Ingles Sub1

MINISTERIO

DEL INTERIOR

GUARDIA CIVIL

Jefatura de Enseanza

Academia de GuardiasAcademia de GuardiasAcademia de GuardiasAcademia de Guardias y de Suboficialesy de Suboficialesy de Suboficialesy de Suboficiales de la Guardia Civilde la Guardia Civilde la Guardia Civilde la Guardia Civil bedabedabedabeda----Baeza (Jan).Baeza (Jan).Baeza (Jan).Baeza (Jan). Curso 2014/2015Curso 2014/2015Curso 2014/2015Curso 2014/2015

36 Promocin de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales

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DIBUJO DE JOS MARA BUENO CARRERA. LA GUARDIA CIVIL (ED. ALDABA MILITARIA)

Manual de uso exclusivo como material didctico de la Academia de Guardias y de Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil. beda-Baeza (Jan)

NIT Pgina READING SPECIFIC VOC. GRAMMAR VOCABULARY 1. THE CIVIL 4 The Civil Guard To be +, -, ? the alphabet GUARD Personal pronouns days of the week

Possessive adjectives countries and nationalities a / an, plurals personal information this/that, these/those greetings cardinal numbers

2. WEAPONS 19 More guns, Kinds of weapons Present simple +,-,? Jobs

less crime? Parts of a gun Frequency adverbs Family a / an + jobs Parts of the house Possessive 's Furniture Possessive pronouns(mine...) Of Object pronouns (me...)

3. THE ARMY 35 Military Salute Salute Order of adjectives Months Military ranks Comparative and superlatives Seasons Adverbs of manner Capital letters Telling the time Describing people The date Ordinal numbers Prepositions of time

4. CRIMES 55 Unmib police Crimes and Present Continuous Colours criminals Pres. simple vs. Pres. continuous Clothes Have got The Body The definite article THE Wh- questions 5. AT THE CUSTOMS

70 "Merging INS and Customs Countable/ uncountable Food

customs won't a/an, some/any Drinks

solve the problems" how much, how many At a restaurant

quantifiers: a lot, not much, few There is/ there are

6. ASKING FOR 86 Driving tests Documents Past simple of to be The weather DOCUMENTS Past simple there be Nature Past simple Regular verbs Irregular verbs

7. MEANS OF 94 Helicopters Means of transport Past continuous Society: the legal system

TRANSPORT Past simple vs. Past continuous Society: the government Linkers: while... Irregular plurals

XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales

Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil beda-Baeza (Jan) 2

8. CARS

106 Cars

Parts of the car

Will/going to / present continuous Reflexive pronouns Reciprocal pronouns

Holidays Hobbies and interests

9. DRIVING

121 Driving tips

Traffic

can/can't, could/couldn't be able to may /might

Technology

10. POLICING

Police equipment

Must / have to should

11. IN CASE OF ACCIDENT

Accident report

Accident report

Imperative Giving directions Offers and requests Prepositions of place

Places in the city Places to go

12. DRUGS

Drug-related crime in Spain

Drugs

Present perfect Present perfect vs. Past simple Yet, Still, already, since, for Participles

Health

13. DETENTION REPORT AND INFORMATION OF RIGHTS

Detention report and information of crimes

Passive voice, present and past

The Media



1. THE CIVIL GUARD



The Civil Guard The Civil Guard is the first public security force of military nature

created at a national level in Spain to combat the alarming lawlessness1 in the roads and lands of the country due to the activities of bandits since the War of Independence.

The Duke of Ahumada organizes this new Institution. He takes as a model the pattern2 set in France by the Gendarmerie and in Catalonia by the existing Mossos dEscuadra. The Duke of Ahumada personally shapes this new force with strict regulations and its famous Code of Practice.

This document establishes the character of the Civil Guard: strong discipline, sense of sacrifice, meritorious spirit and loyalty.

The Force has the mission of protecting people and properties within and outside urban settlements and always assumes all tasks related to public order protection. As its efficiency become apparent, the Civil Guard gets more responsibilities: crime investigation police, customs, public assistance, rural protection and military police. The service is carried out by a team of two officers. Since its beginning the Civil Guard also carries out the policing of roads with the creation of the Traffic Grouping in 1959.

The Civil Guard plays an important role3 in combating organised crime, the Nineteenth Century banditry, the maquis phenomenon in post war times, as well as in fighting ETA. In addition to this, the Civil Guard currently renders important services in peacekeeping missions.

In short, the Civil Guard is one of the most appreciated Spanish heritages4, an institution that intends to serve its citizens adapting itself to the modernity of this new era, at the same time that it is required to preserve the traditional virtues that have distinguished its daily work during the last 150 years.

1. Reading comprehension.

a. Define The Civil Guard using your own words.

b. What does the Code of Practice establish?

c. Functions of the Institution.

2. Vocabulary.

d. Find in the text a synonym for STRICTNESS.

e. Find in the text a synonym for ILLEGALITY.

f. Find in the text an opposite for DISLOYALTY.

3. Translate: The Force has the mission of protecting people within and outside urban settlements.

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Non existence of laws.

2. Model.

3. Function.

4. Things that have been passed on from earlier generations.



THE ALPHABETTHE ALPHABETTHE ALPHABETTHE ALPHABET

It is necessary to use a special alphabet to show the pronunciation of English words, because the ordinary English alphabet does not have enough letters to represent all the sounds of the language.

- How do you spell army? - /ei, a:, em, wai/

The military alphabetThe military alphabetThe military alphabetThe military alphabet It is interesting to know that there is a military alphabet and we can have a look as a curiosity. In the Army, people use these letters for communicating, to transmit a message by means a secret code.

A:Alpha

B:Bravo

C:Charlie

D:Delta

E:Echo

F:Foxtrot

G:Golf

H:Hotel

I:India

J:Juliet

K:Kilo

L:Lima

M:Mike

N:November

O:Oscar

P:Papa

Q:Quebec

R:Romeo

S:Sierra

T:Tango

U:Uniform

V:Victor

W:Whiskey

X:Xray

Y:Yankee

Z:Zulu



Affirmative Short form Interrogative Short answers

I am Im Am I? Yes, I am/ No, I am not

You are Youre Are you? Yes, you are/ No, you arent.

He is Hes Is he? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt

She is Shes Is she? Yes, she is/ No, he isnt

It is Its Is it? Yes, it is/ No, it isnt

We are Were Are we? Yes, we are/ No, we arent

You are Youre Are you? Yes, you are/ No, you arent

They are Theyre Are they?. Yes, they are/ No, they arent

Negative Short form

I am not I m not

You are not You arent

He is not He isnt

She is not She isnt

It is not It isnt

We are not We arent

You are not You arent

They are not They arent

The verb TO BE: present simple



1.Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.

a. The weather ________very nice today. b. I________not tired. c. These cases __________very heavy. d. The dog_____________asleep. e. I__________hot. Can you open the window? f. This castle_______one hundred years old. g. My brother and I_____good tennis players. h. Ann_________at home but her children_____at school.

2.Write affirmative or negative sentences using the verb to be. a. Paris / the capital of France. b. __________________________________________________________ c. I / interested in football. d. ___________________________________________________________ e. My father /hungry. f. ___________________________________________________________ g. It /warm today. h. ___________________________________________________________ i. Rome / in Spain. j. ___________________________________________________________ k. They / afraid of snakes. l. ___________________________________________________________ m. My hands / cold. n. ___________________________________________________________ o. Canada / a very big country. p. ___________________________________________________________ q. The Amazon / in Africa. r. ___________________________________________________________



3.Complete the text with the correct affirmative or negative form of the verb be.

I (1) .................... from London. My best friend, Mike, and I (2) .................... 12 years old,

but my friend Paul (3) .................... (not) 12, hes 13 years old. They (4) .................... (not)

interested in computers, they like sport. We like school. It (5) .................... interesting.

THANK

YOU!

CONGRATULATIONS!

GOOD

AFTERNOON! GOOD

MORNING!

GREETINGS

GREETINGS, informal



COUNTRY Australia Belgium Bulgaria Denmark England Germany Holland Iran Ireland Japan Morocco Portugal Scotland Sweden Turkey

NATIONALITY Australian Belgian Bulgarian Danish English German Dutch Iranian Irish Japanese Moroccan Portuguese Scottish Swedish Turkish

COUNTRY Austria Brazil China Egypt France Greece India Iraq Italy Lebanon Poland Russia Spain Switzerland USA

NATIONALITY Austrian Brazilian Chinese Egyptian French Greek Indian Iraqui Italian Lebanese Polish Russian Spanish Swiss American

4.Complete with the right country or nationality. a. Im from Holland, Im _____________. b. He is from _________, he is German. c. She is________, she is from Denmark. d. My friend is Chinese, he is from_______. e. Im from France, Im__________.

PLEASE!

YOURE

WELCOME! EXCUSE ME!

SORRY! GOOD LUCK!

GOOD

EVENING!

GOOD

NIGHT!

GLAD TO MEET

YOU

SEE YOU

LATER! PLEASED TO MEET YOU!

GOOD BYE! BYE-BYE!



5. Choose a partner and make a dialogue with him or her. Dont forget to ask everything you have learnt before (name,nationality, age etc.). You can start in this way:

Hello, My name is. etc

6. Complete the text about yourself.

Hello! My names .................................. and Im ............................................. years old. Im from

............................................................. and I live Ive got

. I like . . My favourite

.......................................... is ......................................... and my favourite

.. .



The possessive adjectives, as their own name indicates us, express possession. In English, there is a different adjective for every person. You must not forget that these are adjectives and they have to be linked to a noun.

MY Mi YOUR tu HIS Su (de l) HER Su (de ella) ITS Su (utilizado para animales y cosas) OUR Nuestro/a, nuestros/as YOUR Vuestro/a, vuestros/as THEIR Su (de ellos)

Examples: My house is very big. Your dog isnt at its kennel. Their car is very fast. Her hair is very long.

7. Put the suitable possesive adjective where it corresponds: This is Mary. brother is a student. Peter has a bike. bike is red. Ann and John speak English. .. nationality is English. The dog is in the garden. kennel is near the door. . Name is Ralph. I have two sisters. names are Alice and Noreen. We are Peter and Mary. . Son is a doctor.

8. Complete the dialogue with these words.

a) . .............. names Casey. ........................ fifteen. b) This is my............, Vince. Hes with his.................... . ............ names Sue. Theyre......................... c) This.............. is.................. neighbour. .................. names Terry. d) This............... is Peter. Sue is her............................. e) This is................... street...................... name is Victoria Road.

Girl her its boy best friend Hi our friend their sister Twins her Im my

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES



SINGULAR PLURAL

THIS THESE

THAT THOSE

We usually use this / these for things that are close in space or time. Here often follows.

e.g. This book here is mine. These tomatoes here are not good.

We usually use that / those for things that are further away in space or time. There, over there or an expression of place often follows.

e.g. That chair at the bottom is very small. Look at those men over there! They are very strange.

HERE THIS / THESE

THERE, OVER THERE THAT / THOSE

9. Complete with this / that / these / those.

a. ____cars over there are his. b. ____house here is very old. c. Please, put ___books here on ___shelves in the sitting room. d. Look at ___guy! He is very handsome. e. ____boys in the park are always quarrelling. f. ____women here are talking all day!. g. ____is my cousin Arthur. h. Can I borrow ____pencil here?

DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINERS



10. Write the English words for these numbers:

a) 10

b) 12

c) 19

d) 65

e) 86

f) 44

g) 37

h) 234

i) 1.555

j) 3.727

k) 5.986

l) 8582

m) 9143

n) 12.532

o) 124.815

p) 542.645

q) 843.378

r) 1.593.604

s) 3.314.020

t) 7.947.650



We use a before a consonantal sound and an before a vocalic sound.

e.g.: a clerk, a hundred, an office, an exam

But we must pay attention to:

e.g. a uniform, a university, an hour, an honest man.

The vowel u in uniform and university is a semivowel, that is, a sound like a vowel that functions as a consonant; therefore we have to use a instead of an.

The h in hour and honest is not aspirated, so we have to use an.

We use a/an: Before a singular countable noun:

e.g. a mask, an egg, a book

before jobs, measures, prices, numbers:

e.g. He is an engineer

a/one kilo, a/one pound, a/one hundred

when we refer to something or somebody for the first time:

e.g. I had a sandwich and an apple. The sandwich wasnt very good but the apple was nice.

in expressions such as:

e.g. once a day, twice a day, three times a month, etc.

11. Put in "a" or "an" before singular countable nouns

1.- ...sick child needs...doctor

2.- Mr. Brown is...bus driver

3.- His son is...pupil at...school near here

4.- He wants to be...engineer when he is..man

5.- ...author is...person who writes books

6.- My father is...author

7.- His brother is...teacher in...college

8.- Peter is studying to be...architect

9.-...little boy sometimes plays at being...fireman

10.- George is...mechanic in...garage

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/AN



Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

To make plural nouns, we usually add s to singular nouns:

Singular Plural House houses Book books

But we must pay attention to the spelling rules when we add s.

If the singular noun finishes in o, -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x we have to add es.

Singular Plural Potato Potatoes ( *but note video-videos; piano; pianos)

1

2

3

4

5 6

7

8

9

10

11

12 13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

21

22

23

24

25

26 27

28

29

30

PLURAL OF NOUNS (I)



Bus Buses Pass Passes Dish Dishes Watch Watches Box Boxes

If the singular noun finishes in vowel plus y we have to add s.

Singular Plural Day Days Boy Boys

If the singular noun finishes in consonant plus y, this y is replaced by i and then we add es.

Singular Plural

Baby babies

Family families

If the singular noun finishes in f/-fe the plural ending is then ves.

Singular Plural Knife knives (*but note belief-beliefs; proof-proofs;roof-roofs) Shelf shelves Life Lives

There are some singular nouns with an irregular plural:

Singular Plural Man men Woman women Mouse mice Child children Person people Tooth teeth Foot feet Fish fish Sheep sheep Deer deer Goose goose Bison bison

12. Write each noun in plural form. a. woman b. tooth c. half d. bison e. church f. boy g. colony h. box i. key

j. scarf k. fish l. bus m. dress n. calf o. kite p. knife q. computer r. foot

13. Turn these nouns into plural.

Table



Pencil

Wife

Pen

Man

Life

Window

Wish

Mouse

Deer

Library

Horse

Potato

Uncle

Victory

Toy

Witch

Goose

Lamp

Wolf

Chair

Policeman

Country

Person

City

This

That



2. WEAPONS



MORE GUNS, LESS CRIME?

1. In which of the following situations would you expect somebody to use a gun?

To defend oneself against an intruder in the house. In self-defence against an attacker on the street. To protect a child from a kidnapper. To hunt animals. To show that he/she is not afraid of the law. For sport.

2. Read the following text and prepare a summary.

(1) To permit somebody to do something.

(2) To signify.

(3) A thing that is thought to be true, but is not proved.

(4) To die in water because one cannot breathe.

(5) Causing injury.

(6) The punishment given by a lawcourt.

(7) To forbid something officially.

Does allowing(1) people to carry guns lead to more gun-related crimes and accidents?.

Law professor John Lott has come to a conclusion: more guns means(2) less crime. He has studied the FBIs crime figure for 18 years and has found that most assumptions(3) about gun control are wrong. Here are some of the arguments he uses:

1. Laws that allow people to carry guns are effective methods for reducing crime.

2. Road accidents, fire and drowning(4) result in more child deaths than gun-related incidents.

3. Laws permitting guns cause a significant decrease in murders, robberies and rapes.

Contradicting this opinion, Dale Gulbrantson, executive director of Illinois Police Association states: Lott destroys the politically correct argument that arming citizens will have a harmful(5) effect on their society.

The following examples speak for themselves:

In 1996, Dunblane, Scotland, UK, a madman killed a whole class of primary school children and their teacher.

In 2002 in Germany, a schoolboy killed several of his teachers and classmates.

In 2002, in the UK, two girls were killed in a suspected gang shooting.

Although there are laws controlling guns in Great Britain, the number of crimes with guns has increased. The current average sentence(6) for carrying an illegal gun is 18 months. There are plans to include a five-year minimum sentence for illegal possession of a firearm. It has also been suggested that air guns or any replicas should be banned(7) .



Kinds of weapons

Knife Machine-gun Missile / Missile launcher

Sword Submachine-gun Mine Gun

Pistol Assault Rifle Mortar Grenade/ Grenade launcher

(Double-barrelled) Shotgun Revolver Sniper gun

Cannon Rifle

Bomb Nuclear / Chemical weapon



Parts of a gun

Barrel Rear sight Front sight Ammunition

Butt Trigger Cartridge Magazine Bullet

Expressions

He is robbed at pistol point.

There is a bomb warning at the consulate.

The thief cant shoot his gun / pull the trigger.



Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I read I don't read Do I read?

You read You don't read Do You read?

He reads He doesn't read Does He read?

She reads She doesn't read Does She read?

It reads It doesn't read Does It read?

We read We don't read Do We read?

You read You don't read Do You read?

They read They don't read Do They read?

We use the simple present tense:

a) To talk about things in general.

E. g. Thousands of children go to school every day.

b) To say that something is a general truth.

E. g. The Earth goes round the sun.

c) To say that something happens all the time or repeatedly.

E. g. I usually get up at 8 oclock in the morning.

d) To say how often we do things. For this, we use frequency adverbs. They are: ALWAYS, USUALLY, NORMALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, SELDOM and NEVER. They are placed between the subject and the main verb.

I always get up early. Tom usually plays tennis in the afternoon. We normally go to Scotland in August. He never goes to school.

Present simple tense

Structure

Use



-Note: When the main verb is TO BE, frequency adverbs are placed after the verb.

My boss is often bad-tempered. I am always late for work. We are never at home in the mornings.

When the verb is in the third person singular (he / she 7 it), we add different endings depending on some rules.

a) We add s to most of the verbs.

e.g. Read-reads Work-works

b) We add es when the verb ends in ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o.

e.g. Teach-teaches miss-misses wash-washes go-goes do-does c) When the verb ends in consonant + y, the y changes into i and we add es.

e.g. study- studies apply-applies

1. Write the third person singular of the following verbs. Understand Do Work Know Smoke Play Fly Hit Buy Break Choose Listen Drive Catch Pay Kiss Dance Cry Speak Read

2. Complete the sentences using the following verbs.

Boil, close, make, cost, like, meet, open, speak, live, like

- Margaret _____________ four languages.

- In Britain banks usually ____________ at 9:30 in the morning.

- The City Museum _____________ at 8 oclock in the evening.

- My job is very interesting. I __________ a lot of people.

- Shoes are expensive. They ____________ a lot of money.

- Water ____________ at 100 Celsius.

- Julia and I are good friends. I __________ her and she _________ me.

- My parents _____________ in a very small flat.

- Bees ________ honey.

Spelling



3. Put the sentences in the correct order using the verbs in the correct form. Then turn them into

negative.

- (always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue always arrives early.

- (basketball / I / play / often) ________________________.

- (work / Margaret / hard / usually) ___________________ .

- (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) ________________.

- (dinner / have / we / always / at / 7:30) _________________.

- (television / Tim / watch / never) ____________________.

- (like / chocolate / children / usually) __________________.

- (Julia / parties / enjoy / always) ______________________.

4. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms (affirmative or negative).

- Sally_______ four languages: English, French, Spanish and German (speak).

- I ________ my job. Its very boring (like).

- Where is Martin? Im sorry. I ______________ (know).

- Sue is a very quiet person. She __________ very much (talk).

- Jim _________________ a lot of tea. Its his favourite drink (drink).

- That is a very beautiful picture. I ________ it very much (like).

- Mark is vegetarian. He ______________ meat (eat).

5. Put the sentences in the correct order using DO / DOES.

- (like / you / football / ?) _______________________________.

- (your / mother / like / football / ?) ________________________.

- (where / live / your / parents / ? _________________________.

- (snow / it / here / ?) _______________________________________.

- ( your / sister / work / here / ?) _____________________________.

- ( you / early / always / get up/ ?) ___________________________.



What do yo do?

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21.

22. 23. 24.



25. 26. 27.

31.

32.

33.

SURGEON SALES REP CHAMBERMAID BUTCHER HAIRDRESSER ACCOUNTANT CARPENTER JUDGE BAKER CASHIER SECRETARY BARBER CHEF

PAINTER BARMAN CLEANER OPTICIAN BUILDER DENTIST NURSE LAWYER PHOTOGRAPHER FIREMAN PLUMBER FISHMONGER POLICEMAN

PORTER FLIGHT ATTENDANT ENGINEER POSTWOMAN ELECTRICIAN RECEPTIONIST DOCTOR REPORTER WELDER SALES ASSISTANT WAITER SCIENTIST VET

28. 29. 30.

34. 35. 36.

37. 38. 39.



Possessive determiners

Possessive pronouns

My Mine

Your Yours

His His

Her Hers

Its Its

Our Ours

Your Yours

Their Theirs

- My, your, his, her, its, our and their are determiners although they are sometimes called possessive adjectives in grammars and dictionaries-. That means that they are followed by a noun or a noun phrase.

E. g. Have you seen my coat?

- Mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs are pronouns, used without following nouns.

E.g. That coat is mine. This is your paper. It is yours. She sold me her car. It was hers. This is our house. This is ours.

- To ask about possession we can use the following questions:

Whose book is this? Or Whose is this book? It is mine. Whose shoes are these? Or Whose are these shoes? They are his.

6. Complete the following dialogue with a possessive pronoun.

Andy: ______ cassettes are these? Judy: I think they are Helens. In fact, Im sure they are _________. Andy: ________ is this sweater? Is it ___________, Judy? Judy: Of course, its ____________! Its got my name on it. Andy: What about this Gameboy? Is it Sams? Judy: Yes, its __________ ; these are his initials. Andy: Are these your parents Cds? Judy: Of course theyre not _________. My parents dont like Guns and Roses!

7. Complete these sentences with adjectives and pronouns.

- He broke ________ left arm yesterday. - The man has long socks. ______ are________ socks. - The woman has only got a red glove and __________ is ________ glove. - Whose are those cars? They are ______. We bought them last month. - I have got a blouse. It is ________ blouse. - They have got a house. It is _________ house.

Possessive pronouns and determiners



We usually use s:

- For people or animals, except if it is too long.

E. g. The girls name. Mr Evans daughter. The horses leg. BUT: What is the name of the man who lent us the money?

- With time expressions (yesterday, next week, etc).

E. g. Have you still got yesterdays newspaper? Next weeks meeting has been cancelled. Todays lesson. Tomorrows party. This evenings match. Mondays television series.

- With periods of time:

E. g. Ive got a weeks holiday. I live near the station. Its only about 10 minutes walk.

Note: We can use s without a following noun.

E. g. This isnt my book. Its my brothers.

Note: We use s after more than one noun.

E. g. Jack and Jills wedding.

Note: If the word in which we use s ends in s (no matter if it is singular or plural) the saxon genitive becomes .

E. g. The boys friends.

We usually use of:

- For things, ideas

E.g. The roof of the garage. The name of the book., the reason of the problem.

- With expressions such as the beginning of, the top of, the bottom of, the front of, the back of, etc.

E. g. Lessons start at the beginning of the month. Im going away at the end of July. Write your name at the top of the page. Please, sign at the bottom of the document.

We can use both, s or of for places and organizations.

E. g. The citys new theatre or the new theatre of the city. The Governments decision or the decision of the Government. The companys success or the success of the company.

8. Join the nouns with s, of or both.

a) The owner / that car _________________ b) The mother / Ann ___________________ c) The jacket / that man _________________ d) The top / the page ____________________ e) The daughter / Charles ________________ f) The cause / the problem _______________ g) The birthday / my father _______________ h) The newspaper / yesterday ______________ i) The name / this street __________________ j) The toys / the children _________________ k) The new manager / the company_________ l) The result / the football match ____________ m) The garden / our neighbours______________ n) The ground floor / the building _____________ o) The children / Don and Mary ______________ p) The economic policy / the Government_______

The genitive and the OF structure



q) The husband / Catherine __________________ r) The husband / the woman talking to Mary_____ s) The car / the parents / Mike ________________ t) The wedding / the friend / Helen ____________

9. Write a new sentence beginning with the underlined words.

E. g. The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled. Tomorrows meeting has been cancelled.

a) The storm last week caused a lot of damage. _________________________________________________________________. b) The only cinema in the town has closed down. _________________________________________________________________. c) Exports from Britain to the United States have fallen recently. _________________________________________________________________. d) Tourism is the main industry in the region. _________________________________________________________________.

10. Choose the correct option

3.1) That red car in the street is ___________.

a) The Toms car b) Toms the car c) The Toms the car d) Toms car

3.2) Those green balls are _________________.

a) The girls balls b) The girls the balls c) girls the balls d) the girls balls

3.3) a) Marys cat is here b) The Marys cat is here

c) Marys the cat is here d) The Marys the cat is here

11. Rewrite the sentences using s

a) The toys of the children. _______________________________________________________________. b) The book of Paul. _______________________________________________________________. c) The cars of John _______________________________________________________________. d) The house of Peter _______________________________________________________________. e) The school of James and Mary _______________________________________________________________. f) The garden of the boys _______________________________________________________________. g) The car of my father _______________________________________________________________. h) The boyfriend of Mary _______________________________________________________________. i) John is the husband of Mary _______________________________________________________________. j) The fifth symphony of Beethoven _______________________________________________________________.



Subject Verb Object Place Time

She ate a sandwich in the kitchen last night

The subject and the verb of the sentence are compulsory elements and the others are optional. The use of optional elements depends on what the speaker wants to express.

The verb and the object of the verb normally go together. We do not usually put other words between them.

E. g. You speak English very well. (Not You speak very well English). I will tell Mary a secret tonight (Not I will tell tonight Mary a secret).

The object of the verb can be realized by a noun or a pronoun:

E. g. Mary hurt John / Mary hurt him. The pronouns used as objects are:

Me Mary gave me the book You I will tell you a secret Him We are asking him a question Her Tell her not to go home It Here is the money. Give it to your mother Us She gave us some good news You John hates you Them We are explaining them the problem

- Sentences with two objects

When the sentence has two objects (indirect and direct) we normally put the indirect object first and, then, the direct object. We can put the direct object first when it is much shorter than the indirect object or when we want to emphasize the indirect object. When the direct object appears after the verb, the indirect object is introduced by to:

E. g. She sends some flowers to the nurse in charge of her daughters hospital ward (short direct object).

- Expressions of time and place When we have expressions of place and time in the sentence, we usually put the expression of place

before the expression of time:

E. g. They go to work every day.

Sometimes it is possible to put the time expression at the beginning of the sentence.

E. g. Everyday the go to school.

12. Use the correct pronoun

a. I am the invisible man. You cant see _________. b. It is not Janes fault. You cant blame _________. c. He is disturbing my girlfriend I want to hit _______ a punch. d. She gave ________ a present. I have it in my room. e. I want to ask _________ something. You can give me some information. f. Dont hit the dog! Leave ________ alone. g. I trust Mary. I want to tell __________ a secret.

Word order and object pronouns



Parts of the house

13. Match the following definitions with the concepts.

Living-room Dining-room Hall Roof Kitchen Bathroom

Bedroom Toilet Garage Garden Stairs

a) The top of a building. b) A set of steps built between two floors. c) The building next to the house where the car is kept. d) A piece of land where you can grow flowers, fruit and vegetables. e) A room in a house where people have dinner. f) The place of a house where people sit together and watch television. g) The room where food is prepared and cooked. h) The room where the toilet is. i) The room used for sleeping. j) The main entrance of a house. k) A room with a bath or a shower and a hand basin.



BRIAN JONES

PAMELA SMITH

DAVID JONES

RITA GREY

PAT JONES

JONATHAN BANKS CHARLES JONES

BROWEN PRICE

GUY JONES MARY JONES SAMANTHA BANKS PATSY JONES HELEN JONES

Members of the family

FEMALE MALE PLURAL

Grandmother Grandfather Granparents

Granddaughter Grandson Grandchildren

Mother Father Parents

Daughter Son Children

Sister Brother

Aunt Uncle

Niece Nephew

Cousin Cousin

Wife Husband

Mother-in-law Father-in-law Parents-in-law

Daughter-in-law Son-in-law

Sister-in-law Brother-in-law

14. Complete.

Brian is Davids _______________________ Charles is Pats _______________________ Pamela is Helens _______________________ Jonathan is Patsys _______________________ Brian is Browens _______________________ Jonathan is Brians _______________________ Guy is Browens _______________________ Mary is Ritas _______________________ Rita is Marys _______________________ Jonathan is Pats _______________________ Patsy and Samantha are _______________________ Browen is Guys _______________________ Rita is Davids _______________________ Charles is Jonathans _______________________ Pamela is Browens _______________________ Guy and Mary are Brians _______________________ Patsy is Helens _______________________ Guy is Davids _______________________ Pat and Jonathan are Samanthas _______________________ Rita is Brians _______________________



3. THE ARMY



The saluteThe saluteThe saluteThe salute

The salute is the correct military greeting and is properly initiated by subordinates to superiors. The specific origin is not known; however, several theories exist. In early times, the right hand (the one used for weapons) was raised as a greeting of friendship. Knights raised their visors with the right hand to reveal their identity as a courtesy on the approach of a superior.

The most plausible theory is the long-established custom of removing headgear in the presence of superiors. As late as the American Revolution, the British Army soldier salutes by removing his hat. With the advent of cumbersome headgear (like the bearskin) that could not be easily doffed, the act of removing the hat degenerated into touching the visor. This act then became conventionalised into the hand salute. All personnel in uniform are required to salute at all times when they meet people entitled

to the salute, except in public conveyances (trains, buses, etc) or in public places such as theatres or when the salute would be impractical.

It is customary for military members in civilian clothing to exchange salutes upon recognition, this type of courtesy should be reinforced whenever possible. If running, come to a walk before saluting.

The junior holds the salute until it is returned. When a senior officer approaches a group of officers not in formation, the group is called to attention by the first one to sight the senior officer and all members of the group render the hand salute. When the group constitutes a formation, the formation is called to attention, but only the officer in charge salutes.

1. Reading Comprehension:

a) Define the salute using your own words.

b) Which is the origin of the salute?

2. Vocabulary.

a) Find in the text a synonym for the following definition: The special set of clothes worn by all members of an organization or a group at work or by children at school.

b) Find in the text an opposite of left.

3. Say if these sentences are true or false and justify your answers:

a) The salute is properly initiated by superiors to subordinates.

b) The right hand was raised as a greeting of happiness.

c) Military members in civilian clothes usually salute upon recognition.



MILITARY RANKS (SPAIN)MILITARY RANKS (SPAIN)MILITARY RANKS (SPAIN)MILITARY RANKS (SPAIN)

Chief Private Corporal Chief

corporal

Corporal

first class

Sergeant Staff

sergeant

Sergeant

major

Command

sergeant major

Sergeant major

of the army

2nd

lieutenant Lieutenant Captain Commandant

Lieutenant

colonel Colonel

Brigadier

general

Major

general

Lieutenant

general

General

of the army

Captain

general



DEFINITION

a. An adjective is a word like big, new, expensive., which is used to describe something.

A big town (the adjective big describe the town)

b. In English the adjective has only one form to express number or gender.

Two nice boys

Two nice girls

c. There are some adjectives which we can use as nouns to talk about groups of people in society.

The rich, the poor, the young

POSITION

There are two main places where we can put an adjective

a. In front of the noun:

a big village

b. After linking verbs like Be, Get, Look, Feel ..

The house is big

You look sad

When two or more adjectives come before a noun, we have to decide in what order to put them, this depends on the meaning of the adjective.

Personal opinion

Size

Age

Shape

Colour

Nationality

Material

Purpose

A lovely comfortable roundbig old red English leather bag A tall young man Big blue eyes A small black plastic bag Riding boots.

1. Put the words in the correct order

a) city Belgian beautiful little. b) old lovely furniture c) local jazz club d) dinner excellent cold e) dress evening red silk f) short leather jacket g) ski boots French h) trousers cotton blue i) blue tie woollen j) a German funny brown mug beer. k) boots riding Spanish red old leather.

The adjective



2. Are the adjectives in these phrases in the normal order? Answer yes/no.

a long hot day. No. the answer is: a hot long day.

a) a large black dog. b) a tall handsome young man. c) short fat legs. d) a new red dress e) a woollen grey pullover.

Both teams arent playing very well. The game is boring. They are watching who will win. They are excited. Compare

An adjective ending in -ing describes what something is like, what effect it has on us. For example, a game can be exciting, interesting, boring .

An adjective ending in -ed describes how we feel. For example, we feel excited, interested, bored.

This programme about astronomy is interesting I am interested in astronomy. The result was surprising I was surprised by the result.

3. Choose the right adjective

a) He works very hard. Its not surprising / surprised that he is always tired. b) I have got nothing to do. I am boring / bored. c) The lecture was boring / bored. I fell asleep. d) I am starting a new job next week. I am quite excited / exciting about it. e) Tom is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very amusing / amused. f) I have been working very hard all day and now I am exhausted / exhausting.

4. Complete the words

a) I was surpris.. to see Ann here. b) It was surpris.. to see her. c) I find this work very tir d) She was excit. About her new job. e) the news was really shock. f) I get annoy when people break promises. g) his explanations are confus. h) It was an excit new challenge.

Adjectives in ING or -ED



DEGREES: 1 Positive: It denotes the quality of the adjective in its normal degree. Eg: I am tall

2 comparative: It denotes the quality of the adjective in its higher, the same or lower degree, and it is used for a comparison between two elements.

a) superiority (-er / more)

Eg: I am taller than him.

b) equality (as + adj + as)

Eg: I am as tall as you /He isnt so clever as you.

In negative sentences so can be used instead of the first as

c) inferiority (less)

Eg: I am less tall than him.

3 superlative: It denotes the quality of the adjective in its highest or lowest degree and it is used in comparisons where one or more elements are compared with the rest of a group or class. The superlative can be a relative superlative when comparing several things or an absolute superlative denoting the highest degree without setting a comparison.

- (-est / the most) - (the least)

FORM

One-syllable adjectives normally have comparatives and superlatives ending in er, -est. Some two-syllable adjectives are similar; others have more and most. Longer adjectives have more and most.

1. One-syllable adjectives (regular comparison)

Adjective Old Tall Cheap Late Nice Fat Big thin

Comparative Older Taller Cheaper Later Nicer Fatter Bigger thinner

Superlative Oldest Tallest Cheapest Latest Nicest Fattest Biggest thinner

Most adjectives: + -er, -est Adjectives ending in -e + -r. st One vowel + one consonant: double consonant.

2. Two-syllable adjectives.

Adjectives ending in y have ier and iest Ex: happy happier happiest Easy easier easiest

Comparative and superlative forms



Some other two-syllable adjectives can have er and est, especially adjectives ending in an unstressed

vowel /l/ or /r/.

Eg: narrow narrower narrowest Simple simpler simplest Clever cleverer cleverest

With many two-syllable adjectives ( polite, common) er, -est and more/most are both possible. With

others (including adjectives ending in ing, -ed, -ful and less) only more / most is possible.

3. Longer adjectives Adjectives of three or more syllables have more and most.

Eg: intelligent more intelligent most intelligent Practical more practical most practical Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

4. Irregular comparison

Adjective Good Bad Far old

Comparative Better Worse *Farther / further *Older / elder

Superlative Best Worst Farthest / furthest Oldest / eldest

* Farther / further and farthest / furthest are both used to talk about distance. We use further to mean additional in some expressions. Further education, further information.

*elder and eldest are used with brother, sister, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter. John is my elder brother.

1. When we make a comparison, you use the word than I am older than you. Notes: If the pronoun after than is not followed by a verb, use the object pronoun form me, you, him, her... John is taller than him But if the pronoun after than is followed by a verb, use the subject pronoun form I, he, she ... John is taller than I am 2. You normally use the with superlative adjectives in front of nouns: The happiest man The most intelligent girl / the least intelligent girl. When you use a superlative you can use a prepositional phrase to specific the group you are talking about: He is the biggest of them He is the biggest in the class *We dont use of with a singular word for a place or group.

Comparative and superlative in context



5. Write the comparative form of these adjectives

- tall fat - thin large - wide rich - long poor - good -young

6. Write the superlative form of these adjectives

- big - ugly - comfortable - careful - expensive - small - good - cheap - bad - short

7. Correct the mistakes

a) It is more beautiful that I expected. b) she is the most rich woman in the world. c) My book isnt as useful than yours. d) My grandfather is the older. e) I am beautifuler than my brother.

8. Translate

a) Juan es mayor que Luisa b) Este coche es ms rpido que ese. c) Este es el chico ms inteligente de la clase. d) Ella no es tan alta como Elena. e) Este es el hotel ms caro de la ciudad.

9. Write the opposite comparative

cheaper- more expensive.

- older better - colder more beautiful - nearer more modern - easier heavier - darker - richer

10. Complete these sentences using a comparative

My car isnt big. I want a bigger car.

a) this house isnt modern . I want a .. b) this case isnt big. I want a c) London isnt very beautiful. Paris is . d) My chair isnt comfortable. Your chair is . e) My idea isnt good. Your idea is

11. Complete the sentences using than

He isnt very tall. You are taller than him.

a) she isnt very old. You are .. b) I am not a very good cook. You are



c) they havent got much money. You .. d) he isnt very interesting. You e) I cant run very fast. You

12. Write sentences with as .as

Athens is older than Rome. Rome isnt as old as Athens.

a) my room is bigger than yours. Your room.. b) he plays football better than me. I dont play.. c) New York is more modern than Brazil. Brazil d) This table is heavier than that. That table e) Belgium is smaller than Switzerland. Switzerland

13. Complete these sentences using a superlative

This building is very old. Its the oldest building.

a) This film is very good. b) This village is pretty. c) This day is very cold. d) This day is happy. e) This person is very interesting.

- Most adverb of manner are formed by adding ly to an adjective:

Adjective adverb Slow slow ly Quiet quiet ly

- Pay attention to spelling rules!

Adjective adverb Happy happ ily True / whole/ terrible tru ly/ wholly/ terribly Romantic romantic ally Careful carefully

- Some adverbs of manner have the same form as the adjective:

Adjective adverb Fast fast Hard hard Late late

- Some words that ends in ly are not adverbs of manner. They are adjectives:

Adjective adverb Lovely/silly/friendly in a lovely/silly/friendly way

- We use the structure in a ..way for those adjectives that dont admit the addition of ly (for example, friendly, lovely, lively)

Eg. She received us in a friendly way.

- Adverb of manner normally go after the verb:

Eg. Talk quietly.

- If there is an indirect or direct object, they go after the object.

Eg. You speak Italian correctly.

- Pay attention to the following verbs! Be, become, feel, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, we use the adjectives after these verbs.

Adverbs of manner



Telling the timeTelling the timeTelling the timeTelling the time

Eg. He is bad ( not badly)

That smells wonderful ( not wonderfully)

14. Write the adverb of the following adjectives:

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Horrible Easy Difficult Enthusiastic Fast Lonely Immediately Whole Safe careful

15. Write the sentences in the correct order.

a) easily/found/ the way/ they ______________________________ b) the woman/carefully/the street/ crossed ____________________ c) the letter/Tom/read/ slowly ______________________________ d) fluently/speaks/German/he ______________________________

To ask for the time we can use the following questions:

- What time is it? - What is the time? - Have you got the time?

16:00 It is four oclock 16:05 It is five past four 16:10 It is ten past four 16:15 It is a quarter past four 16:23 It is twenty- three minutes past four 16:30 It is half past four 16:35 It is twenty-five to five 16:45 It is a quarter to five We can also tell the time in the following way:

3:17 three seventeen 4:15 four fifteen 7:01 seven o one

This formula is common in timetables, announcements, etc.



16. Write the time

12:00 It is twelve oclock 11:40 12:45 1:30 7:00 8:15 5:25 22:50 23:55 1:05 3:10

Now use the other formula to give the time:

13:06 20:15 17:40 1:07 23:34 16:35 22:55 14:10 8:12

17.It is a typical day in Susans life. Read about and make sentences using the present simple.

a. She gets up at nine oclock b.___________________________ c.___________________________ d.___________________________ e.___________________________ f.___________________________ g.___________________________ h.___________________________ i.___________________________

18. Write in numbers the following time:

a. Ten to nine .......................... b. A quarter past eleven .............. c. Half past three ...................... d. Twenty past five .................. e. A quarter to six .................. f. Twenty-five past eight ...............

a. 09.00 get up b. 09.15 have a shower c. 09:30 have breakfast and read the newspaper d. 10.05 go to the office e. 12.45 have lunch near the office f. 15.00 go back to the office g. 17.16 do some jogging in the park h. 20:56 go to her boyfriends house. i. 22.40 go back home



To make ordinal number we add th to the cardinal number:

Eg: four fourth / six sixth.

These ordinals are irregular:

One first Two second Three - third

These ordinals have an irregular spelling:

Five fifth Eight eighth Nine ninth Twelve twelfth Twenty twentieth

We can write ordinal numbers in a short form. We use the number and the last two letters of the word.

First 1st Second 2nd Ninth 9th

19. Write these numbers in full

- 31st - 12th - 3rd - 29th - 16th - 21st - 32nd

20. Write the ordinals of the following cardinal numbers

a) 4 fourth b) 16 ..... c) 18 ....... d) 31 ....... e) 107 ...... f) 44 .........

g) 82 ......... h) 93 ........ i) 64 ........ j) 71 ........ k) 12 ........ l) 40 ........

To ask the date we can use the following questions:

What is the date?

What date is it today?

What day is it today?

Ordinal numbersOrdinal numbersOrdinal numbersOrdinal numbers

Telling the dateTelling the dateTelling the dateTelling the date



We can say the dates in two different ways:

- March the tenth, or the tenth of March. - June the fourth, or the fourth of June.

They can, however, written in a variety of ways:

2nd February 1979 / February 2nd 1979 10th of March / March the 10th.

YEARS

We say the years in twos: 1997: nineteen ninety-seven 1968: nineteen sixty-eight 1900: nineteen hundred 1901: nineteen o one 2000: two thousand.

21. Write these dates

- 1234 - 1456 - 1678 - 1890 - 1999

22. What date is it?

a) 3, marzo, 1859 ..................................................................... b) 21, abril, 1980 ..................................................................... c) 14, octubre, 1492 ................................................................ d) 24, febrero, 1999 ................................................................

23.What date is it?

a. 3, Marzo, 1859 b. 15, Abril, 1732 c. 14, Octubre, 1901 d. 1, Julio, 2001 e. 21, Agosto, 1800

24.Traslate into english:

a) Mi cumpleaos es el 18 de Junio de 1987 b)Maana es 14 de Mayo de 1999 c)El nuevo teatro abre el 6 de Abril. d)El dia de Navidad es el 25 de Diciembre e)Hoy es 12 de Abril de 2006 f)Mi primo llega el 10 de Junio g)La fiesta es el 15 de agosto .



We do not use in/on/at before last/next/this/every/yesterday/tomorrow: Eg. Ill see you next Friday ( not on next Friday) They married last March.

25. Write a preposition where necessary.

a) Goodbye! See you ___ Friday. b) Where were you ___ Saturday evening? c) I get up ___ 8 oclock every morning. d) He usually works ___ night. e) My sister married ___ June. f) Diane and I first met ___ 1979. g) Im starting my new job ___ September 3 rd . h) We often go to the beach ___ summer. i) Im going abroad ___ next Monday. j) Will you be at home ___ this evening? k) What do you usually do ___ weekends? l) She phones me ___ every Sunday. m) Liz and I arrived ___ the same time. n) Do you give each other presents ___ Christmas? o) We travelled to Paris last night and arrived ___ 5 oclock ___ the morning.

Parts of the day: in the morning(s) (But note at night) Months: in June Seasons: in (the) summer Years: in 1990 Decades: in the 1960s (Note: we say in the sixties) Centuries: in the 20 th century

Days of the week: on Monday(s) Dates: on 1 st July / on July 1 st * Specific days: on Christmas day, on New Years Eve, on my birthday, etc. Attention!!! on Friday evening, on Saturday morning * Note : we say on the first of July / on July the first

Clock time: at seven oclock Holiday periods: at Christmas, at Easter, etc. Expressions: at the same time, at the end of, at weekends, at the weekend, at the moment, at the top of, etc. At night! (part of the day)

PrepPrepPrepPrepositions of timeositions of timeositions of timeositions of time



26. Write a preposition

1) Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America .. 1492. 2) In Britain most people dont work .. Sundays. 3) If the sky is clear, you can see the stars .. night. 4) After working hard during the day, I like to relax .. the evening. 5) The first man walked on the moon .. 21st July 1969. 6) Its difficult to listen if everyone is speaking ... the same time.

7) Jazz became popular in the United States the 1920s.

8) In Britain people send each other cards .. Christmas.

9) Bob is a very fast runner. He can run 100 metres .. 11 seconds.

10) Mozart was born in Salzburg .. 1756.

11) I havent seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her . Tuesday.

12) The price of electricity is going up October.

13) Hurry up! Weve got to go five minutes.

14) I hope the weather will be nice . the weekend.

15) We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived . 5 oclock .. the morning.

16) I have been invited to a wedding 14th February.

17) The course begins .. 7th January and ends sometime . April.

18) There are usually a lot of parties . New Years Eve.

19) .. Saturday night I went to bed 11 oclock.

20) Im starting my new job .. 3rd June.

We use capital letters for:

Names: John Jackson, Italy, Victoria Road, the Queen, etc. Nationalities and languages: French, English, Spanish, etc. Days, months, and specific dates: Monday, April, Christmas, Day, etc. The pronoun I. The beginning of a sentence.

Capital lettersCapital lettersCapital lettersCapital letters



SeasonsSeasonsSeasonsSeasons

SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER

Note: we can use the word Fall instead of Autumn

MonthsMonthsMonthsMonths

January February March April

May June July August

September October November December



Here we have got an enormous group but we are going to talk about adjectives that describe people:

a. Talking about peoples character:

What is he /she like?What is he /she like?What is he /she like?What is he /she like? Anxious

Bad-tempered

Calm

Charming

Selfish

Sensitive

Serious

Sensible

Friendly

Hard-working

Proud

lazy

b. Talking about peoples appearance:

what does she /he look like?what does she /he look like?what does she /he look like?what does she /he look like? These are some of the most used adjectives:

Height- tall, average, short Age- old, young, middle-aged.

Common adjectivesCommon adjectivesCommon adjectivesCommon adjectives



Eyes- black, brown, green, grey, blue. Hair- curly, straight, short, long, bald, blonde, fair, dark, brown, auburn, red.



4. CRIMES



UNMIB POLICE UNMIB POLICE UNMIB POLICE UNMIB POLICE newsletternewsletternewsletternewsletter

A. Jealous boyfriend kills Bluegate girl.

On 7 June a 21-year-old Blueland female is murdered in the village of Bluegate. Earlier in the day, the woman argues with her boyfriend when she decides to end with him. Later that afternoon, a man breaks into the girls family flat and shoots her. The victims boyfriend is arrested in connection with the murder. B. Blueport naturist arrested.

A Blueport man is stopped by the police when he is caught running naked along a country road. The man parks his car near a remote beach. As the man is lying on the beach, a thief breaks intohis car and steals the mans wallet and trousers. The man is stopped by police as he is chasing the thief. C. Police hero gets medal for bravery.

On the morning of 9 June, an off duty UNMIB police officer prevents a tragedy when he persuades an armed robber with a hostage to surrender. At 11 a.m. the robber, carrying an assault rifle, enters the Blueville City Bank. He leaves the bank 10 minutes later with a female hostage.

Lieutenant Kimura sees the man enter the building and he is immediately requested back up. Police units dont arrive when the man comes out of the bank and Lieutenant Kimura decides he cannot wait. Armed with only his service revolver, he confronts the robber. By the time the police response team arrives on the scene, Lieutenant Kimura persuades the man to surrender.

1. Decide which text is:

* a funny story ___________ * a story of heroism ___________ * a tragic story _____________

2. Read article C again and order the events.

* The robber leaves the bank with a female hostage. __________ * Lt Kimura confronts the robber and persuades him to surrender. __________________ * The police response team arrives on the scene. ___________ * The robber enters the Blueville City Bank carrying an assault rifle. ____________ * Lt Kimura requests back up. ____________

3. Now answer the questions for each report.

* What happens? * When does it happen? * Who is involved? *Where does it happen?



Crimes and criminalsCrimes and criminalsCrimes and criminalsCrimes and criminals Crimes Criminals Burglary Burglar Mugging Mugger Shoplifting Shoplifter Pickpocketing Pickpocket Theft Thief Vandalism Vandalist Kidnapping Kidnapper Blackmail Blackmailer Rape Rapist Murder Murderer Smuggling Smuggler Drug dealing Drug dealer Forgery Forger Speeding Speeder Joyriding Joyrider Hijacking Hijacker Terrorism Terrorist Arson Arsonist

1. Match the words and definitions:

a. Someone who attacks people in the street and takes their money. b. Someone who takes things from a shop without paying for them. c. Someone who forces the pilot to give them control of a plane in the middle of a journey. d. Someone who takes things out of somebodys pocket or bag. e. Someone who steals a car and drives it round very fast. f. Someone who goes into other peoples houses and takes things. 2. What do you know about these criminals? Write a few sentences about each one.

"IN THE END, WE WILL REMEMBER NOT THE WORDS OF OUR ENEMIES, BUT

THE SILENCE OF OUR FRIENDS. " - MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (1929-1968)

Mugger Burglar

Shoplifter Pickpocket

Joyrider Hijacker



STRUCTURE

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am reading I am not reading Am I reading?

You are reading You aren't reading Are You reading?

He is reading He isn 't reading Is He reading?

She is reading She isn 't reading Is She reading?

It is reading It isn 't reading Is It reading?

We are reading We aren't reading Are We reading?

You are reading You aren't reading Are You reading?

They are reading They aren't reading Are They reading?

The Present Continuous is used with the following adverbs: now, at the moment, right now.

USE

We use the present continuous: a. to talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking.

e.g. Please, dont make too much noise. Im studying. Where is Margaret? She is having a bath.

b. to talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking.

e.g. Im reading an interesting book. A friend of mine is building his own house.

c. to talk about a temporary situation.

e.g. Im living with some friends until I find a flat. d. the present continuous can be used with a future meaning to talk about plans and intentions for the future.

e.g. We are playing a football match this evening. Mark is going to France next week. Nevertheless, this meaning will be dealt with in the unit devoted to the future tense.

The Present Continuous tense



SPELLING

We must remember some spelling rules when adding ing to the main verb.

We add -ing to most verbs e.g. Go-going work-working

Verbs ending in -e: we drop the -e and add ing e.g. Make-making

Verbs ending in -ie: we change the -ie into -y and add ing e.g. Lie-lying die-dying

If a verb of 1 syllabe ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant when adding -ing.

e.g. Plan-planning dig- digging If a verb of more than 1 syllable ends in consonant+ vowel + consonant we double the final consonant only if it is stressed.

e.g. Begn-beginning BUT devlop-developing

Examples: They are sleeping.

Shut up! Im working. Lets go out. It isnt raining. Is Peter working this week? No, he is on holiday.

Finally, there are a number of verbs which are not usually used in the continuous form, these are called static verbs. Many of these verbs refer to states rather than actions.

MENTAL AND

EMOTIONAL

STATES

USE OF THE

SENSES

COMMUNICATING

CAUSING

REACTIONS

OTHERS

(dis)Like Believe Forget Hate Imagine Know Love Prefer Realise Remember Suppose Think (=have an opinion) Understand Want

Hear See Look (=seem) Seem Taste Sound Smell

Agree Disagree Mean Surprise Promise Please

Possess Be Belong Consist Include Need Own



2. Add ing to the following verbs. Beat Kick open take Buy Laugh pay wait Dig Live put win Drink Make read work Fly Sit speak write Tie Go have put

3. Put the verb into the correct form.

e.g. Please dont make so much noise. I am studying (study).

Please be quiet. I _________(try) to concentrate. Look! It _________(snow). Why __________(you/look) at me like that? Have I said something wrong?. You ___________(make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter? Excuse me, I ________(look) for a phone box. Is there one near here?. (in the cinema) Its a good film, isnt it? __________(you/enjoy) it? Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They _________(shout) at each other again. Why ___________(you/wear) your coat today? Its very warm. I __________(not/work) this week. Im on holiday. I want to lose weight. I __________ (not/ eat) anything today.

4. Translate this sentences:

1. -Marta est tocando la guitarra.

2. -Javier est jugando al ftbol en el parque.

3. -Mi padre est nadando en la piscina.

4. -Nosotros estamos escribiendo una carta a nuestra amiga Mara.

Present continuous ( I am doing)

Present simple ( I do)

Use the present continuous to talk about something which is happening at or around the time of speaking. I am doing

past now future e.g. The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off, please? e.g. Listen to those people, what language are they speaking? Use the present continuous for a temporary situation. e.g. I'm living with some friends until I can find a flat. e.g. That machine isn't working. It broke down this morning.

Use the present simple to talk about things in general or things which happen repeatedly I do

past now future e.g. Water boils at 100 degrees. e.g. Excuse me, do you speak English? e.g. Tom plays tennis every Saturday. Use the present simple for a permanent situation. e.g. My parents live in London. They have been there for 20 years. e.g. That machine doesn't work. It hasn't worked for years.

Present Simple or Present Continuous ?



5. Write the correct tense of the verb:

1. John _____________to Mary now. (talk) 2. I______________ television every night.( watch) 3. The children usually_________to bed at nine oclock. ( go) 4. _____________________a book at the moment? (Richard read) 5. They______________to the theatre very often. (not go) 6. I _________________at the moment.(not study) 7. I_______________English, although I __________at the moment.(not speak/study) 8. I__________in Valencia, though I____________in Madrid at the moment.(live/ stay) 9. I_________in a hotel at the moment, although I _________my own apartment. (stay/have) 10. She_________from Chile, though she ____________in New York now. (come/live)

6. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple:

e.g. Please dont make so much noise, I am studying (study). How many languages does Tom speak (Tom /speak)?

a. I __________(not/belong) to a political party. b. Hurry! The bus_________(come). I ______(not/want) to miss it. c. The River Nile _________(flow) into the Mediterranean. d. The river ___________(flow) very fast today much faster than usual. e. We usually ________(grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we ___________(not/grow) any. f. You can borrow my umbrella. I _________(not/need) it at the moment. g. George says hes 40 years old but I _____________(not/believe) him. h. Ron is in London at the moment. He _________(stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually _____________(stay) at the Hilton Hotel when hes in London. i. Listen! Somebody ____________(sing).

7. Complete the sentences with the following verbs:

build cost go like come have open play speak teach stand swim wash cook

a. Sarah is upstairs. She _________the piano. b. They _____________a new hotel in the city centre at the moment. c. My sister is very clever. She __________four languages. d. We usually ____________dinner at 7 oclock. e. I __________films. I often _________to the cinema. f. Look! Somebody ___________in the river. g. In Britain the banks ___________at 9:30 in the morning. h. You __________on my foot!, oh, Im sorry. i. Hurry up!, the bus____________. j. Food is expensive. It ___________a lot of money. k. Where are you, Paul? In the kitchen, I _________a meal. l. Tina is a teacher. She ___________mathematics to young children. m. Peter ____________his car twice a week.



We may distinguish two main uses of the verb have (got):

a) Expressing possession, relationships and other states.

- In terms of meaning, have got means exactly the same as have in this case. So you can say:

We have got a new car or We have a new car

- In interrogative and negative sentences there are 2 possible forms: Have you got any money? I haven't got any money. Do you have any money? I don't have any money. Has she got a car? She hasn't got a car. Does she have a car? She doesn't have a car.

- We can use contractions with have got but not with have:

e.g. Ive got a sister. (NOT * Ive a sister)

- Got-forms of have are informal, and are more common in the present.

e.g. Did you have a good weekend? (NOT * Did you have got a good weekend?) When she was a child, she had a long fair hair (NOT * She had got ) I didnt have any money when I was a student. (NOT * I didnt have got)

b) Actions, typical expressions.

- We often use have + object to talk about actions and experiences, especially in informal style. The exact meaning depends on the following noun.

have breakfast / lunch / dinner / a meal / a drink have a bath / a shower / a shave have a rest / a sleep / a dream have a good time / a bad day / a holiday have a good journey have a chat / a talk / a conversation have a good memory have a walk have a look have a baby have difficulty have an accident have a party

In these expressions:

We make interrogative and negative sentences with the auxiliary verb do/does. e.g. Does she have a good memory? She doesnt have a good memory.

Got is not used.

e.g. I have breakfast at 8 oclock. (NOT* I have got breakfast)

Contractions are not used.

e.g. I have a bath every day. (NOT* Ive a bath every day).

Talking about possession

The verb have (got)The verb have (got)The verb have (got)The verb have (got)



8. Complete the following sentences with the verb have got.

a) I cant make a phone call. I _____________any money. b) Excuse me, ______________a ballpen? c) I couldnt read the notice. I _____________my glasses. d) Why are you holding your face like that? I _____________a toothache. e) I cant climb up onto the roof. I ____________a ladder. f) When you did the exam, ____________time to answer all the questions? g) We couldnt visit the museum. We _______________enough time. h) _____________a bicycle when you were a child?. i) He couldnt find his way to our house. He ___________a map.

9. Complete with have (got). Some of the sentences are present and some are past.

e.g. Excuse me, have you got a light, please?

a) A: It started to rain when I was walking home. B: Did it?, ______________an umbrella? b) ___________a beard before you joined the army? c) I cant get into the house. I ___________my keys. d) She cant pay her bills. She ____________ any money. e) ___________ a lot of friends when you lived in London?. f) I __________breakfast at 8 oclock.

10. Complete the sentences with the verb to be or the verb have (got).

a) Rafael ___________long hair. b) Danny and Luis ____________(not) problems with grammar. c) John ___________14 years old. d) Mario ___________two sisters. e) Julian ____________(not) a brother. f) Susan ____________short and thin. g) Alicia____________(not) a large house. h) They ____________very confident.

11. Complete the sentences. Use an expression from the list and put the verb into the correct form when necessary.

HAVE A BABY HAVE A BREAK HAVE A CHAT HAVE DIFFICULTY HAVE A GOOD FLY HAVE A LOOK HAVE LUCH HAVE A PARTY HAVE A SHOWER HAVE A NICE TIME

1. I dont eat much during the day. I never ....................................... 2. David starts work at 8 oclock...............at 10.30. 3. We...............................last week. It was great- we invited lots of people. 4. Excuse me, can I............at your newspaper, please? 5. Jim is away on holiday at the moment. I hope he............... 6. I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday. We stopped and ............................ 7. A: ...............finfing the book you wanted? B: No, I found it OK 8. Suzanne............a few weeks ago. Its her second child. 9. A: Why didnt you answer the phone? B: I.................................................... 10. You meet your family Sally at the airport. She has just arrived. You say: Hi Sally. How are you?..........................



We use THE

a) before plural and singular nouns when it is clear in the situation which thing or person we are referring:

eg. I saw a dog. The dog was barking. (The dog that I saw) Can you turn the light off, please? (The light in the room)

b) when we are thinking of a particular thing:

eg. I cleaned the car yesterday. (my car) Tom sat down on the chair nearest the door. (a particular chair)

c) with some general expressions:

eg. listen to the radio, listen to the news *BUT listen to music watch the news *BUT watch television play the piano/the guitar, etc go to the doctor/ to the dentist, etc go to the theatre/the cinema/the disco/the zoo, etc.

d) with the words school, prison, hospital, church, etc. when we are not thinking of the general idea of these places and what they are used for:

eg. Nora had an accident and I went to the hospital to visit her Her parents went to the school for a meeting

e) with the name of a public office

eg. the Queen, the King of Spain

PAY ATTENTION!

Use of THE with names of places:

Countries with the words Kingdom, States. Republic: The United Kingdom, The Dominican Republic, The United States Plural countries: The Netherlands Oceans, seas, rivers: the Pacific, the Mediterranean, the Nile Mountain ranges: the Alps, the Andes Hotels, theatres: the Ritz, the Playhouse Groups of islands: the Balearic Islands, the Canaries

We dont use THE

a) before plural and uncountable nouns when we are talking about things or people in general:

eg. Cars are very dangerous. Water is healthy.

b) with some time expressions such as:

eg. weekdays: on Monday(s) specific days: on Christmas Day

clock time: at seven oclock holiday periods: at Christmas months: in April

c) with some expressions:

eg. go on foot/by bus/by car, etc. On television

Play football, basketball, etc.

The definite article THE



d) with the names of meals:

eg. We had lunch at 13.00 oclock Dinner is ready

e) with the words school, prison, hospital, church, etc. when we are thinking of the general idea of these places and what they are used for:

eg. Nora had an accident and was tak

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