil Supplies Corporations, who bring their food-grain produce to Central

Warehouses for storage. As a quality policy CWC has to reach its customers. As a part of

aggressive thrust under the Quality Policy, rebates are extended to customers/users on certain

criteria such as committed volume of business for a committed period based on market forces.

Subsidy / Rebates :

Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) operates under the Warehousing Corporation Act,

1962 supported by CWC Rules, 1963, CWC (General) Regulations, 1965 and CWC (Staff)Regulations, 1986. The CWC is providing Scientific Storage Facilities for more than 400commodities at 490 number of Warehouses. Under Farmers Extension Service Scheme, CentralWarehousing Corporation provides 30% rebate on Storage Charges to the bonafide farmers. 10%rebate is given on Storage Charges to the Cooperative Societies for their stocks stored in CentralWarehouses. CWC also provides rebate to State Civil Supplies Corporation upto 10% in Food-grain and 5% in other commodities.


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CONSULTATION WITH, OR REPRESENTATION BY,

THE MEMBERS OF PUBLIC IN RELATION TO THE

FORMULATION OF POLICY OR IMPLEMENTATION

THEREOF :There is no mechanism in the Corporation for direct consultation with the Members of the public

in relation to the formulation of policy for implementation thereof. Policy matters are decided by

placing the agenda before the Board of Directors / Executive Committee Meetings of Central

Warehousing Corporation and after Boards/ECs approval, the proposals are sent to the

Administrative Ministry for final approval.

Services Provided :Scientific storage and handling services for more than 400 commodities include Agricultural produce, Industrial raw-materials, finished goods and variety of hygroscopic and perishableitems.

Scientific Storage Facilities for more than 200 commodities including hygroscopic andperishable items through network of 487 warehouses in India with its 5,765 trainedpersonnel.

Import and Export Warehousing facilities at its 36 Container Freight Stations in ports and

inland stations.

Bonded Warehousing facilities .

Disinfestation services.

Handling, Transportation & Storage of ISO Containers.


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CWCS FORAYS INTO DEVELOPMENT OF RAILSIDE

COMPLEXES :

Railways has vast network for not only operating passenger trains but also for freightmovement, an imminent need was assessed to augment the utilization level of Railwaytransportation system so as to reduce the pressure on road traffic by making it costeffective and efficient operation for the trade. As such, concept of Rail Side Warehousingfacilities was evolved by the Corporation as value addition to the rail transport systemwhich extends benefits to the users in avoiding multiple handling of their stocks andresultant escapable losses on this account; curtailing handling cost and having a hasslefree efficient operation.

For transforming the concept into tangible shape, CWC successfully developed a pilotproject of Rail Side Warehousing facility at Whitefield, Bangalore in association withSouth Western Railway in February 2002 and on the strength of fruitful effect of this

project on the front of increase in traffic/freight revenue and the kind of satisfaction thattrade enjoyed out of it on availing this value added services in the arena of railtransportation, CWC and Ministry of Railway joined their hand in the avenue ofdeveloping Rail Side Warehousing facilities at 22 strategic locations of Railway Terminalto provide better services through total logistic solution to Rail users for, not only toattract additional traffic, but also to provide a cost beneficial and efficient transport cumstorage service to the trade under single window concept.

Under the purview of MoU entered between MoR and CWC, the Corporation hascommenced the expansion of RWC facilities at Whitefiled, Bangalore to meet evengrowing demand of users. The Corporation has started construction of RWC facilities at Nishatpura (Bhopal) - West Central Railway; Shakurbasti (Delhi); Alamnagar

(Lucknow); Roza (Shahjahanpur) - all under Northern Railway and Sanathnagar(Hyderabad) - South Central Railway after the agreements entered with respectiveDivisional Railway Managers.

A subsidiary in the name of"Central Railside Warehouse Company Ltd." wasincorporated on 10.07.2007, under the Companies Act 1956 which commenced itsbusiness on 24.07.2007.

Aircargo Complexes :

Ambitious expansion of CWC over the years has also brought CWC in the operation ofAircargo Complexes which is a major step towards providing complete services as amulti-modaltransportoperator.


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Presently, CWC is operating 4 Aircargo Complexes at the International Airports ofAmritsar, Goa, Singanallur and Virugambakkam besides managing theaccompanied/mishandled cargo warehouse at Indira Gandhi International Airport at NewDelhi.

Disinfestation and Pest Control Services :

Govt. of India, vide Notification dated 23rd March 1968, entrusted additionalresponsibility to CWC to undertake Disinfestation/Pest Control Services beyond itswarehouses in respect of Agricultural produce or other notified commodities.

Over the years, CWC has developed the expertise in Pest Management in the followingareas

Rodent Control House hold Pest Management- Cockroaches, Mosquitoes, House Flies, Bed Bugs,

Spiders, Lizards, Carpet Beetles, Fleas, Crickets, Ants, Wasps, Locusts etc. Storage Pest Management. Anti-termite treatments (Pre & Post Construction) Container Fumigation. Ship Fumigation(on Board) Pre-shipment fumigation of Export Cargo Rail Coach disinfestations Aircraft disinfestations Hospital & Nursing Homes Treatments

Disinfestations of Hotels & Restaurants Disinfestations of Commercial Complexes & Office premises. Disinfestations of Oil Refineries Disinfestations of Airports & Ports Disinfestations of Delhi Metro Rail Premises

CWC the only organization in the public sector recognized by the Directorate of PlantProtection Quarantine and Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India as well as theExport Inspection Council of India to undertake Pre-shipment fumigation and Ship (on board) fumigation of exportable commodities. CWC earned a major breakthrough in

disinfestation of aircrafts of Air India using timer device. CWC has thus earned thestatus of a National Pest Control Agency.

CWC has taken lead in accreditation of its pest control operators under newly introduced National Standards on Phytosanitary Measures NSPM 11 & 12 to facilitate MBrfumigation treatment of export/import cargo carrying wood packaging material (WPM) incompliance to the FAO/IPPC guidelines issued through International Standard on


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Phytosanitary Measures ISPM -15. Under this accreditation regime, the Corporation iscatering to quarantine treatments at the following major centres:-

CFS-JN Port CFS-Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu).

CFS-Chennai CFS-Adalaj (Ahmedabad) CFS-Kandla Port (Gandhidham) CFS-Vizag CFS-Whitefield (Bangalore) CFS-Panambur (Mangalore) ICD-Patparganj (Delhi) CW-Nampally (Hyderabad) CW-Kakinada (Hyderabad) CWC-Regional Office, Bhopal CWC-Regional Office, Kolkata

CW-Cochin (Hyderabad) CWC-Regional Office, Mumbai

Major clients of CWC for pest control services include:-

Many leading grain exporters. Shippers for containerized cargo. Indian Railways. Air India Air Sahara

Air Deccan Indian Airlines Jet Airways. Airport Authority of India Indian Oil Corporation GAIL (India) Limited Reserve Bank of India AIIMS. Central Public Works Department. VSNL, ONGC, AIR etc.

Pre-shipment fumigation and ship fumigation facilities are offered at the followingports:-

Mundra

Kandla

Jamnagar

Pipavav

Mangalore/Karwar

Tuticorin


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Visakhapatnam

Kakinada

Kolkata

Haldia

Navi Mumbai

Port Blair

Some of the Grain exporters who have availed CWCs pest control services during therecent past include:-

Satnam Overseas

Cargill India Ltd.

Adani Exports Ltd.

MMTC

PEC

STC

Vicnivas Agencies

PUNSUP

Seaways

Bishan Swaroop Ram Kishan Agro

Olam International

LMJ International

SS Exports

V. Arjun

Vishal Exports

Ruchi Soya

VASS Exports

CWC also takes POD guarantee for off-loading pest free cargo at the foreign destinations(country of import) at a nominal cost in addition to the usual fumigation charges.

CWC is keen to enter into agreements with users for providing Pest Control Services as well asStrategic Alliance with other pest control service providers/firms dealing with pest control relatedactivities for further widening its clientele.

Operations At CFSs / ICDs :

Container port stations is the port facility for loading and unloading containerized cargo to

and from the ship. It is also called as container terminal


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Inland clearance depot is a place approved by HM Revenue & Customs to which goods

imported in containers/vehicles may be removed for entry, examination and clearance, and

at which goods intended for export in container/vehicles may be made available for export

control.

Filing of sub-Manifest and Transhipment Pemit (SMTP) by the Shipping Line / CHA .

Movement of containers to designated ICDs / CFSs

Filing of Import General Manifest (IGM) by shipping Lines / CHA . In other wordsDeclaration of Cargo Details

Destuffing (Unloading)

Preparation of Tally-sheet with reference to IGM

Inventorisation

Filing of Bill of Entry (BOE) for clearance of cargo either by Importer/CHA with the

customs Customs Examination

Assesment

Clearance

Issue of out-of-Charge (release Order)

Assesment of warehousing charges and collection.

Services at ICD/CFS :

Exports Imports

Receipt of export cargo Movement of Import containers from the port

In-House customs examination De-stuffing of LCL and FCL containers

Export cargo aggregation and storage Customs Examination

Preshipment Disinfestation of containers aswell as of export cargo.

Bonded Warehousing facilities

Cargo stuffing under custom supervision


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List of Container Freight Stations and Inland Clearance Depots

CWC had envisaged the problems in the movement of imported and exportable goods to andfrom the port towns and transcended the hurdles by developing an extensive infrastructure ofContainer Freight Stations & Inland Clearance Depots throughout the country. Today CWCoperates 36 CFSs/ ICDs where composite services for containerised movement of import/exportcargo are provided.

Name Of

CFS / ICD

City Capacity (sq. Mtrs.)

Covered Open

GREATER NOIDA NOIDA 7242 36000

PATPARGANJ DELHI 12000 12522

ROYAPURAM CHENNAI 2862 -

PUNE PUNE 2700 -

ADALAJ AHMEDABAD 8261 10610

VIRUGAMBAKKAM CHENNAI 23000 10000

D.NODE NAVI MUMBAI 50527 54550

KOLKATA KOLKATA 10,476 10000

MADHAVARAM CHENNAI 5576 11000

HALDIA KOLKATA 3737 2015

KANPUR KANPUR 2587 2855

SINGANALLUR COIMBATORE 1650 1650KANDLA GANDHIDHAM 6480 15875

BHADOHI BHADOHI 2652 2189

PANAMBUR MANGALORE 420 560

NASIK NASIK 884 775

LONI DELHI 18369 34000

KUKATPALLY HYDERABAD 2758 9300

WALUJ MAHARASHTRA 1788 -

DASHRATH VADODARA 5256 5000


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SAHARANPUR SAHARANPUR 683 2413

WHITEFIELD BANGALORE 12996 10172

VERNA GOA 1858 1890

DNODE DISTRIC PARK NAVI MUMBAI 16425 48660

TUTICORIN TUTICORIN 7770 10000

VAPI VAPI 200 9176

VIZAG VISAKHAPATNAM 2790 25825NSEZ NOIDA 1482 -

KALAMBOLI NAVI MUMBAI 5419 10398

KANDLA PORT KANDLA 12000 54000

KUNDLI SONEPAT 2927 11445

LOGISTIC PARK NAVI MUMBAI 8580 39900

IMPEX PARK NAVI MUMBAI 6585 22500

MUNDRA AHMEDABAD 18750 69990

CHROMPET CHENNAI 4060 8700

General Terms :

Types Of Goods Accepted For Storage :

In accordance with the provisions of Warehousing Corporations Act 1962 CWC storesagricultural produce , seeds , manures , fertilizers , agricultural implements and notifiedcommodities offered by individuals , cooperative societies and other institutes .

In pursuance of the above , following commodities are accepted for storage :- Foodstiffs , EdibleOil-seeds , Cattle fodder , Oil cakes , Raw Cotton & Cotton Seeds , Raw Jute , Vegetable Oil andNotified Commodities

Acceptance Of Goods :

First come First served AND Reservation

Procedure for receipt , storage , handling and delivery of goods prescribed in resp StateWarehousing Corporation Acts and Rules and Instructions issued by CWC from time to time

Warehouse Receipt Goods are inspected , weighed to determine quality and quantity . Awarehouse receipt is issued . WR can be Negotiable/Non-negotiable

For part/full delivery of goods WR is to be surrendered

Insurance :

Corporation undertakes to exercise reasonable care & diligence as reqd of a bailee . Liability ofCorpn. Limited to the value of goods at the time of deposit or on the date of occurance of loss ,


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whichever is less. Stocks normally insured/indemnified against risk of fire , floods , theft , housebreaking and burglary.

Depositor is reqd to cooperate with Corpn in event of any loss for finalizing claim compensationby insurance. CWC is at discretion for additional insurance against risk of riots , strikes and civil

commotion in addition to the usual warehousing charges .

Reservation :

Min. reservation for ONE complete month in terms of packages or area in the first instance .Reservation For NO. of packages or on AREA basis . The min. area being 1000 sq ft. (93 sqmtrs.) Extension of reservation for min. ONE month. Reservation ordinarily for fullcompartment. On area basis load not to exceed 0.33 MT per sq. ft. Indication of commodity forreservation. Space reqd will be determined on formula & stack height by CWC. The decision isfinal & binding on depositor.

Charges for entire space reserved . Not for actual utilized. If storage charges exclusive ofinsurance , advalorem charges on max. market value on any day of the month. Only one turnover permitted in one month. If exceeds, charges on weekly/monthly basis. Over and abovecharges on normally/monthly basis. Extension only before expiry and for full month. Afterexpiry fresh reservation. Non Extension , general charges. Reservation in excess of one monthcan be curtailed by giving one month notice.

Handling & Transport

Normally H & T arrangements by Depositor and such cost is borne by them. Depositor mayentrust H&T work to CWC , where he has made reservation for space. Corporation will claimfrom the depositor for the services rendered. H&T includes rail head handling , transporation ,unloading , weighment , stocking , rebagging , salvaging , standardization , destacking andloading etc. Corporation will claim H&T charges , supervision charges on bills and otherincidental expenses from depositor. Depositor should send Freight paid basis stocks andRailway Receipts should reach WM in advance. In case of To Pay basis RRs depositor willreimburse the charges to Corporation alongwith supervision charges.

In case of tender enquiry , depositor has to reimburse charges alongwith supervision charges

payable to appointed H&T Contractor. In case of shortage , a certificate will be obtained fromrailway and if so obtained would be made available to depositor. No responsibility for claim withrailways. In case said to container RRs it will be at risk of depositor.

Distribution and Sale of goods :


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The Corporation also undertakes at its discretion , the work of distribution for depositor onmutually agreed terms and conditions. The applicable commission charges are payable inaddition to the storage , H&T and supervision charges.

Payment of Corporations Dues :

Corporation as bailee has first lien on the good. Dues are payable at the time of delivery. In casenon payment , Corporation can recover its dues by exercising its lien by disposal of good. In caseof incorporate bodies bills are raised. The depositor will be reqd to pay same within 20 days.Billsraised by Corporation are required to be paid depositor in full. Claims be raised separately.

Storage Charges :Realization of Storage Charges so determined by CWC from time to time for the servicesrendered. One month notice by CWC for revision of storage charges. Storage charges realizableeither at delivery or on accrual.

Storage charges are payable on monthly and weekly basis :

First Week : 44% of the monthly tariff

First two weeks : 68% of the monthly tariff

First three weeks : 88% of the monthly tariff

First four weeks

and upto 30 days : As per monthly tariff

MONTH means a period of 30 days. The minimum period for which storage charges arepayable is one week.

Rent Element :


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Rent element refers to rental cost per bag per month linked to a particular percentage of capacityutilization. It can be worked out as under :-

(Total monthly rent / Total capacity ) * ( 100 / Utilisation percentage )

HIGH RATED WAREHOUSES :

At some centres , the operational cost is higher than the standard rated warehouses. Suchwarehouses are mostly located at metropolitan cities , port towns , State Capitals and maincommercial centres. Storage charges rates for these warehouses are fixed at a higher levelkeeping in view , the operational cost and other relevant factors .

AREA RATES :

Storage space is also provided to the depositors on area basis. The area rates are derived from thebasic standard rates fixed for different warehouses.

RATE FOR BONDED SPACE :

Warehousing charges for bonded space are determined keeping in view the requirement of largerpercentage of alleyways , operation space for fork lifts , height utilization , bondwide storage ,posting of Customs staff on cost recovery basis.

It is to be noted that rates for each commodity differs. The above were only the factorsdetermining the total tariff. Tariff for each commodity has been attached.

Date post:	29-May-2018
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