Microsoft Virtual Academy

Module 2

Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role

Module Overview

• Installing the Hyper-V Role

•Managing Hyper-V

•Configuring Hyper-V Settings

•Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role

• Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V

•Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability

•Hyper-V Architecture

•Considerations for Disk and Storage

•Considerations for Networking

•Considerations for High Availability

•Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V

• Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems:

• Include Hyper-V and other roles

• GUI and command-line management

• Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights

• Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating

system

• Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server

operating system

• Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer:

• Includes only the Hyper-V role

• Command-line management only (if managed locally)

• Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately

• Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems:

• Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high

availability or live migration

Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability

System Resource Windows Server

2012 R2

Server

Logical processors 320

Physical memory 4 TB

Virtual processors per server 2,048

Virtual

machine

Virtual processors per virtual machine 64

Memory per virtual machine 1 TB

Running virtual machines per server 1,024

Virtual disk size 64 TB

Failover clusterNodes per failover cluster 64

Running virtual machines per cluster 8,000

Considerations for Disk and Storage

•Hyper-V hosts can use

• DAS

• SAN

• NAS (SMB 3.0)

• Network shared folders (SMB 3.0)

•Virtual Machines require storage for

• Virtual hard disk files

• Configuration

• Checkpoints

• Saved state

Considerations for Networking

•Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs

• Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management

• At least one NIC for virtual machine networks

• Two NICs for shared storage

• Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network)

• At least one NIC for live migration

•Use fast NICs

•NIC teaming for redundancy and throughput

• Bandwidth management

Considerations for High Availability

•Hyper-V host-based failover clustering

• Virtual machines are highly available

•Virtual machine-based failover clustering

• Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available

•Virtual machine-based NLB

• Highly available and scale out web-based applications

•Application-specific clustering

• Applications are highly available

Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

•Hyper-V is installed as A server role

• Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe

• Restart required after installation

•Hypervisor is added and starts automatically

•Windows Server is moved into parent partition

• Hyper-V management tools

• Additional services

• Performance Monitor counters

• Applications and Services logs

• Hyper-V Administrators group

• Windows Firewall rules

Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V

•Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console

•Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console

•Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V

•Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment

•Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer

•Hyper-V Security Model

Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console

Hyper-V servers

Listing of virtual

machines

Hyper-V

server

actions

Virtual

machine

actions

Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console

•Used for configuring Hyper-V

• Also on Hyper-V Server

• If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager,

Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically

•Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must

enable

• Windows Server - Add feature

• Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature

• Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7)

• If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device

• RDP

Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V

•Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role

• Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows

PowerShell

• Get-Command -Module Hyper-V

• Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part*

• Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax

• Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, …

• Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1

• Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM

• Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1

• Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft

•Windows PowerShell ISE

Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment

•Hyper-V can be a workgroup member

• This has no effect on virtual machines running on the

Hyper-V host

• Domain membership simplifies management

• To enable remote management in a workgroup

• Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only)

• Create a local user with the same username and

password

• Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group

• Grant administrative rights remotely to local users

•Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console

•Use HVRemote to simplify configuration

Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer

• Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment

•Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including:

• Hyper-V should be the only enabled role

• Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers

• Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V

• BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows

PowerShell

• Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely

• Can filter scan results

•Compliance scan returns one of three levels:

• Error, Warning, Information

Hyper-V Security Model

•Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security

• Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules

• Depreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2

• Many administrators use VMM

• Simple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2

• Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups—are

empty by default

• Members have full access to Hyper-V

• Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into

Authorization Manager

Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings

•Overview of Hyper-V Settings

•What Is NUMA?

•What Is RemoteFX?

•What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

•What Are Resource Pools?

Overview of Hyper-V Settings

What Is NUMA?

• NUMA

• Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory

• Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes

• Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location

• Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines

• Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use

resources

• Can minimize cross-node memory access

• NUMA spanning enabled at host level

• Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual

machine level

• By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA

What Is RemoteFX?

• Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent

to a physical desktop environment

• System Requirements

• GPU

• Second level address translation

• RD Virtualization Host role service

• RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware

• RemoteFX features:

• RemoteFX for WAN

• RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics

• RemoteFX Media Streaming

• RemoteFX Multi-Touch

• RemoteFX USB Redirection

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

•Remote Desktop over VMBus

• Full Remote Desktop capabilities

• Shared clipboard

• Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection

• Folder redirection

• Enabled at Hyper-V host

•Guest operating system support

required

• Windows Server 2012 R2

• Windows 8.1

• Remote Desktop users

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Hypervisor

Applications

Video / Keyboard / Mouse Driver

VMBusVMBus

Virtual Machine Management

Service

Virtual Machine Worker Process

Applications

ApplicationsVirtual machine connect

Basic Experience

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Hypervisor

Applications

VMBusVMBus

Virtual Machine Management

Service

Virtual Machine Worker Process

Applications

ApplicationsVirtual machine connect

Enhanced session mode

Remote Desktop Services

What Are Resource Pools?

• Resource pools are logical containers

• Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware

• Virtual machine configured to use the pool

• Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool

• Helpful when moving virtual machines

• Resource pools can be used for chargeback

• Different resource pool types

• Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD

• Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell

• Get-VMResourcePool

• New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network" -ResourcePoolType Ethernet

Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

•Overview of Storage Spaces

•Overview of Disk Deduplication

•What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

•What Is SMB 3.0?

•Hyper-V over SMB

•Overview of Network Teaming

Clustered

• What’s in a storage appliance?

• x86/x64 Processors

• Memory

• Network Adapters

• Storage HBAs

“Back”

“Front”

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks,

presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored,

Parity etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks,

presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored,

Parity etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB

Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

SAS

Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb

FC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb

Demystifying Storage Appliances

Clustered

Windows Server 2012 Spaces

Windows Server 2012 File Server

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, NFS, SMB

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, NFS, SMB

Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

Servers

SAS

SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb

40Gb/56 Gb RDMA

Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces

New Designs: Cluster in a Box

Availability• At least one node and storage always available,

despite failure or replacement of any component

• Dual power domains

Simplicity• Pre-wired, internal interconnects between

nodes, controllers, and storage

Flexibility• PCIe slots for flexible LAN options

• External SAS ports for JBOD expansion

• Office-level power, cooling, and acoustics to fit

under a desk

Server Enclosure

Additional JBODs …

B ports

A ports

x8 PCIe

Server BServer A

x8 PCIe

x4 SAS

External JBOD

x8 PCIe

x4 SAS

x8 PCIe

1/10G E or Infiniband 1/10G E or Infiniband

B ports

A ports

SAS

Expander

SAS

Expander23…10

NetworkNetwork

23…10SAS

Expander

Storage

Controller

CPU

SAS

Expander

Storage

Controller

CPU

x4 SAS (through midplane)

x4 SAS (through midplane)

1/10G Ethernet cluster connect

(through midplane)

DataOn – DNS 9220

http://www.dataonstorage.com

• Storage Tiering

• Data deduplication

• RAID resiliency groups

• Pooling of disks

• High availability

• Persistent write-back cache

• Copy offload

• Snapshots

• Storage Tiering (new with R2)

• Data deduplication (enhanced in R2)

• Flexible resiliency options (enhanced in R2)

• Pooling of disks

• High availability

• Persistent write-back cache (new with R2)

• SMB copy offload

• Snapshots

Traditional Storagewith FC/iSCSI Storage Array

Windows File Server Clusterwith Storage Spaces

Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities

Storage Tiering

Can “Hard Disk Drives

Cold data

Overview of Storage Spaces

• Storage pools – collection of physical disks

• Storage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spaces

• Storage Spaces features

• Resiliency and integrity on standard disks

• Continuous availability and CSV integration

• Optimal storage use and storage tiering

• Multitenancy and isolation

Windows

virtualized

storage

Physical

storage

(Shared) SAS, SATA or USB

Storage Pool

Storage

Spaces

Storage Pool

Storage

Spaces

Storage Pool

Storage

Spaces

Overview of Disk Deduplication

• Identifies and removes duplications within data

• Without compromising data integrity

• To store more data on less space

• After data is stored (post-process)

•Requires NTFS file system

• Failover clustering and shared storage supported

• CSV support added in R2

•Can significantly decrease space for VHD library

• R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI

• VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share

• Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not

supported

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

• Traditional data copy model

• Server issues read request to SAN

• Data is read and transferred into memory

• Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN

• Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic

•Offload-enabled data copy model

• Server issues read request and SAN returns token

• Server issues write request to SAN using token

• SAN completes data copy and confirms completion

• Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization

• SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

Intelligent

Storage Array

Storage

arrayStorage

arrayActual data transfer

Offload

readToken

Offload

write

Token

What Is SMB 3.0?

• SMB is network file sharing protocol

• SMB protocol versions are backward compatible

• SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2)

• SMB Transparent Failover

• SMB Scale Out

• SMB Multichannel

• SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)

• SMB Encryption

• VSS for SMB file shares

• Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell

• SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it

Hyper-V over SMB

•Hyper-V data files stored on network shares

• Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints

• Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer

• File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers

• They must be members of the same Active Directory

• Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated

(VDI)

•Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN

• Uses SMB 3.0 features

• Benefits

• Easier provisioning and management

• Uses existing infrastructure