Exame Discursivo • Vestibular Estadual 2001 36 INGLÊS TEXTO I Com base no texto I, responda, em INGLÊS, às questões de números 01 a 04. Questão 01 Questão 01 Questão 01 Questão 01 Questão 01 Cite three characteristics of the machine mentioned in the text. Questão 02 Questão 02 Questão 02 Questão 02 Questão 02 Millennium Jet (...) is developing the SoloTrek (...) Explain why the word solo is part of the name given to the machine. Questão 03 Questão 03 Questão 03 Questão 03 Questão 03 Supply three applications of the machine. Questão 04 Questão 04 Questão 04 Questão 04 Questão 04 Previous attempts to develop personal flying machines have ended in failure. Point out the main reason for the failure of the Rocket Belt machine. NASA to test personal flying machine the idea, said he expected recreational use to develop later. Previous attempts to develop personal flying machines have ended in failure. A machine called the Rocket Belt was developed in the 1970s and appeared briefly in the James Bond film Thunderball. It proved impractical since it could only fly for 30 seconds before running out of fuel. William Warmbrodt, chief of the aeromechanics branch at the NASA Ames Research Centre in California, said it remained to be seen whether the SoloTrek concept will take off. “Stability, control and practicality of the design have always been beyond the here and now. It may turn out that the SoloTrek is not feasible, yet it will help us take a step towards a more feasible system,” he said. By Deutsche Press-Agentur August 24, 2000. www.ngnews.com LONDON – Batman will soon be sweeping down on criminals using a personal helicopter developed by a company based in California, according to a report in the journal New Scientist. The SoloTrek is a personal flying machine that can whizz a person over rooftops and traffic jams at 120 kilometres per hour. It is powered by two fans enclosed in protective casings attached to a structure the pilot stands up in. The fans allow the device to take off and land vertically, and can be tilted to provide forward thrust. Millennium Jet, a company based in Santa Clara, California, is developing the SoloTrek with technical support from NASA. The machine, which has a range of 250 kilometres, is initially intended for use by the armed forces, police and rescue workers, but former U.S. navy pilot Mike Moshier, who came up with
Transcript
Exame Discursivo • Vestibular Estadual 200136
INGLÊSINGLÊS
TEXTO I
Com base no texto I, responda, em INGLÊS, às questões de números 01 a 04.
Previous attempts to develop personal flying machines have ended in failure.
Point out the main reason for the failure of the Rocket Belt machine.
NASA to test personal flying machine
the idea, said he expected recreational use todevelop later.
Previous attempts to develop personal flyingmachines have ended in failure. A machinecalled the Rocket Belt was developed in the1970s and appeared briefly in the James Bondfilm Thunderball. It proved impractical sinceit could only fly for 30 seconds before runningout of fuel.
William Warmbrodt, chief of theaeromechanics branch at the NASA AmesResearch Centre in California, said itremained to be seen whether the SoloTrekconcept will take off. “Stability, control andpracticality of the design have always beenbeyond the here and now. It may turn out thatthe SoloTrek is not feasible, yet it will help ustake a step towards a more feasible system,”he said.
By Deutsche Press-AgenturAugust 24, 2000.www.ngnews.com
LONDON – Batman will soon be sweepingdown on criminals using apersonal helicopterdeveloped by a companybased in California,according to a report inthe journal New Scientist.
The SoloTrek is a personalflying machine that canwhizz a person over
rooftops and traffic jams at 120 kilometres perhour. It is powered by two fans enclosed inprotective casings attached to a structure thepilot stands up in. The fans allow the device totake off and land vertically, and can be tiltedto provide forward thrust.
Millennium Jet, a company based in SantaClara, California, is developing the SoloTrekwith technical support from NASA. Themachine, which has a range of 250 kilometres,is initially intended for use by the armed forces,police and rescue workers, but former U.S.navy pilot Mike Moshier, who came up with
Exame Discursivo • Vestibular Estadual 200137
INGLÊS
TEXTO II
Com base no texto II, responda, em PORTUGUÊS, às questões de números 05 a 09.
Establish the cause and effect relation between weight and eating restrictions.
GIRLS: Dieting Damage
Weight-conscious mothers beware: countingyour young daughter’s calories – and your own –may lead her to develop unhealthful eatinghabits.
In a recent study published in the AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition, 5-year-old girlswhose mothers restricted them from eatingsweet, savory, energy-dense foods on a dailybasis consumed about 50% more of these foodswhen presented with them – even on a fullstomach – than girls who were allowed toinclude these foods in their everyday diet.
“Heavier girls get more restrictions, butrestriction leads to greater intake,” explainsstudy author Leann Birch, Ph.D., head ofPennsylvania State University’s humandevelopment department. “It’s a case of thechicken and the egg, and we don’t know whichcame first”. Birch asked 192 girls what they
knew about dieting, and was surprised to learnthat roughly half recognized its link to weight.And all of the girls who knew about dietinghad a mother who was watching her ownweight.
Birch hopes to monitor the girls over the next10 years to learn how and when other concernsabout weight and dieting emerge. She believesthat instead of restricting children from eatingcertain foods, parents should regularly presenttheir kids with healthy snacks, but still allowoccasional treats. “Restriction
focuses kids onfood, so they learn to eat in its presence insteadof paying attention to internal clues,” Birch said.
By Kelly McCarthy, Psychology Today Online, September/2000.
Birch gives parents a suggestion in the last paragraph.
Reproduce in your own words the suggestion offered by Birch.
TEXTO III
Capoeira Music ReviewsCapoeira Angola From Salvador Brazil
It is quite a challenge to track down capoeiramusic on CD outside of Brazil, so it’s greatthat this recording is available! It’s on theSmithsonian Folkways album, and any recordstore in the country will be able to get it foryou. In the worst case, you can order online atAmazon.com, or heck, write the SmithsonianInstitute (that big tourist museum in Washington,D.C.) for their catalog and order it directlythrough them! But enough about how to getit, you want to know how this recording stacksup, right?
Well, not only do you get an impressive musicalrecording here, you get a beautifully designedCD cover and liner notes! As for the music,you get roughly 68 minutes of capoeira music,including ten minutes from a live roda, with
lyric sheets. As this is a recording of capoeiraAngola music, the tempos are either slow ormedium...not too many fast tempos on thisrecording. But the music is wonderful! Itcaptures the resonance and contrast of theinstruments and voices well, and has a very“live” presence to it. It feels like you are in thesame room, preparing to play a very focusedjogo! On the 10 minute live track, you can feelthe energy push and pull between theinstruments and the players in the game,which occurs in the best of rodas. Occasionallyyou hear the ohs and ahs and laughter of thepeople as someone has obviously pulled off animpressive or tricky move! Featuring thevoices and playing of such capoeira luminariesas Mestre Joao Grande, Mestre Cobra Mansa,& Mestre Moraes, this is a must buy!
The liner notes is what makes this CD sonoteworthy. They read as a great introductionto the art of capoeira - about the music, thehistory of the game. There is also informationabout the recording and those involved, andlyrics! The notes are both in English andPortuguese. Outstanding overall!
http://www.planetcapoeira.com/music_review.htm
Exame Discursivo • Vestibular Estadual 200139
INGLÊS
Com base no texto III, responda, em PORTUGUÊS, às questões de números 10 a 14.
Who owns your genes?Not all the questions raised by genomics arescientific ones (01st July 2000).
(...)
The question of who should know what abouta person’s genes is likely to be longer-lived.At the moment, genetic information iscollected for two reasons - medical and legal.The fear is that it may be misused to makejudgments that should not, and in many casescannot, properly be made using it.
Legal genetic databases are being built up inmany places. In general, the principle usedto add genetic material to a database is thesame as for fingerprinting. This principle isthat samples are taken from suspects in caseswhere it may help, but those samples aredestroyed if no conviction ensues.
Another question in this connection is whatinformation is stored in medical geneticdatabases, and by whom. Even now, it isclearly in a person’s interest for his doctorto have as much relevant genetic informationas possible. That will be even truer when andif genomic diagnosis and treatment becomesa reality, and even if the “doctor” is then acomputer-based expert system. It may wellnot be in someone’s interest, however, for hisemployer or insurance company to have thatinformation. Employers may not, for all sortsof reasons, want to take on people theyperceive to be unhealthy. Medical-insurance
companies or, in America, health-maintenance organisations, certainly willnot want such customers - or, at the least, willwant to charge them higher premiums. (...)
This is a serious issue for policymakers. Onesolution, proposed by Matt Ridley, a Britishcommentator on the social consequences ofgenetic knowledge, might be the creation ofmedical-treatment funds, similar to pensionfunds. The size of a fund, and the point whenit needed to mature, could be gauged in thelight of predicted illnesses. If cheaper curescame along in the meantime, contributionscould be adjusted downwards. If thepreviously incurable became medicallytractable, they could go up. An alternative,and the one proposed by Sir Walter Bodmer,a British scientist who helped to get theHuman Genome Project off the ground, isthat all countries would need to have state-run health services.
O texto de opinião segue um processo lógico de apresentação dos argumentos que estruturamo ponto de vista do enunciador. Neste texto, existem quatro etapas de estruturação: apresentaçãodo problema, defesa de ponto de vista pessoal, ampliação do argumento e conclusão.
Indique os parágrafos nos quais se localiza a segunda etapa.
O autor denuncia um conflito que envolve interesses corporativos dentro da política. Percebe-se,no entanto, que se apresentam soluções para o problema.
Identifique uma solução para tal conflito apontada no texto.
A referência, no quarto parágrafo, à doña Rosa é uma exemplificação que funciona como recursoargumentativo para discutir a atuação de uma parte da imprensa.
Pour protéger les moutons des attaques des ours, quelques éleveurs utilisent la technique deschiens de garde patou qui reçoit l’appui du programme “ours” .
Identifiez le procédé qui assure l’efficacité de cette technique.
Exame Discursivo • Vestibular Estadual 200131
FRANCÊS
TEXTO II
Com base no texto II, responda, em PORTUGUÊS, às questões de números 05 a 09.
On s’y retrouve entre amis, on y mange, on y travaille...
Le choix du pronom on – qui se répète plusieurs fois dans le texte – est une stratégie discursiveemployée par l’auteur visant à provoquer un effet chez le lecteur.
Expliquez cet effet.
TEXTO III
Exame Discursivo • Vestibular Estadual 200133
FRANCÊS
Com base no texto III, responda, em PORTUGUÊS, às questões de números 10 a 14.
Aponte um dos resultados que a má informação pode trazer para o cidadão.
TEXTO IV
Le mercredi 19 juillet 2000
Il faut s’inquiéter des signes avant-coureurs , révélateurs d’une dérive del ’ in format ion préjudic iab le au bonfonctionnement de nos sociétés démocratiques.Un citoyen bien informé est un citoyen libre ;un citoyen mal informé est prisonnier d’unsystème dans lequel les fortunes dictent lesrègles du jeu. Sans compter les faussaires quipeuvent en toute impunité voiler la vérité,ânonner des textes tendancieux, servir desintérêts plus ou moins avouables, flétrir desréputations, briser des vies, et dormir commedes loirs avec la satisfaction du devoiraccompli.
Les contre-pouvoirs sont l’essencemême de la démocratie : le législatif surveillel’exécutif lequel peut être censuré par lejudiciaire. Malheureusement le «quatrièmepouvoir », sinon le premier, celui d’informer,relais entre les gouvernants et les gouvernés,n’est l’objet d’aucune surveillance véritable,hormis des recours terriblement onéreux et desdésespérantes lenteurs devant les tribunaux. Avecle résultat que le citoyen ordinaire ou lapersonne morale victimes de désinformation,de libelle, de diffamation, n’obtiendront jamaisréparation des torts qui leur sont causés. « Jene conseillerais pas à mon pire ennemi depoursuivre en libelle ou en diffamation,malgré le bien fondé de sa cause, me disait un
avocat réputé, en raison des lenteurs et descoûts du système judiciaire. » Bref, silenceaux pauvres! taisez-vous ! et endurez !(...)
Le pouvoir magistral d’informer,détenu dans la majorité des cas par depuissants intérêts financiers, surplombedésormais le législatif , l’exécutif et lejudiciaire. Cela est malsain pour ladémocratie. Les accusations hurlées sur cinqcolonnes à la une et les acquittements publiéscomme des petites annonces sont des travestisd’équité et de justice.
Les limites de la liberté d’informers’arrêtent au droit naturel des femmes et deshommes à la présomption d’innocence, aurespect de leur réputation, de leur honneur,de leur intégrité et de la jouissance paisible deleur vie. Au-delà, c’est la voie ouverte à tousles arbitraires, aux insinuations, aux demi-vérités, aux mensonges par omission, autripotage et à la manipulation obscène del’information à des fins suspectes et déloyales.
Il devient urgent de coiffer le«quatrième pouvoir» d’un observatoire oud’une vigile des médias, composés depersonnalités de la société civile sans liensdirects ou indirects avec l’«industriejournalistique», avec des pouvoirs réels desanction et des moyens financiers adéquatspour protéger la société contre toute formede manipulation de l’information. Ce quiimplique des études ou des recherchesexhaustives sur le traitement de l’informationet la capacité pour les citoyennes et les citoyens,y compris les personnes morales, d’obtenirréparation dans des délais raisonnables.
Yves Michaud
Limites et responsabilitéde la liberté d’expression
* Journaliste à la retraitehttp://planete.qc.ca/flash/flash.asp?nochronique=19409&NoChron=74
