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ISBO NG WiNeTs Next Generation Wireless Networks and Terminals NES & WATS IBCN PATS SMIT
ISBO NG WiNeTs Next Generation Wireless Networks and Terminals
NES & WATS IBCN PATS SMIT
Program
14.00 - 14.10 Introduction & Context of the NG Wireless project Wim De Waele , IBBT
14.10 - 14.55 Overview of the NG Wireless project: Ingrid Moerman, IBBT-IBCN-UGent
14.55 - 15.10 Storyline introducing the demos Peter De Cleyn, IBBT-PATS-UA
15.10 - 15.55 Plenary demo presentations Monitoring interference with sensing technology focusing on low-power lost
cost sensing solutions for sensing terminals Avoiding interference with context-aware adaptive protocols Minimizing interference with cooperative networks
15.55 - 16.10 Accounting interference: impact of interference on revenue modeling – results Vânia Gonçalves, IBBT-SMIT-VUB
16.10 - ... Demo boots and networking drink
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ISBO NG WiNeTs Next Generation Wireless Networks and Terminals Ingrid Moerman IBBT-IBCN, Ghent University
NES & WATS IBCN PATS SMIT
Outline
Situating the project Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Outline
Situating the project Wireless networks today Wireless networks tomorrow: cognitive radio Cognitive radio research
Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Wireless networks today A multitude of wireless technologies & standards
building on proprietary or standardized radio technologies
Tuned for a specific application
Many non-interoperable solutions different architectures different protocols
Assumption of homogeneous nodes same protocol stack on all nodes within network
No cooperation between networks
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Internet evolution: multitude of networks
4G communication networks Evolution towards a “network of networks”,
integrating different technologies (WLAN, UMTS, Ad Hoc, cellular…)
Characteristics IP-based Broadband Wireless access Support of mobility Heterogeneity …
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Internet evolution: multitude of end devices (1)
Personal devices
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Embedded devices
Internet evolution: multitude of end devices (2)
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Artificiële retina
Internet evolution: a multitude of services
?
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Internet evolution: a multitude of co-located wireless devices
Observation Growing importance of mobile & wireless networks
Continuous evolution of wireless technologies Ever increasing number/density of wireless devices emergence of wireless sensor networks (‘Internet of things’)
Increasing heterogeneity of the Internet Heterogeneous network technologies
wired & wireless networks licensed & unlicensed technologies underutilization of licensed spectrum, scarce unlicensed spectrum
Heterogeneous devices network interfaces, memory/processing capacity, power supply, fixed/mobile…
Heterogeneous services Dynamics of mobile and wireless environment
(un)controlled interference, fading, (dis)appearing of devices… Need for more advanced, more flexible communication paradigms
supporting coexistence of heterogeneous wireless technologies
Cognitive Radio 11
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The 4A vision (ITU) = network ubiquity + connectivity to anything AnyTIME, AnyWHERE connectivity for Anyone for Anything
Cognitive radio and 4A vision
Source: ITU Internet Reports 2005: The Internet of Things
For AnyONE AnyTIME connection
On the move
Night
Daytime
AnyWHERE connection
AnyTHING connection
Between PCs Human to Human (H2H), not using a PC Human to Thing (H2T), using generic equipment
Thing to Thing (T2T)
Cognitive radio and 4A vision
enough spectrum, no matter when (daytime, night, on the move…)
enough spectrum, no matter where (home, office, indoor, outdoor, at events, on the move…)
enough spectrum, no matter who (young, old, skilled, non-skilled…)
enough spectrum, no matter which device (from powerful PCs/laptops up to small embedded devices with very limited capabilities).
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For AnyONE
AnyTIME connection
AnyWHERE connection
AnyTHING connection
Vertical spectrum sharing primary users have exclusive spectrum usage rights in a certain band
secondary users either lease or just autonomously use the spectrum without creating harmful interference to the primaries
Horizontal spectrum sharing systems/users having equal spectrum usage rights
Cognitive radio = spectrum sharing
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Cognitive radio = more flexibility (1)
Radio flexibility (5-tier concept of SDR Forum) Hardware Radios
no flexibility, fixed functionality Software Controlled Radios
Fixed signal path SW interface allows to configure limited number of parameters
(current commercial radios) Software Defined Radios
SW reconfigurable signal path (current SoA flexible radios) Ideal Software Radios
more functionality of signal path in digital domain
Ultimate Software Radios blue sky vision: full programmability with analog/digital conversion
at antenna 15
Cognitive radio = more flexibility (2)
Spectrum access flexibility No flexibility or fixed access
the frequency allocation scheme is fixed at a given time and location by regulatory bodies
Opportunistic spectrum access secondary users can actively search for unused spectrum in licensed
bands and communicate using these white holes. There is no feedback between primary and secondary users.
Dynamic spectrum access terminals and technologies can negotiate the use of wireless
spectrum locally for a certain time window at run-time. Dynamic spectrum access requires cooperation and negotiation between users.
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Outline
Wireless networks today Internet evolution Wireless networks tomorrow: cognitive radio Cognitive radio research
Research areas Experimentally-driven research
Belgian research efforts on cognitive radio Conclusions
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Cognitive radio research areas (1)
Sensing the wireless environment Identification of spectral opportunities Methods
detection performed in time or frequency domain different level of knowledge (energy versus feature detection) different computational complexity and sensing accuracy
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Cognitive radio research areas (2)
(Re)configuration of wireless transmission parameters
Level of collaboration Level of information sharing
local versus distributed sensing Local versus global objective span
local versus collective decisions cross-layer, cross-node, cross-network optimization cognitive networking
Optimization objective minimal interference minimal energy consumption maximal QoS guarantees (e.g. maximal throughput) minimal EM pollution …
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Cognitive radio research
Experimentally-driven research: why? Dynamic nature of wireless environment
uncontrolled interference complex wireless channels (mobility, fading…) (dis)appearing wireless devices
Theoretical studies or network simulations are often unreliable they build on simplified and inaccurate channel models they do not take into account HW limitations
Current experiments are limited experimental platforms and measurements today are mainly based on
1. laboratory equipment, such as vector spectrum analyzers, with high sensitivity
2. very low-cost narrowband, limited sensitivity off-the-shelf components only small scale experiments sensing implementations focused on vertical spectrum sharing
(detection of TV signals) 20
Cognitive radio research
Experimentally-driven research: how? (European vision) Deployment of large-scale open testbed facilities in realistic wireless
environments in view experimental exploration & validation of cognitive radio and cognitive networking research
Creation of flexible experimental platforms enabling various cognitive radio usage scenarios
horizontal and vertical spectrum sharing licensed and unlicensed bands heterogeneous wireless technologies
Development of benchmarking methods enabling experiments under controlled and reproducible test conditions offering automated procedures for experiments and methodologies for performance
evaluation allowing a fair comparison between different cognitive radio & cognitive networking
concepts or between subsequent developments of diverse approaches
Involvement of relevant stakeholders academia industry: equipment manufacturers, network operators, vendors… regulatory bodies standardization bodies 21
Outline
Situating the project Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Objectives
Overall research objective To develop solutions for flexible and efficient use of network/spectrum
resources through appropriate sensing and adaptive/intelligent radio/network management.
Focus areas 1. Cognitive control functionalities enabling cognitive/opportunistic use of
network/spectrum resources 2. Spectrum sensing functionality for better awareness of the
networking environment 3. E2E energy/power optimization of wireless network and terminal
aspects 4. Flexible and adaptive wireless node (software) architectures
enabling energy-efficient and reliable communication in dynamic, heterogeneous and large-scale wireless environments
5. Market, standard and policy roadmaps and frameworks for Cognitive Radio and Opportunistic Radio
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Focus areas
Cognitive control Cognitive Radio Connectivity-centric Approach
seamless connectivity across heterogeneous wireless networks (intelligent handover, learning capabilities)
Cognitive Radio Spectrum-centric Approach Horizontal spectrum sharing
Coexistence of heterogeneous devices in ISM band (IEEE802.11, IEEE802.15.1, IEEE802.15.4)
Study impact of interference Interference avoidance techniques Dynamic spectrum sharing
Vertical spectrum sharing Opportunistic spectrum sharing (frequency & time) Coexistence of primary and secondary users
Spectrum sensing functionality Fast, cost-effective and energy-efficient sensing engine
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Focus areas
End to End Energy Efficiency of Wireless Networks Holistic power optimization approach
Radio devices: innovative implementations of terminals and base stations power control strategies
Radio transmission (PHY/MAC) energy-efficient modulation and coding schemes energy-aware radio link control and scheduling strategies multi-mode operation and interoperability of coexisting modes
Network architecture Flexible modular node architecture
avoiding duplicate functionality through a finer granularity of modules multimode management information-driven approach (based on information exchanges) intelligent aggregation of data/control message
HW/SW interaction between HW and SW modules (advanced HAL)
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Focus areas
Advanced cooperation Advanced sharing of
Information spectrum (distributed sensing) network capabilities (distributed network discovery)
Resources routing capacity processing capacity
Services Cross-layer/cross-node/cross-network cooperation
Collective decisions Global optimization
minimizing interference minimizing energy consumption maximizing QoS (throughput, delay, reliability)
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Focus areas
Market, standard and policy roadmaps Study transitions in the wireless ecosystem provoked
by introduction of cognitive & opportunistic components exploring future business, policy and standardization
frameworks in close collaboration with technical developments Study of changes in interactions between present and new
stakeholders
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Outline
Situating the project Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Research partners
IMEC/NES system architecture exploration and definition (wireless link
aspects) Cognitive Radio Control (MAC) and Sensing solutions
Radio resource management in complex environments Algorithm development of SoA schemes Intra-standard (WLAN, WIMAX, 3GPP-LTE, ...) cross-layer controller
Cross-layer energy-aware optimizations
IMEC/WATS radio coexistence (WBAN-WLAN) UWB positioning and localization
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Research partners
IBCN Heterogeneous wireless scenarios in ISM band
Development of adaptive and flexible modular node architecture incorporating advanced hardware abstraction layer (HAL) supporting spectrum awareness
Strategies for advanced information sharing and collaboration (cognitive networking) Interference avoidance strategies
Dynamic spectrum access
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Research partners
PATS Seamless handover mechanisms based on sensing
Channel allocation algorithms in a heterogeneous environment
Cooperation on MAC and Network layer in heterogeneous environments
Resource sharing in MAC and Network layer in heterogeneous environments
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Research partners
SMIT Exploration and evaluation of new cognitive and
opportunistic radio frameworks in business, policy and standardization, devoting attention to potential intermediaries and cognitive enablers, in specific: Intra and inter-firm incentives and bottlenecks for cooperation Costs of sensing technology Impact on spectrum use
Analysis of the potential impact of sensing technology and interference on the cost and revenue models through specific application scenarios
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Outline
Situating the project Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Research phases
Step 1: Distributed Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks (2009)
Heterogeneous networks awareness through spectrum sensing Adaptation to minimize harmful interference based on sensing
Step 2: Cooperative coexistence of heterogeneous Networks (2010)
Communication with heterogeneous networks through SDR Adaptation to minimize interference based on agreements
Step 3: Collaborative heterogeneous Networks (2011) Awareness through spectrum sensing Optimal collaboration to improve user QoS given the spectral (and
energy) resource constraints.
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(Demo) milestones
2009: Distributed Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks
Reference scenario: heterogeneous wireless coexistence in ISM band Spectrum awareness: sensing functionality
sensing multiple channels and multiple communication technologies in the ISM band
Adaptive modular protocols distributed interference avoidance algorithm distributed channel allocation global routing optimization of QoS (throughput, reliability)
Integration Development of HAL incorporating spectrum awareness components
Business Aspects: Impact of interference (i.e., application QoS degradation) on revenue.
Revenue enhancements from improved coexistence.
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IBBT-IMEC experimental facilities
Heterogeneous ISM test environment @ IBBT Technologies
commercial radios: IEEE 802.11 (400) IEEE 802.15.4 (> 200) 802.15.1 (200)
open USRP software radios (10) IMEC sensing platform (10)
Spectral range: from 1 MHz to 6 GHz Bandwidth: 1 MHz to 40 MHz
Benchmarking framework automated experimentation, performances analysis and
comparison of cognitive radio & cognitive networking solutions
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Outline
Situating the project Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos
Sensing interference Avoiding interference Minimizing interference
Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Sensing interference
Prototype: 500 MHz to 2.5 GHz
© imec/restricted 2010 38
500 MHz 2.5 GHz
• 40 nm RFIC • On chip ADC • 100 MHz -> 6 GHz
Prototype demonstrating sensing capabilities of IMEC Scaldio2B
RFIC
Avoiding interference
Building floor during nighttime Building floor during daytime
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Avoiding interference
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Single channel Multi-channel
Multichannel solution
Minimizing interference
2 WSNs in each others range Suboptimal routing Suboptimal use of spectrum
Route optimization by Resource sharing Back end routing will lead to higher spectrum efficiency
Demo TinySPOTComm
Communication between 2 different sensor nodes, using identical radios Global routing
1 routing protocol across sensors and back-end network providing overall connectivity
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SunSPOT
TMote
Outline
Situating the project Objectives Research partners Milestones Demos Regulatory trends & business aspects
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Wireless Networks towards more Flexible Spectrum Management?
Current regulatory system of exclusive, long-term spectrum licensing: inefficiency and high entry barriers Spectrum underused Innovation stifled Customers locked-in
Trend towards technological neutrality & spectrum sharing Increasing heterogeneity of access technologies (despite LTE) Huge demand for additional capacity Digital dividend incites debate on spectrum refarming and sharing
Towards more flexible forms of spectrum management Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Spectrum pooling Secondary markets and change of use
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Cognitive Radio: Technologies to cope with Flexible Spectrum Management
Cognitive Radio New paradigm for mobile and wireless Intelligence and autonomy of networks and handsets Actively monitor context and change behaviour
In context of Flexible Spectrum Management Spectrum sensing Spectrum sharing Dynamic spectrum allocation
May have repercussions on Spectrum use Spectrum cost User experience Industry architecture
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Regulatory Trends – WAPECS
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WAPECS - Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communications (WAPECS) A framework for the provision of electronic communications
services within a set of frequency bands to be identified and agreed between European Union Member States in which a range of electronic communications networks and electronic communications services may be offered on a technology and service neutral basis, provided that certain technical requirements to avoid interference are met, to ensure the effective and efficient use of the spectrum, and the authorisation conditions do not distort competition.
Regulatory Trends – WAPECS
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Regulatory Trends – Digital Dividend
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Harmonised conditions for the sub-band 790-862 MHz optimised for, but not limited to, fixed/mobile communications networks Principle: least restrictive technical conditions Avoid interference Facilitate cross-border coordination
Regulatory Trends – Collective Use of Spectrum
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CUS allows an undetermined number of independent users and/or devices to access spectrum in the same range of frequencies at the same time in a particular geographic area under a well-defined set of conditions
Regulatory Trends – Collective Use of Spectrum
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Potential Business Impact
CAPEX and OPEX reduction for Network Operators/Spectrum Holders Reduce costs in spectrum Sub-lease excess capacity in licensed band Efficient use of spectrum
Diversification of NO’s service portfolio Better performance and user experience Increased QoS Interoperability between services and networks Cross-country operation: roaming Increase of service value
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