COASTAL AND MARINECOASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONI i T bi UNEP/MAPIvica Trumbic, UNEP/MAP

• The Mediterranean hydrologic drainage basin stretches over more than 5 million km2more than 5 million km2.

• Rivers play a particular role in the water circulation, geochemistry and ultimately in sustaining the marinegeochemistry and ultimately in sustaining the marine productivity in the Mediterranean Sea

• 10 largest rivers of the Mediterranean Sea are the Rhone, P D i B Nil N Eb Tib Adi S hPo, Drin- Buna, Nile, Neretva, Ebro, Tiber, Adige, Seyhan and Ceyhan

• Of the three continents (Europe Asia and Africa) which• Of the three continents (Europe, Asia, and Africa) which discharge into the Mediterranean Sea, dominant contributions are from Europe

• About 25% of total discharge occurs in the Adriatic

• Many developed coastal areas of the Mediterranean suffer from the effects of an increased influx of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorousS i l d t t d h i l t t t ti• Sources include untreated human sewage, animal waste, transportation, fertilizers, and industrial discharges

• For nitrogen the largest emitters are urban wastewater treatment (31%), livestock farming (19%), and the metal industry (11%) g ( ), y ( )

• The main sources of phosphorus emissions are from fertilizer manufacturing (63%), livestock farming (20%), and urban wastewater treatment (8%)

• Agriculture has been identified as the largest non-point source of pollutants to ththe

• The basins draining into the Mediterranean Sea cover a total area of about 1.9 million km2 (excluding the upper Nile Basin) and include 24 countries

• Nutrients in run-off reach the sea via transport through groundwater wetlandsNutrients in run off reach the sea via transport through groundwater, wetlands, rivers and lakes..

• While the overall inputs of nitrogen (about 1.5-4.5 million tonnes per year) and phosphorous (about 0.1-0.4 million tonnes per year) are relatively low compared to other seas (e g Black Sea) nonetheless these nutrients are problematic into other seas (e.g., Black Sea), nonetheless, these nutrients are problematic in coastal areas.

• Barcelona Convention and its Protocols• Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities

(adopted 1980, in force 1983 (LBS Protocol, amended 1996, in force 2008)),

• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM g g (Protocol, adopted 2008, in force 2011)

What is MedPartnership?What is MedPartnership?A collective effort for the protection of theA collective effort for the protection of the environmental resources of the Mediterranean

It is led by UNEP/MAP and the World Bank, co-funded by GEF and involving other relevantfunded by GEF and involving other relevant international cooperation Agencies, International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and bilateral and multilateral donors

ObjectivesjImplement the Strategic Action Programmes and National Action PlansAction Plans

Implement ICZM Protocol

Leverage long-term financing for environmental protection

Ensure, through the replication process, that the follow-up embedded in the Barcelona Convention and MAP systemembedded in the Barcelona Convention and MAP system

What?Partnership: UNEP/MAP and World Bank12 countries and Palestine Authority

What?

12 countries and Palestine Authority12 executing partners6 big donors + countries’ and agencies’ co-financing6 big donors + countries and agencies co-financing2 major components: Regional Project and Investment Fund4 sub-components and more than 10 investment projects46 demonstration projects50 mil. USD Regional Project; 75 mil. USD Investment Fund

Regional Project: Components and Sub-components

Component 1I t t d A h f th I l t ti f th SAP d NAPIntegrated Approaches for the Implementation of the SAPs and NAPs: ICZM, IWRM and Management of Coastal Aquifers1.1 Management of coastal Aquifers1.2. Integrated Coastal Zone Management1.3. Integrated Water resource Management

Component 3Conservation of Biological Diversity: Implementation of SAP-BIO and related NAPs 3.1.Conservation of Coastal

Component 2Pollution from Land-based activities including POPs: Implementation ofSAPMED and related NAPs

Component 4Project Coordination, Replication and Communication strategies, and Management and M&E

SAPMED SAPBIO

Marine Diversity through the development of a Mediterranean MPA Network3.2. Promote the sustainable use of fisheries

2.1 Facilitation of policy and legislation reforms for pollution control2.2 Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST-MED)

4.1. Project Coordination, Management and M&E(sus financing)4.2 Information and Communication Strategies4.3. Replication Strategy

resources in the Mediterranean through the development and application of Ecosystem-based Management Approaches

gy ( )2.3. Environmentally sound management of equipment, stocks and wastes containing or contaminated by PCBs in national electricity companies of

4.3. Replication Strategy

y pMediterranean countries

Coastal zone, water and aquifer managementq g

Sub-comp 1.1. Aquifers and groundwater:1.1.1 Assessment of risk and uncertainty related to

Sub-com 1.2: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)1.1.1 Assessment of risk and uncertainty related to

Mediterranean coastal aquifers;1.1.2. Regional Actions for Coastal Aquifer Management 1.1.3.Legislative, institutional and policy reforms

Management (ICZM)1.2.1. Support activities in preparation of National ICZM Strategies and National Action Plans;1.2.2. Application of ICZM approach,g , p y

for Coastal Aquifer Management;1.2.2. Application of ICZM approach, tools and techniques in demonstration areas;

Sub-com 1.3: Integrated Water Resource Management g g(IWRM):1.3.1. Contribute to develop the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) Strategy for Water in the Mediterranean 1.3.3. Catalyze Action and Build Capacity on National IWRM Planning1.3.3. Develop IRBM and dialogue in globally important river basin(s) and adjacent coastal area( ) j

Croatia1.1.2.5 Implementation of eco-hydrogeology applications for management and protection of coastal wetlands (UNESCO

1.2.1.3 Case study on implications of ratification of ICM Protocol on national legislation (PAP/RAC)

2.1.7. to 2.1.9. Permit, Inspection and Compliance Systems (MEDPOL)

1.1.1.2 Coastal aquifer vulnerability

1.1.1.2 Coastal aquifer vulnerability mapping, Novljanska Žrnovnica karstic spring

of coastal wetlands (UNESCO IHP)

Systems (MEDPOL)

3.1.4.4: Demonstrationvulnerability

mapping, Pula coastal aquifer (UNESCO IHP)

a st c sp g(UNESCO IHP)

Demonstration Project on financial sustainability mechanisms for at least three new MPAs in different

3.1.2.4 Inception, planning, zoning and development of new MPAs – Vis Island (RAC/SPA)3.1.2.5 Identification of local

MPAs in different areas (RAC/SPA) -Montenegro, Croatia, Albania

stakeholder participation mechanism for the pilot MPAs 3.1.3.2 Organize specific technical assistance and exchange/twining programmes to provide on-site

3.1.3.7 Demonstration Project in Croatia: Management and M&E plans for the existingprogrammes to provide on site

assistance to new-MPAs managers, practitioners and relevant authorities

plans for the existing MPAs - Lastovo, Mijiet, Telascica, Brijuni, Kornati (WWF-MedPO)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

2.1.7. to 2.1.9. Permit, Inspection and

3.1.2.3 Characterization of priority marine sites suitable to

Herzegovina

Inspection and Compliance Systems (MEDPOL) - Bosnia-Herzegovina,

priority marine sites suitable to become MPAs - country coast assessment in Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Morocco (RAC/SPA)

3 1 2 1 Establish priority activities

Morocco (RAC/SPA)

3.1.2.1 Establish priority activities needed to create MPAs inBosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, Libya, Montenegro and Syria (RAC/SPA)(RAC/SPA)

Albania1.1.2.2 Integration of groundwater management in ICZM and IWRM

1.2.2.1 ICZM Plan in demo area of high environmental sensitivity (PAP/RAC) Montenegro Bojana

1.2.1.2 Support to the preparation of ICZM NAPs (PAP/RAC)management in ICZM and IWRM

planning systems (UNESCO IHP) Bojana Bay

(PAP/RAC) Montenegro-Bojana ICZM Plan and Albania - Buna ICZM Plan

1.3.3. Develop IRBM and dialogue in globally important river basin(s)

NAPs (PAP/RAC) -Albania

and adjacent coastal area (GWP-Med) - Buna river as part of the extended Drin river system

2.3. Environmentally Sound Management of equipment, stocks and wastes containing or contaminated by PCBs in national electricity companiesnational electricity companies of Mediterranean countries (MEDPOL) - Albania 2.1.7. to 2.1.9. Permit,

Inspection and Compliance Systems (MEDPOL) - Albania,

3.1.4.4: Demonstration Project on financial sustainability mechanisms for at least three

MPA i diff t3.1.2.1 Establish priority activities needed to create MPAs in

new MPAs in different areas (RAC/SPA) - Montenegro, Croatia, Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, Libya, Montenegro and Syria (RAC/SPA)3.1.2.3 Characterization of priority marine sites suitable to become MPAs - country coast assessment in Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Morocco (RAC/SPA)Bosnia and Herzegovina and Morocco (RAC/SPA)

Ecosystem ApproachEcosystem Approach• Strategy for integrated management of land water and living resourcesStrategy for integrated management of land, water and living resources

that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way (CBD)

• Places human needs at the centre of biodiversity management It aims• Places human needs at the centre of biodiversity management. It aims to manage the ecosystem, based on the multiple functions that ecosystem perform and the multiple uses that are made of these functions The ecosystem aproach does not aim for short-term economicfunctions. The ecosystem aproach does not aim for short term economic gains, but aims to optimize the use of an ecosystem without damaging it (IUCN)

“Conventional” vs. Ecosystem Approach*Conventional vs. Ecosystem ApproachEcosystem approach

“Conventional”approachTop down Participatory

One objective: production Multiple objectives

approachapproach

Sectoral, individual resources Interaction with other sectors

Farm scale (local) most common Multiple (nested) scales

P di ti Ad tiPredictive Adaptive

Scientific knowledge Extended knowledge

Prescriptions Incentives

Corporate Public/Transparent

*adapted from FAO

MAP Project: Road MapMAP Project: Road Map1 D fi iti f l i l Vi i f th M dit1. Definition of an ecological Vision for the Mediterranean.2. Setting of common Mediterranean strategic goals.3. Identification of important ecosystem properties and assessment of

l i l t t decological status and pressures.4. Development of a set of ecological objectives corresponding to the

Vision and strategic goals.5 D i ti f ti l bj ti ith i di t d t t l l5. Derivation of operational objectives with indicators and target levels.6. Revision of existing monitoring programmes for ongoing

assessment and regular updating of targets.7 De elopment and re ie of rele ant action plans and programmes7. Development and review of relevant action plans and programmes

VisionVision“ A healthy Mediterranean with marine and coastalA healthy Mediterranean with marine and coastal

ecosystems that are productive and biologically diverse for the benefit of present and futurediverse for the benefit of present and future generations”

Integrated Coastal Zone M tManagement

• ICZM is a continuous proactive and adaptive process of resource• ICZM is a continuous, proactive and adaptive process of resource management for environmentally sustainable development in coastal areasICZM i ltidi i li h l ti f bl ithi• ICZM requires a multidisciplinary approach, solution of problems within “sectors” instead of transferring the problems to other “sectors”, participation of all interested parties, as well as integration among sectors, institutions and government levels

• ICZM requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between coastal resources, their uses and the mutual impacts of pdevelopment on the economy and the environment

Guidelines

Cetina River Watershed and Adjacent Coastaland Adjacent Coastal

Area

Basic Principles of ICARMpRespect the integrity of river basin and coastal ecosystems accepting limits on the use of resourcesp gEnsure the strategic importance of renewable resources for socio-economic developmentAll f h l i l f i i Allow for the multiple use of resources integrating complementary activities and regulating/separating conflicting onesEnsure multi-sectoral and multi-level integration in decision making linking broad scale management to local level interventionsinterventionsAllow for participation of all actors particularly local population in the planning process to assure effective managementp g p g

Focus for ICARMAt the local scale ICARM would be focused on:

• controlling key processes especially water and material/ sediment• controlling key processes especially water and material/ sediment flows

• managing critical socio-economic issues/factors;• controlling waste/pollution• assuring quantity and quality of water arriving downstream which is

important for coastal sediment budgets and for the conservation ofimportant for coastal sediment budgets and for the conservation of habitats, wetlands, deltas, estuaries

• protecting areas of high ecological value of mutual interest such as l d i d l d iwetlands, river deltas and estuaries

• siting of projects and structures

At the national scale ICARM would be focused on:• establishing a mechanism for co-ordinating goals and decisions of• establishing a mechanism for co-ordinating goals and decisions of

all stakeholders• integrating socio-economic considerations with natural and

environmental ones• identifying and evaluating human pressures• linking broader issues/changes with river basin and coastal• linking broader issues/changes with river basin and coastal

systems

At the international scale ICARM would focus on:t bli hi it i h• establishing resource monitoring schemes

• establishing large ecosystem management schemes

Ivica TrumbicProject ManagerUNEP/MAP GEF

Strategic Partnership for the g pMediterranean Large Marine

EcosystemMedPartnershippAthens, GREECE

www.medpartnership.orgwww.medpartnership.org

Thank you!Thank you!