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Financed by: BMZ
(German Federal Ministry
for Economic Cooperation
& Development)
Political Partner:
United Nations Economic
& Social Commission
Asia Pacific
Implementation
Partner:
• ICLEI South Asia
• South East Asia
Implemented by:
GIZ
German International
Cooperation
Integrated Resource Management
(Water / Energy / Food Security / Land Use) in Asian Cities:
The Urban Nexus
1st Phase 2013-2015
2nd Phase 2016-2019
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Mongolia
• Ulaanbaatar (1.400.000 Inhab.)
China
• Rizhao (2.880.000 Inhab.)
• Weifang/Binhai Development Zone
(9.000,000/ 150,000 Inhab.)
India
• Rajkot (1.286,678 Inhab.)
• Nagpur (2.405,665 Inhab.)
Thailand
• Bangkok (8.400.000 Inhab.)
• Korat (180,000 Inhab.)
• Chiang Mai (150,000 Inhab.)
Vietnam
• Da Nang (1.029,000 Inhab.)
Philippines
• Santa Rosa (330,000 Inhab.)
• Naga City (180,000 Inhab.)
Indonesia
• Jakarta (10,075,310 Inhab.)
• Pekanbaru (1.000,000 Inhab.)
• Tanjung Pinang (230.000 Inhab.)
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Rationale
• Demand for fresh water, energy and food will rise between 40-50% by 2030
• Security of supply in one sector is inextricably linked to security of supply in each
of the other two sectors.
Cities
• Cities consume over two-thirds of the world’s energy and account for more than 70% of global CO2 emissions
• 90% of the world’s urban areas are coastal, putting cities at high risk from the impacts of climate change (C40 2017)
• More than 80% of annual global climate change adaptation costs arise in cities (World Bank 2010)
Cities play a leadership role in driving global action to address climate change!
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• the interdependencies between
water, energy and food security
• the synergies and competing
uses of water, land and energy-
related resources.
• a fundamental shift, from a
sectoral to a cross-sectoral,
integrated approach
• the Nexus approach challenges
existing structures, sector
policies and procedures.
• The three "supply securities"
water, energy and food to be
protected and used in a
balanced manner.
Approach highlights:
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• For nearly all types of energy
production (coal, geothermal, hydro,
oil and gas, nuclear) huge amounts
of water are required;
• On average 15% of the world’s
total water withdrawals are used
for energy production;
• Energy is the dominant cost
factor in the provision of water
and wastewater services
• Energy can account for up to 30%
of total operating costs of water
and waste water utilities.
.
Water and energy interconnected
Robert C. Brears is the author of Urban Water Security (Wiley)
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Create resilient cities (economically, socially, ecologically, politically) through:
• Physical infrastructure (innovative technologies & standards) (hard-ware), semi-
decentralized, cross sectoral infrastructure projects (grounded):
o Solid waste to energy & water reuse,
o Waste water to energy, reuse of water, nutrients
o Reduction of water losses
o Energy Efficiency of buildings, energy savings, renewable energies
• Social infrastructure (soft ware):
all inclusive cities, people-centered development (“leave no one behind”),
holistic/integrated planning/system, decentralization along subsidiarity principles,
empowerment of cities as “key drivers of development”
Within the framework:
• Circular (green) economy approach, return/reuse/recycle/recover, tariff issues are
crucial (consumption-oriented, cost covering)
Objective:
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page 10page 10Graph adapted from German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik
as action-oriented guiding principle!
Integrated cross - sectorial system approach within the
vision of a circular economy and international agendas
THE URBAN NEXUS
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User
makeProduct manufacturer
Parts manufacturer
Service provider
Consumer
Linear Economy
take Mining/MineralsWater
Energy
dispose
Landfill
Solid waste
pick up
Waste-water
Collection
only partially
Waste-water treatment
only partially
Discharge into
rivers, lakes & sea
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make
Product manufacturer
Parts manufacturer
Service provider
dispose
Anaerobic
digestion
Refuse-derived
fuel
UserConsumer
take Mining/MineralsWater
Energy
Landfill
Solid waste
pick up
Biogas
Recycle
Source
separation
return
Maintenance/
Repair
Reuse/
redistribute
Refurbish/
Remanufacture
Horticulture Agriculture
return
Waste-water
collection
Black-water
separation
Service/Irrigation water
Grey-water
treatment
return
Circular Economy with Energy & Mass Flow Cycles
Biological
cycle
Technical
cycle
Energy
generation
returnreturn
Energy
generation
Nexus intervention
area
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DON’T WASTE THE WASTE
• Solid Waste to
Energy
• Solid Waste to
Water
• Recycling of
Solid
Waste/Valuables
Technical Areas focused on:
Energy & Material Cycle of Solid Waste
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35 practically oriented nexus infrastructure
(pilot) projects elaborated in the Nexus
partner cities amounting to an investment
volume of USD 460 million CAPEX (pre- and
feasibility studies also including OPEX).
VERICAL INTEGRATION
National –sub-national-local dialogues
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
Inter-communal reaching economies of scale;
Organizational structures for clustering
required
Inclusion of academia
Peer-to-peer learning, south-south dialogue
Nexus Training (A Training Toolkit for integrated resource management in Asian cities)
New Formats
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New Formats
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"We can not solve
problems
with the same level of
thinking
that created them”
Albert Einstein
Thank you!
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