56
Integrated Wastewater Management Concept for Sabhan industrial Zone Final Report Contact Person Ahlen, Dr.-Ing. Thomas Böning 18. April 2018
Integrated Wastewater Management Concept for Sabhan industrial Zone Final Report
Contact Person Ahlen, Dr.-Ing. Thomas Böning 18. April 2018
Table of Contents
1 Introduction............................................................................................... 1
2 Goals of the project and Methodology .................................................... 2
3 Identification of wastewater sources and discharge points, including a sampling survey (Status quo) .............................................. 4
3.1 Procedure ................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Results ....................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 Number of Companies and Kind of Operations ........................................... 6
3.2.2 Water- and Wastewater Quantities ............................................................. 9
3.2.3 Waste Water Composition ........................................................................ 13
3.2.4 Sludge disposal ........................................................................................ 15
3.3 Summary and Conclusion of Status Quo .................................................. 16
4 New concept of Wastewater disposal ................................................... 18
4.1 Wastewater Quantity and Wastewater Load ............................................. 18
4.2 Wastewater-Collection-System ................................................................. 18
4.2.1 Excisting Sewer System ........................................................................... 18
4.2.2 Future Discharge of Industrial Waste Water ............................................. 18
4.3 Industrial Pre-Treatment + Control ............................................................ 20
4.3.1 Industrial Pre-Treatment ........................................................................... 20
4.3.2 Industrial Control ...................................................................................... 23
4.4 Central Treatment Concept ....................................................................... 26
4.4.1 Basics for the Plant concept ..................................................................... 26
4.4.2 Process scheme ....................................................................................... 26
4.4.3 Process description .................................................................................. 28
4.5 Disposal of the produced sludge ............................................................... 31
4.6 Reuse of Water ......................................................................................... 31
4.7 Monitoring Concept (Guidelines for Monitoring) ........................................ 32
4.8 Financial Evaluation .................................................................................. 34
4.9 Scenario for the Extension of the Waste Water Treatment Plant............... 40
4.9.1 Scope of the Extension ............................................................................. 40
4.9.2 Process description .................................................................................. 40
4.9.3 Scheme of the extended Waste Water Treatment Plant ........................... 42
5 Sources and Citations ............................................................................ 43
Annex ................................................................................................................. 44
1. Questionnaire ........................................................................................... 44
2. Sheet for Samples and Analysis (Example) .............................................. 47
3. Results of analysis .................................................................................... 48
4. Quantity and Quality of Wastewater of Sabhan industrial Zone ................ 49
5. DWA-Guidelines for indirect discharger .................................................... 50
6. Plan of sewer-system ............................................................................... 51
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Map of Kuwait ................................................................................................ 2
Figure 2: Inspection of water-relevant operations .......................................................... 5
Figure 3: Sabhan Industrial Zone ............................................................................ 7
Figure 4: Factories with wastewater in Sabhan ....................................................... 8
Figure 5: Factories of food and beverage sector in Sabhan .................................... 8
Figure 6: Water consumption of factories in Sabhan industrial Zone ..................... 10
Figure 7: Wastewater disposal of factories in Sabhan industrial Zone ................... 11
Figure 8: Wastewater Quantities of Factories of the food and beverage sector in
percentage ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 9: Process of Screening and neutralization ...................................................... 22
Figure 10: Process of Screening, Neutralization and Flotaion ..................................... 22
Figure 11: Industrial controlling System ...................................................................... 25
Figure 12: Process scheme ........................................................................................ 27
Figure 13: Process scheme of the extended Plant ...................................................... 42
Table of Tables
Table 1: Overview of the Operations in Sabhan Industrial Zone ............................ 6
Table 2: Water- and Wastewater Quantities ........................................................ 10
Table 3: Most important factories in Wastewater disposal ................................... 13
Table 4: Waste Water Composition ..................................................................... 14
Table 5: Concentration of heavy metals in waste water ....................................... 15
Table 6: Capacity of existing Sewers and quanity of wastewater of the most relevant
factories ................................................................................................. 19
Table 7: Pre-Treatment-Processes ............................................................................. 21
Table 8: Devices and Control&Monitoring Devices necessary for the Industrial Pre-
Treatment .............................................................................................. 24
Table 9: Monitoring Concept ....................................................................................... 33
Table 10: Estmation of Costs ...................................................................................... 37
Table 11: Spezific Data for Costs ................................................................................ 38
Table 12: Costs related to the different users .............................................................. 39
1
1 Introduction Over the past 20 years the economic and industrial growth in the State of Kuwait has risen
significantly where over 1105 various industrial facilities have been established throughout
the country (Source: Industrial Guide 2013, Public Authority for Industry).
Unregulated/illegal discharge of industrial effluents to the sewerage system have
repeatedly caused severe damage to the operation of municipal wastewater treatment
plants which operate on the principle of aerobic biological digestion using activated
sludge.
The new Environmental Protection Law (No: 42/2014) states clearly that "It is prohibited to
connect clinical and industrial liquid wastes to the public storm water and sewerage
networks. The concerned organizations are committed to establish special treatment
stations for these areas within a maximum period of seven years from the date of issuing
this Law".
Kuwait has 21 registered industrial zones (areas) without sustainable wastewater
treatment (Source: Environmental Monitoring Information System of
Kuwait/Environment Public Authority). Wastewater treatment in industrial zones in Kuwait
has often suffered from poor governance, poor management and under-investment. To
approach this challenge, a new project is proposed for the development of integrated
wastewater management concept of industrial wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone (SIZ)
which will serve as a model for the future establishment of integrated wastewater
treatment systems for all industrial zones in the State of Kuwait.
Figure 1: Map of Kuwait
2 Goals of the project and Methodology The main objective of the proposed project is to develop an integrated wastewater man-
agement concept of industrial wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone which will serve as a
model for the future establishment of integrated wastewater treatment systems for all in-
dustrial zones in the State of Kuwait. The main tasks of the project are:
Identification and quantification of the various types of wastewater sources and
discharge points in Sabhan Industrial Zone.
Specification / characterisation of similar and different kinds of industrial
wastewater with regard to the different kinds of pre-treatment, final treatment and
disposals
Development of a wastewater collection system including the suitable pre-
treatment for each industrial facility in Sabhan Industrial Zone
Suggestion of the location and the technologies of a centralized wastewater treat-
ment plant including a control and monitoring system
Suggestion of measures for the reuse of treated wastewater, valuables materials
and energy from wastewater
Investigation of the possible alternatives for the disposal/utilization of produced
sludge
Development of financial model/incentives/tariffs, which indicates the required in-
vestments and budgets for operations
Development of the technical specifications and the Request for Proposal (RFP)
for the construction and operation of the „Integrated Wastewater Management
System of Industrial Wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone“
The concept shall cover all relevant functions for the sustainable operation of the
wastewater infrastructure within Sabhan Industrial Zone, taking into consideration the
local conditions. It will develop a comprehensive control system, taking into consideration
reliable quality control of the day-to-day operation, and creating the basis for cost calcula-
tion and re-financing of all facilities and organisations within the industrial zone.
2
Figure 1: Map of Kuwait
2 Goals of the project and Methodology The main objective of the proposed project is to develop an integrated wastewater man-
agement concept of industrial wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone which will serve as a
model for the future establishment of integrated wastewater treatment systems for all in-
dustrial zones in the State of Kuwait. The main tasks of the project are:
Identification and quantification of the various types of wastewater sources and
discharge points in Sabhan Industrial Zone.
Specification / characterisation of similar and different kinds of industrial
wastewater with regard to the different kinds of pre-treatment, final treatment and
disposals
Development of a wastewater collection system including the suitable pre-
treatment for each industrial facility in Sabhan Industrial Zone
Suggestion of the location and the technologies of a centralized wastewater treat-
ment plant including a control and monitoring system
Suggestion of measures for the reuse of treated wastewater, valuables materials
and energy from wastewater
Investigation of the possible alternatives for the disposal/utilization of produced
sludge
Development of financial model/incentives/tariffs, which indicates the required in-
vestments and budgets for operations
Development of the technical specifications and the Request for Proposal (RFP)
for the construction and operation of the „Integrated Wastewater Management
System of Industrial Wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone“
The concept shall cover all relevant functions for the sustainable operation of the
wastewater infrastructure within Sabhan Industrial Zone, taking into consideration the
local conditions. It will develop a comprehensive control system, taking into consideration
reliable quality control of the day-to-day operation, and creating the basis for cost calcula-
tion and re-financing of all facilities and organisations within the industrial zone.
3
The concept will develop the Terms of References (ToRs), the Technical Specifications
and the Request for Proposal (RFP) for the construction and operation of the “Integrated
Wastewater Management System of industrial wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone”.
The project approach will be done modular. The single modules for the development of an
integrated wastewater management concepts for Sabhan Industrial Zone are shown and
explained below. Every module will be finished with a result what is the input for the next
module.
Integrated wastewater management concepts for Sabhan Industrial Zone - modular approach -
No. Work stage 1 Identification of wastewater sources and discharge points, including a sampling
survey (Status quo)
2 Development of a wastewater collection system, the suitable pre-treatment, the loca-tion and the technologies of a centralized wastewater treatment plant including a con-trol and monitoring system and estimating of investment and operating costs
3 Development of financial model/incentives/tariffs, which indicates the required invest-ments and budgets for operations
4 Development of the technical specification and the request for Proposal (RFP) for the construction and operation of the “Integrated Wastewater Management System of in-dustrial wastewater in Sabhan Industrial Zone”
Integrated wastewater management concepts for Sabhan Industrial Zone
The survey of the status-quo covers all necessary basic data for the further project steps
and shows comprehensively the initial situation of the Sabhan Industrial Zone.
4
3 Identification of wastewater sources and discharge points, including a sampling survey (Status quo)
3.1 Procedure The first phase of the program involved a survey of the present situation with regard to the
disposal of industrial waste water in the Sabhan Industrial Zone. The following activities
were carried out:
1. A visit of the Sabhan Industrial Zone including a plant tour of selected companies
INFA-employees visited individual enterprises during a 3 day visit in March 2017 and
collected data on the basic problems. The visit served to determine the further
procedures.
2. Establishment of a list of enterprises in the Sabhan Industrial Zone
A list of local enterprises in the Sabhan Industrial Zone was necessary for the project
work. KIU-employees established such a list and handed it over to INFA. This list
formed the basis for further considerations.
3. A written survey was conducted to record the volumes and the qualities of the
industrial wastewater of the enterprises
To record the necessary data a questionnaire was developed. The enterprises had
online access to this questionnaire. Within the framework of a plant inspection
additional data were recorded in wastewater relevant enterprises
4. Inspection of wastewater relevant operations including sampling
A total of 21 operations has been inspected in Sabhan Industrial Zone. The
operations were selected on the basis of the wastewater quantity. Samples were
taken from wastewater that is presently disposed of with tank vehicles
5
Figure 2: Inspection of water-relevant operations
5. Execution of analytical programs
Temperature and pH-value were analysed during sampling already. Thereafter,
parameters like conductance, emulsions or greases, COD and phosphor were
analysed in the laboratory. The samples taken from the metal processing and textile
industry have additionally been tested for heavy metals.
6. Evaluation of Data
After reception of all relevant data these were evaluated and presented in graphic and
tabular form.
6
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Number of Companies and Kind of Operations A total of 196 companies is located in Sabhan Industrial Zone. The information provided in
the questionnaire response show that these companies employ 15,600 staff members. Of
the 196 companies 62 state indicate that industrial wastewater is produced in their
premises. Tank vehicles are used to discharge the industrial wastewater. Some of the
companies need 10 or more tours per day to dispose of the industrial waste water.
Of these 62 wastewater-relevant operations, 45 carry out a preliminary cleaning of the
industrial wastewater. The industrial wastewater of 8 of these operations is already being
treated biologically. 11 companies stated that there is no pre-treatment of the industrial
wastewater is done presently and 6 companies did not give any information concerning
the wastewater treatment. It can therefore be assumed that the wastewater in these
factories is also not treated.
Table 1: Overview of the Operations in Sabhan Industrial Zone
The illustration below shows the Sabhan Industrial Zone. All data have been collected in
the area marked in blue or green. The grey areas are mostly public buildings, where the
data needed is not yet available.
7
Figure 3: Sabhan Industrial Zone
25 of the 62 wastewater-relevant factories are operating in the field of Food and
Beverage. 11 factories produce chemical products, 8 are part of the Paper and Print
industry, 5 work in the metal sector and 2 factories produce carpets. 11 Factories cover
sectors that could not be classified under one of the aforementioned categories.
8
Figure 4: Factories with wastewater in Sabhan
A detailed consideration of the food and beverage sector shows that 11 of the 25 factories
produce bakery products. 4 factories each produce potato chips or soft drinks.
Figure 5: Factories of food and beverage sector in Sabhan
9
3.2.2 Water- and Wastewater Quantities According to data flow meter No. 332 the total water consumption of the Sabhan Industrial
Zone was at about 5.000.000 m³ in 2016. The wastewater-related factories revealed in the
survey a water consumption of about 3.500.000 m³ in total. This is a difference of about
1.5 million m³ and may have the following reasons:
Non-wastewater relevant factories have a high water consumption for sanitary and
cleaning activities.
A high water consumption of the 10 public buildings not yet covered by the survey
Leaks within the water supply network
The indicated value for the water consumption given in the survey is to low
In the course of the project the water consumption will be considered once again.
The factories stated that a minimum of 900,000 m³ are added to the relevant product.
Going from a wastewater volume of about 1.6 million m³ this means a difference of about
1 million m³ remains with regard to the wastewater volume. This may be caused by one of
the following reasons:
The water quantity added to the product is higher than 900.000 m³.
The value for the water consumption indicated by the factories is to low
Within the framework of the project the wastewater quantities will also be analysed again.
10
Table 2: Water- and Wastewater Quantities
Typ of Water Source Amount Actual consumption of fresh water
in Sabhan Industrial Zone
Data of Flow meter No. 332
(Ministry of Electricity &
Water, 2016/2017)
5,000,000 m³/year
Estimated fresh water consumption
by the relevant Industries in
Sabhan Industrial Zone
Questionnaire 3,500,000 m³/year
Estimates fresh water used by the
relevant industries in products
Questionnaire 900,000 m³/year
Estimates amount of industrial
Wastewater discharged by
factories in Subhan Industrial Zone
Questionnaire 1,600,000 m³/year
The water consumption and the wastewater volume were subsequently evaluated by
sectors. 94 % of the water consumption is used by factories of the “food and beverage”
sector. The same is true for the wastewater volume disposed. 91 % are accounted for by
the food and beverage sector.
Figure 6: Water consumption of factories in Sabhan industrial Zone
11
Figure 7: Wastewater disposal of factories in Sabhan industrial Zone
The illustration below shows a further segmentation of the wastewater volume from the
“food and beverage” sector. It becomes clear that about 66 % of the wastewater is
produced by dairies and milk processing businesses. 19 % originates from the production
of soft drinks and fruit juice. The remaining 15 % originates from the production of meat,
potato chips, bakery, cakes and pasties.
12
Figure 8: Wastewater Quantities of Factories of the food and beverage sector in percentage
13
The table below shows the wastewater volume of the 13 factories whose wastewater
quantity is not less than 1 % of the total industrial wastewater quantity of the Sabhan
Industrial Zone.
Table 3: Most important factories in Wastewater disposal
The industrial wastewater of the Sabhan Industrial Zone is mainly produced by factories of
the food sector. It is therefore to be expected that the industrial wastewater of the Sabhan
Industrial Zone can be considered as unproblematic with regard to a further treatment.
3.2.3 Waste Water Composition As already mentioned, samples were taken from each wastewater relevant factory in the
Sabhan Industrial Zone. Sampling was performed from wastewater disposed of by tank
vehicles. For factories with a pre-treatment facility, the sampling was thus performed after
the pre-treatment.
The samples were analysed subsequently later in the laboratory (Annex 3).
The following table provides the results of the analytical tests of 21 wastewater samples
from 21 factories. A minimum and a maximum value each are indicated.
14
Furthermore, you will find an average value weighted with regard to the wastewater
volume of each factory.
Table 4: Waste Water Composition
Generally, the pollutant loads of the examined wastewater samples are within the typical
range. The results reveal that at least for some factories the pH-value was below 6.5. As a
general rule this requires a neutralization of the wastewater. Considering the concen-
tration of total suspended solids (TSS), they are very high (max. value about 31 g/l) for
some factories. These factories should care for an improved retention of the solids
concentration. Same applies for emulsions and greases. With about 65 mg/l, these are
partly at a higher level, too. Adequately dimensioned separators should be installed.
In spite of a maximum of approx. 4.600 mg/l, the COD-value may be considered as
unproblematic, as a high biodegradability can be assumed.
A determination of the heavy metal concentrations was performed in 4 wastewater
relevant factories outside the food and beverage sector. Please find the results in the
table below.
15
Table 5: Concentration of heavy metals in waste water
The heavy metal concentrations are generally in a lower range. Nevertheless, the
factories should provide for the necessary measures to retain heavy metals. Since there
are only a few factories producing wastewater polluted with heavy metals, pre-treatment
plants at the factories should reduce the heavy metal concentration in the wastewater
stream.
3.2.4 Sludge disposal Forty five Companies in Sabhan industrial Zone have a preliminary cleaning of the
industrial wastewater. By this processes about 6,840 m³ of liquid sludge and about 6,250
Tons of dewatered sludge are produced. The liquid sludge is transportes by tanktrucks to
WAFRA and the dewatered sludge is collected in containers or bags and disposed by
trucks to a dump.
16
3.3 Summary and Conclusion of Status Quo A written survey and additional visits to selected factories formed the basis to collect
relevant data regarding quantities and qualities of the industrial wastewater in the Sabhan
Industrial Zone. In addition, samples were taken and analysed at wastewater-relevant
factories.
It can be noted that a total of 196 factories are located in the Sabhan Industrial Zone. 62
of these factories produce approx. 1.6 million m³ industrial wastewater. According to their
statements the other factories do not produce any industrial wastewater. The wastewater
volume indicated by the factories is far less than the actual metered consumption of
freshwater provided by the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW, 2016/2017). One
cause for this phenomenon is the fact that during the production part of the fresh water is
added to the relevant product. The questionnaire did not collect information about
freshwater consumption or wastewater generation of public buildings in Sabhan, which
could be another reason for this huge difference. Fresh water and wastewater volume
shall be under review again at a later stage of the project.
To dispose of the industrial wastewater, the factories presently use tank vehicles to
transport the wastewater to a wastewater treatment plant in the south of Kuwait. 45
Factories pre-treat the wastewater in company-owned pre-treatment plants
More than 90 % of this wastewater originates form factories of the food and beverage
sector. Thus, the organic contaminants contained in the wastewater are very well
biodegradable. On the basis on the measured COD-concentration there is an annual
COD-freight of approx. 1.5 million kg per year. A total of 13 factories produce over 90 % of
the wastewater.
The wastewater analysis showed that the pollutant load is in a typical range. For some
factories low pH-values were measured so that in these factories a neutralisation of the
wastewater should take place prior to a further treatment. Occasionally, high
concentrations of solids as well as high COD values were measured. As already
described, it can be assumed the contaminants are well biodegradable so that a high
COD value is unproblematic with regard to a further wastewater treatment.
Only very low levels of heavy metal concentration were measured in wastewater relevant
factories of the textile and metal sector. It is very difficult and needs great effort to
separate these in a central biological treatment plant. Nevertheless, in future, these heavy
metals should be reduced in appropriate treatment stages directly within the factory
premises.
17
Based on current knowledge, it may be assumed that there is a wastewater volume of 1.6
million m³ annually that has an average COD-value of 950 g/m³. These data form the
basis for the further development of a wastewater disposal concept for the Sabhan
Industrial Zone. The final dimensioning, especially the wastewater volume should again
be checked and completed by further data (e. g. public buildings).
18
4 New concept of Wastewater disposal
4.1 Wastewater Quantity and Wastewater Load The concept development for the wastewater quantities and wastewater loads as
visualized in Annex 4 is based on the data collection carried out. In an analysis of the
status quo (see Report Status Quo), the wastewater quantities and the COD-loads have
been collected. The wastewater quantities and -loads, respectively, described as “after
Pretreatment” include the wastewater which the companies pre-treat decentrally and
which is discharged and should be treated subsequently.
There are data available for industrial companies derived from the documentation of the
status quo, the wastewater quantities of public buildings, however, as well as the sanitary
wastewater have been estimated on the basis of experience.
4.2 Wastewater-Collection-System
4.2.1 Excisting Sewer System The Sabhan Industrial Zone has a sewer system to discharge the sanitary wastewater via
gravity sewers. The diameters of the sewer are between 200 and 700 mm. A sewer with a
diameter of 700 mm and a gradient of 2,5 ‰ has a capacity of 459 l/s to 598 l/s,
depending on the roughness of the sewer. This means, the existing sewersystem is
designed for 1.652 m³ per hour to 2.153 m³ per hour.
The whole sewer system is converged at a central point (Annex 6: Plan of sewer system)
from where the sanitary wastewater is onward transported for further treatment.
Position, diameter and gradient of the existing sewage system have been taken from the
layout plans of the “Ministry of Public Work” (Scale 1:1.000)
Currently, the industrial wastewater is not conveyed to a sanitary wastewater system, but
is disposed of with tank lorries.
4.2.2 Future Discharge of Industrial Waste Water The objective of a future sewage water system is to discharge the industrial wastewater
like the sanitary wastewater through piping system, so that complex and cost-intensive
transport in tank lorries will no longer be necessary in future.
The dimensioning of the existing sewer system was examined and it was found that the
hydraulic load of this system is extremely low. On the basis of the present data it can be
19
assumed that both, the industrial and the sanitary wastewater, can be discharged together
over the existing gravity system.
The attached plan (Annex 6) shows the position of the discharge points for the 6
companies with the highest industrial wastewater quantities. This factories would be
connected to sewers with diameter between 250 and 600 mm.
Table 6: Capacity of existing Sewers and quanity of wastewater of the most relevant facto-ries
No. Factory Quantity of Wastewater
Diameter of Sewer
Graphity of Sewer
Capacity of Sewer (min/max)
m³/day mm ‰ m³/day*) m³/day*)
1 KDD 2.121 500 15 20.045 27.000
2 Pepsi 576 400 3,0 4.968 6.523
3 ABC 455 500 8,4 14.990 20.045
4 Petra 318 350 3,5 2.493 3.313
5 Kitco 161 250 10 2.605 3.547
6 Fico 121 600 6 20.520 27.173
Due to the small volume, all industrial companies can discharge their industrial
wastewater into the common connecting pipes of the sewer system together with the
sanitary wastewater.
Depending of the future location of the wastewater treatment plant still to be constructed,
the wastewater consisting of sanitary and industrial wastewater will have to be transported
from the present collecting shaft to the wastewater treatment plant by gravity or via a
pressure pipeline.
Option Gravity Pipes:
The existing collector pipe has a diameter of 700 mm. It can be assumed that the
transport of the wastewater to the wastewater treatment plant can be executed with a 700
mm diameter pipeline. As soon as the location of the wastewater treatment plant is
known, a final dimensioning can take place.
Option Penstock
In case the geodetic conditions do not allow for a discharge by gravity, the wastewater will
have to be pumped to the wastewater treatment plant. For this purpose, a pumping station
20
with 2 redundant wastewater pumps will be constructed. The pumps will be dry installed
and controlled by level control sensors.
The inside diameter of the penstock should be about 300 mm; the exact dimensions of the
penstock, however, can only be determined if the pipeline length is known. The lower limit
of the flow velocity should be at 1.0 m/s. A low flow velocity will lead to sediments and
reduce the cross section and thus increases the risk of clogging.
4.3 Industrial Pre-Treatment + Control
4.3.1 Industrial Pre-Treatment The duty of all industries is to pre-treat their wastewater according to the DWA Guidelines
in Annex 5.
All Parameters given in the DWA Guideline can be characterized specific for each
company.
The control of parameters might vary from industry to industry due to the feasibility, that
the certain parameter is affected by the production processes. Fat, for example, is a
relevant parameter for milk processing but not for the production of juices.
All industries are charged for the transportation and treatment of wastewater in the central
treatment plant:
Q [m³/h] and COD [mg/L] influence the costs of transportation and treatment
pH and Temperature are influenced in nearly all industries.
In the following table treatment for the certain industries are characterized as:
X: Obligatory for this type of industry 0: On Demand
21
Table 7: Pre-Treatment-Processes No. Factory sector products
Scre
en
Neu
traliz
atio
n
Prec
ipita
tion
Floc
cula
tion
Flot
atio
n
Sedi
men
tatio
n
Mem
bran
e Fi
ltr.
1 KDD Food and beverage
milk, juice, ice-cream x x x x x
2 Pepsi Food and beverage
soft drinks, bottle water, juices
x x 3 ABC Food and
beverage drinks, dairy x x x x x
4 Petra Food and beverage
dairy, cheese, ice cream, juice, drinks, bakery
x x x x x 5 Kitco Food and
beverage potato chips x x x x x
6 Fico Food and beverage
Corn and pota-to chips x x x x x
7 Alu-Company
Metal Aluminum x x o o o 8 Alsayer for
Beverage Food and beverage
Carbonated Drinks, Water, Juice
x x 9 Carpet-
Company Textile Carpets x x o o o
10 Kuwait flour miles and bakeries
Food and beverage
Many types of Bread and Pastries x x
11 National canned food production
Food and beverage
Tomato paste, Vinegar, Water x x x x x
12 Carpet Industries
Textile Carpets x x 13 Sara cakes Food and
beverage Cakes, Pas-tries, Bread, Sandwiches, Cookies
x x x x x
As all industries have to screen their wastewater and as all of them have to measure and
record the flow [m³/h], COD [mg/L] and pH minimum (see Monitoring).
It is highly recommended to lift the wastewater overground for the pre-
treatment/monitoring before discharging into the sewer.
A simple screening, monitoring and neutralization could work like sketched below. It can
be realized for low costs.
The only “product” of this pre-treatment to be disposed is the screenings which normally
can be disposed with normal carbage.
22
1. Screening and Neutralization
Figure 9: Process of Screening and neutralization
More sophisticated but also a wide spread pre-treatment procedure is Precipita-
tion+Flocculation+Flotation – additionally to Screeniung+Neutralitzation.
2. Screening, Neutralization and Flotation:
Figure 10: Process of Screening, Neutralization and Flotaion
Q pH CO
D
Q pH CO
D
23
The additional “products” of this pre-treatment are organics, often fat, that must be dis-
posed, burned or preferably used to produce biogas in a centralized- or decentralized bio-
gas plant.
It might be necessary to add some units for separation of settleable solids or for precipita-
tion of heavy metals – but most cases of pre-treatment are shown in the above given fig-
ures.
The costly and space intensive biological treatment – which is necessary to finalize the
wastewater treatment before reuse or discharge – is done in the central wastewater
treatment plant.
4.3.2 Industrial Control The monitoring of the single industries is suggested to have 4 main pillars:
1. Equipment: A suitable pre-treatment equipment is installed and working. The op-
erator of the central treatment plant must check that the pre-treatment plant in-
stalled in the single industries can achieve the requested restrictions and that it
can do it safe.
2. Documentation of waste disposal: The operator of the central treatment plant can
supervise the proper operation of the decentralized pre-treatment by checking the
waste disposal documentation.
3. Sampling: A qualified sampling and analysis of all relevant parameters must be
possible any time. This sampling shows the function or malfunction of the pre-
treatment and the accuracy of the electronic controlled and monitored values.
4. Electronic Control: To control the load to the central treatment plant (m³/day and
kg(COD)/day) as well as pH in the effluents we recommend an electronic data
measurement and transfer for the parameters COD, Q and pH.
By this and by using an evaluation program the fees for use of the central treat-
ment plant can be determinate and accidents and malfunctions can be detected to
protect the central treatment plant and ensure the final effluent quality.
24
Table 8: Devices and Control&Monitoring Devices necessary for the Industrial Pre-Treatment
Minimal required equipment
*) Costs exemplary estimated for 25m³/hour respectivly 600 m³/day as a maximum flow.
Devices for pre-treatment Type/ Specification Estimated
costs*)
Pump station, max 25m³/h Redundant, 2 Pumps 2000 KD
Screen, 2 mm, stainless steel
with automatic cleaning
Drum Screen, 2 mm, stainless
steel
5000 KD
Balancing and Neutralization
Tank with mixing + sampling
equipment
Stainless steel or plastic, appr.
1000 Liters , Retention Time ~ 2
min
2000 KD
Precipitation device Diaphragm pump 2500 KD
Neutralization device, acid Diaphragm pump 2500 KD
Neutralization device, alkaline Diaphragm pump 2500 KD
Flocculation Reactor, slowly
mixed
Stainless steel or plastic, appr.
2000 L, RT appr. 4 min, , Mixer
l.t. 60/min
2500 KD
Polymer Station Incl. Dosing pump, prop. to flow 2500 KD
Flotation (DAF) Stainless Steel, 4-6 bar 15.000 KD
Control & Monitoring Devices Type/Specification Estimated
costs
Level Control Pressure Sensor, En-
dress+Hauser or equal
800 KD
Flow Control Inductive-magnetic, En-
dress+Hauser or equal
1000 KD
PH Control Electrode, Endress+Hauser or
equal
800 KD
COD/TOC Control Chemical Analyzer, En-
dress+Hauser or equal
8500 KD
Data acquisition and data
transmission
Siemens or other
25
Referring to pillar 3: Sampling and Analysis can be interpreted according to approved
manners like “4 of 5” f.e. (If 1 sample of 5 exceeds the limit not more than 30% and if the
average value of 5 samples meets the limits no restriction is necessary)
Referring to pillar 4: For smaller industries the pillar no. 4 can be omitted
Figure 11: Industrial controlling System
Q pH CO
D
4
3
26
4.4 Central Treatment Concept
4.4.1 Basics for the Plant concept The plant is to be designed for the treatment of industrial wastewater additional some mu-
nicipal wastewater.
The industrial wastewater will reach the plant pre-treated according to the given regula-
tions of the industrial zone of Sabhan.
The municipal wastewater is not treated when reaching the plant.
Sand, Grids and also fat can be contained by municipal discharge and/or in case of mal-
function of the single industries pre-treatment plants.
The feed to the plant is collected in pump station of sufficient capacity. This allows the
load by gravity lines (sewer), smaller pump stations (penstock) and (for interim or repair
cases) by tanker.
The plant shall be based on a modular system, which requires all vital functions to be re-
dundant and an easily extendable concept.
It comprises of pre-treatment units, biological units with biomass retention and sludge de-
watering units.
Optionally a disinfection unit is required, depending on the use or discharge of treated
water
Optionally a biogas-plant can be taken into consideration as a centralized system to take
all the primary sludge from industries of industrial zone of Sabhan
The processes involved are described in general in this document.
4.4.2 Process scheme The below scheme shows the principles underlying the wastewater treatment processes.
The scheme is not necessarily complete and some details might deviate depending on the
concept of the contractor.
The descriptions of individual treatment stages provided below are of a general nature.
Details on equipment are provided in the tender documents.
The footprint of the taste water treatment plant depends on the offered technical concept.
The footprint of the described process will be about 5.000 m².
27
Figure 12: Process scheme
28
4.4.3 Process description
4.4.3.1 Inlet pump station Wastewater usually falls freely or otherwise via a pressurized pipeline into a pump sump.
In case of repair or maintenance or as an interim solution the feed by Tankers should be
possible.
The raw wastewater pump system usually has a redundant design in order to rule out
back pressure to the greatest possible extent (refer to the performance specifications).
The pumps are controlled via the filling level in the pump sump.
4.4.3.2 Pre-Treatment Screen unit
Coarse substances washed into the wastewater inlet are intercepted by a screen unit.
This avoids depositions and, in particular, system and pump blockages, thus raising the
operational reliability of downstream cleaning stages and lowering the rate of wear of
downstream pumps. The screen’s mesh size is always adapted to the composition of the
wastewater needing treatment.
Sand trap
Sand and other heavy substances lead to unwanted depositions in subsequent treatment
stages and increase pump wear. To avoid this, these substances are separated by an
automatic sand trap preceding the treatment stages.
Fat separation
Free floating fats, oils and other light substances can cause blockages and sticking in
subsequent treatment stages. Fats can also cause notable damage to biological treatment
stages. To minimize the overall system's maintenance and repair costs and promote func-
tional stability, fats are therefore retained automatically.
4.4.3.3 Mixing and balancing A wastewater treatment system's mixing and compensation reactor performs essential
biological functions which are often underestimated.
It balances wastewater flow, ensuring regular input quantities to and constant
dwell times in the biological treatment phase. This improves and stabilizes the
functionality of the biological and subsequent treatment phases.
It balances the load distribution, ensuring operation of a constant intensity in the
biological phase. Biological processes, in particular, are much better and effective
at a static rate free of large fluctuations.
Ventilation and mixing equipment in the biological phase are also subjected to a
more even load, thus reducing their rate of wear.
The reactor pre-decomposes the organic load by means of separate, fine-bubble
ventilation. By contributing actively to the cleaning process, the reactor thus re-
lieves the biological stage.
It dilutes toxic substances (oils, bactericides) and neutralizes short-term acid and
alkali surges.
The reactor performs an important protective function. In the manual or semi-
automatic mode, the reactor can even provide the biological stage with "intelligent"
protection by insulating the stage from toxic water.
4.4.3.4 Biological treatment The biological reactor cleans dissolved organic impurities (measured as CSB or BSB5) in
an activated-sludge process. Intensive ventilation takes place here. Supplied with oxygen,
microorganisms (= activated sludge) use their metabolism to respire the carbon com-
pounds dissolved in the effluent. Due to high Energy Efficiency the oxygen necessary for
this is supplied to the water by fine air bubbles.
For the biological degradation several processes are common and state of the art: acti-
vated sludge processes and fixed bed processes and moving or fluidized bed processes,
height sludge age to prevent stench and for stabilization.
29
4.4.3.5 Secondary clarification The biological reactor's outflow still contains activated sludge, i.e. bacteria. To return it to
the biological phase, this activated sludge is separated from the water in a secondary clar-
ification phase. This is done either by sedimentation, flotation or membrane filtration – or a
combination of these processes jut targeting to get the best results.
The necessary sludge return ensures a constant availability of sufficient biomass for de-
composing dissolved carbon compounds in the biological treatment phase.
4.4.3.6 Sludge treatment By Reproduction of microorganisms and bacteria caused by the degradation of substrate,
in every wastewater treatment plant occur the excess of biomass, so called excess-
sludge.
A lot of water is transported if this sludge is disposed as wet sludge (dry weight up to 2%).
By using a sludge dewatering system, this sludge can be disposed with a higher dry
weight, so that at the same amount of biomass the absolute amount of disposals is up to
90% lower.
Different techniques are used for dewatering of sludge, but in some way they are all
based on the same functional principle. By mixing the excess-sludge with coagulants, the
partition of solids and water is improved precisely. Afterwards, the conglomerate of water
and sludge is pressed against a screen or filter surface. The water (filtrate) passes this
screen or filter and gets back to the inflow of the wastewater treatment plant. The sludge
remains on the screen/filter area and is disposed in agriculture or on other ways.
4.4.3.7 Options
4.4.3.7.1 Option 1: Disinfection In case of reuse and especially in case the reuse involves possible contact by human a
disinfection of the effluent is necessary: Chlorination and UV Disinfection are most com-
mon techniques.
4.4.3.7.2 Option 2: Biogas Plant Simple disposal of primary sludge is not state of environmental behaviour. It contains or-
ganic matter, can cause stench.
Incineration in incinerators or in the ovens of cement industries are better alternatives,
especially if the energy can be used instead of wasted.
30
The installation of a biogas plant in combination with a power station could supply at least
electric energy for the wastewater treatment (blowers).
In all situations it might be considered, that same of the connected industries in Sabhan
also need a solution for disposal of their primary sludge from pre-treatment. An installation
nearby the central wastewater treatment plant could bear synergistic effects to all sides
benefit.
4.5 Disposal of the produced sludge Both, the decentralized pre-treatment in the companies and the central wastewater
treatment in a treatment plant produce sludge of different quality.
As already explained, the high odour load and the partly increased pollutant content do
not allow for the use of the primary sludge from the pre-treatment as a fertilizer for
example. This sludge can, however, feed a biogas plant. In the biogas plant the organic
substances - especially greases - are transformed into biogas. This biogas can
subsequently be used to produce electric and thermal energy in a CHP. Alternatively, the
primary sludge can be thermally recycled.
The biological sludge resulting from the central wastewater treatment (Secondary sludge)
still contains a relevant quantity of nitrogen and phosphorous. The pollutant content is
normally comparatively low so that this sludge can be used as fertilizer after dewatering.
Alternatively, the secondary sludge can also be conveyed to an incineration plant.
4.6 Reuse of Water Most of the companies in the Sabhan Industrial Zone are companies active in the food
industry. The requirements with regard to the quality of the fresh water used in this kind of
companies is very high. As a consequence, the treated wastewater can only be used after
a complex and comprehensive processing including a disinfection stage. In addition, a
broad range of monitoring systems would have to be installed and operated. A reuse of
the cleaned wastewater within the production process therefore does not seem to be
reasonable. Where appropriate, decentralised solutions can be implemented in individual
companies. 31
The wastewater cleaned in the central wastewater treatment plant described many,
however, be used for irrigation purposes.
4.7 Monitoring Concept (Guidelines for Monitoring) The duty of all Industries is to pre-treat their wastewater according to the DWA Guidelines
in Annex 5. All Parameters given in the DWA Guideline can be characterized specific for
each Company.
The control of parameters might vary from industry to industry due to the feasibility, that
the certain parameter is affected by the production processes. Fat, for example, is a rele-
vant parameter for milk processing but not for the production of juices.
All industries are charged for the transportation and treatment of wastewater in the central
treatment plant:
Q [m³/h] and COD [mg/L] influence the costs of transportation and treatment
PH and Temperature are influenced in nearly all Industries.
C: Controlled by continuous measurement - should be transmitted to a central control
point (EPA) and recorded. A program can evaluate the costs (RED Parameters)
and/or Penalties.
S4: Controlled by qualified sampling and analysis 4 times a year. 4 samples should be
taken randomly over the year. The control / monitoring can be triggered and even
stopped, depending on the results.
E: Estimated by experience
RED: Parameter to calculate the cost for transport and treatment
GREEN: Control parameters, limited
HM* = Heavy Metal (e.g. Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Chrome VI, Copper, Nickel,
Zinc, Tin, Thallium, Cobalt, Silver)
32
Table 9: Monitoring Concept
QC
OD
pH
TC
on
d.
FO
GA
OX
Su
lfid
eH
M*
Ad
dit
ion
al
1K
DD
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
milk
, ju
ice, ic
e-
cre
am
CC
CC
CC
--
--
2P
ep
si
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
soft
drinks
, bottle
wate
r,
juic
es
CC
CC
C-
--
--
3A
BC
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
drinks
, dairy
CC
CC
CC
--
--
4P
etr
aF
oo
d a
nd
b
eve
rag
edairy, cheese,
ice c
ream
, ju
ice, drinks
, bake
ry
CC
CC
CC
--
--
5K
itco
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
pota
to c
hip
sC
CC
CC
C-
--
-
6F
ico
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
Corn
and
pota
to c
hip
sC
CC
CC
C-
--
-
7A
lu-C
om
pa
ny
Me
tal
Alu
min
um
CC
CC
CC
S4
S4
S4
Iro
n,
Alu
min
um
, Flo
rid
e,
tota
l H
C8
Als
aye
r fo
r B
eve
rag
eF
oo
d a
nd
b
eve
rag
eC
arb
onate
d
Drinks
, W
ate
r,
Juic
eC
CC
CC
--
--
-
9C
arp
et-
Co
mp
an
yT
ext
ile
Carp
ets
CC
CC
C-
S4
S4
S4
Su
lfit
e
10
Ku
wa
it flo
ur
mile
s a
nd
b
ake
rie
s
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
Many types o
f B
read a
nd
Pastr
ies
CC
CC
CC
--
--
11
Na
tio
na
l ca
nn
ed
fo
od
p
rod
uctio
n
Fo
od
an
d
be
vera
ge
Tom
ato
paste
, V
inegar,
Wate
rC
CC
CC
C-
--
-
12
Ca
rpe
t In
du
str
ies
Te
xtile
Carp
ets
CC
CC
C-
S4
S4
S4
Su
lfit
e
13
Sa
ra c
ake
sF
oo
d a
nd
b
eve
rag
eC
ake
s,
Pastr
ies,
Bre
ad,
Sandw
iches,
Cooki
es
CC
CC
CC
--
--
14
Do
me
stic
EE
--
--
--
--
No
.Fa
cto
rys
ec
tor
pro
du
cts
Co
ntr
ol P
ara
me
ters
33
4.8 Financial Evaluation To clean polluted water up to a quality allowing a discharge into nature or even use or
reuse causes costs that must be shared fair between the different users and polluters.
For the “Users” in Sabhan Area a pre-treatment is obligatory and the parameters for cer-
tain substances or ingredients are limited before discharging the water into the common
responsibility.
The common responsibility covers transportation and cleaning of the water and the there-
fore necessary costs.
It depends on the “community” how to share the costs between the single users.
Principally CAPEX – capital expenditures – and OPEX – operation expenditures can be
distinguished:
CAPEX can be apportioned at the beginning between the participants or, according to
different recovery periods, charged per unit (m³, kg, number etc.)
OPEX should principally be portioned per unit.
The capital necessary to finance can be sectioned into expanses for:
Sewer and Pump lines for transportation
Property
Civil works for WWTP
Mechanical & electric works, engineering for the WWTP
The influencing parameters for the operation of a wastewater transportation system and
a wastewater treatment plant are:
Energy
Personnel
Analysis
Disposal
Chemicals
Maintenance and repair
Administration
A mostly fair portioning of these costs top the single users is suggested. It must be high-
lighted that INFA cannot take any responsibility for the economical accuracy.
34
The suggested calculation can be based on the following data*:
estim. Qd 1.752.000 m³/year
estim. Fright 2.190.000 kg/year
Energy 0,004 KD/kWh
Polymer 1,100 KD/kg
ES Disposal 5,000 KD/m³
PS Disposal 5,000 KD/m³
Operat&Lab 45.000 KD/year
Dom.WW** 35.040 m³(dom.)/year
The basis for costs has been taken as follows:
Transportation/Sewer 500.000 KD
Property 100.000 KD
Civil Works WWTP 800.000 KD Pre-Treatment incl.
Pumps 150.000 KD
MBR 90.000 KD
BIOLOGY 400.000 KD
Sedimentation 200.000 KD
Disinfection 40.000 KD
Sludge Dewatering 150.000 KD
Eng.+Assembly works 80.000 KD
*Data in yellow cells in Table 10 and 11 can be changed. The above mentioned data are
according to
Based on a first calculation matrix given in Table 10 to 12, 2 Financial Models can be de-
rived:
35
M1: In case the initial financing will be done separately according to the yearly ca-pacity in m³/year and kg(COD)/year, the costs for operation would additionally be charged per unit:
Individual investment = ……. m³/year x 0,834 KD + …… kg(COD) per year x 0,479 KD Costs per m³ = 0,060 KD/m³ + 0,050 KD/kg x …….kg(CSB)/m³
Example: Industrial Partner, 200.000m³/a, CODav=1800 mg/L 360.000 kg/a Investment participation: 200.000 x 0,834KD + 360.000 x 0,479KD =
166.800KD + 172.440KD = 339.240 KD
Costs per m³: 0,060KD/m³ + 0,050KD/kg x 1,8kg/m³ =
0,060KD/m³ + 0,090KD/m³
=0,150 KD/m³ (i.e. 30.000KD/a)
M2: In case the initial finance is also portioned to the units (m³, kg(COD)) according to different recovery periods, costs could be estimated to be as follows:
Costs per m³ = 0,127 KD + 0,094 KD x …….kg(CSB)/m³
Example: Industrial Partner, 200.000m³/a, CODav=1800 mg/L 360.000 kg/a Investment participation: = 0 KD Costs per m³: 0,127 KD/m³ + 0,094KD/kg x 1,8kg/m³ =
0,127KD/m³ + 0,169KD/m³
=0,296 KD/m³ (i.e. 59.200KD/a)
It must be said, that the given matrix and the assumptions can only be used to get an idea
about possible models. A better fitting one should be generated when the agreements and
decisions about the proceedings are made.
36
Table 10: Estmation of Costs
37
Table 11: Spezific Data for Costs
38
Table 12: Costs related to the different users
39
4.9 Scenario for the Extension of the Waste Water Treatment Plant
4.9.1 Scope of the Extension It is expected that further companies will settle in Sabhan Industrial Zone in the years
ahead. This additional production will lead to an increase of the waste water volume and
the polluting load. In response to this future development we drafted the following
scenario for the extension of the waste water treatment plant. Thereby it is generally
assumed that the presently estimated hydraulic as well as the COD-load (Annex4) will
increase by 50 %.
The extension of the plant does not affect the plant design as previously outlined, as the
process technology of the enlarged plant corresponds to the technology of the system
already designed.
The footprint of the extended Waste Water Treatment Plant will be about 7.500 m²-
4.9.2 Process description
4.9.2.1 Inlet-Pump-Station The pumping station is constructed such that a further pump identical in construction can
be installed in addition to the pumps already provided. The connections for the additional
pump will be provided for.
4.9.2.2 Pre-Treatment The concept drawn up provides for a two-line execution of the complete pre-treatment
consisting of screen unit, fat separator and sand trap. An additional third line
corresponding to the lines already existing in terms of size and equipment is part of the
extension concept.
4.9.2.3 Mixing and Balancing The concept aims to install a mixing and balancing reactor as a preliminary step upstream
the two-line activation. The extension concept includes a further mixing and balancing
reactor, however, with half the volume of the other reactor.
40
4.9.2.4 Biological Treatment and Sludge Retention According to the concept, the pre-treatment as the biological stage including the
secondary sedimentation are executed in two lines. That is why the extension concept
provides for an additional third line.
4.9.2.5 Sludge Treatment The concept allows for the possibility to retrofit a further aggregate including the
necessary installations for the sludge dewatering. The planning of the building already
considers the necessary space requirement.
4.9.2.6 Sludge Storage The ongoing operation will show if additional capacities for the sludge storage will be
necessary in the event of an extension of the plant. If necessary, further sludge storage
facilities will have to be retrofitted. The necessary space has to be taken into account
when designing the plant.
41
4.9.3 Scheme of the extended Waste Water Treatment Plant
Figure 13: Process scheme of the extended Plant
42
5 Sources and Citations Author: Title: DWA – Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasser,
Abwasser und Abfall
DWA-M 115-2: Guidelines for indirect
discharge, 2013
Environment public Authority Environmental Monitoring Information
System of Kuwait
Ministry of Electric and Water Consumption of Freshwater 2016/2017
Ministry of Public Work Roads and Drainage of Sabhan
Public Authority of Industry Industrial Guide, 2013
43
Annex
1. Questionnaire
44
45
46
2. Sheet for Samples and Analysis (Example)
47
3. Results of analysis
Date
Sub
mitt
edFa
ctor
y Na
me:
Indu
stri
al s
ecto
rTe
mpe
ratu
r in
°CpH
E.C.
in m
icro
S/cm
TSS
in m
g/l
COD
in m
g/l
PO4
in m
g/l
Floa
ting,
Em
ulsi
fies,
Gr
ease
in m
g/l
Lead
in μ
g/l
Cadm
ium
in
μg
/lCh
rom
ium
in
μg
/lCo
pper
in
μg/
lNi
ckel
in
μg/
lZi
nc i
n μ
g/l
19-J
une-
17P
etra
Food
and
bev
erag
e-
6,8
2025
-12
7924
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--
--
--
20-J
une-
17Fi
coFo
od a
nd b
ever
age
-6,
514
70-
757
16,8
--
--
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22-M
ai-1
7K
haza
nFo
od a
nd b
ever
age
26,5
6,3
1820
448
1566
10,2
23,6
--
--
--
22-M
ai-1
7A
BC
Food
and
bev
erag
e32
,76,
311
38-
132
0,1
2,8
--
--
--
22-M
ai-1
7K
itco
Food
and
bev
erag
e27
,86,
332
2830
823
120,
652
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--
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-
22-M
ai-1
7A
lbah
erC
hem
ical
39,4
6,2
1180
8815
60,
24,
8-
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--
-
22-M
ai-1
7C
arpe
t-com
pany
Text
ile35
,56,
219
4863
180
0,1
2,9
12,5
0,69
0,25
4,86
3,55
55,5
23-M
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nyM
etal
30,3
6,2
2102
305
2008
0,0
4,6
4,79
0,81
0,47
4,96
5,88
7,13
23-M
ai-1
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epsi
Food
and
bev
erag
e32
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2-
660
550
0,0
5,9
--
--
--
23-M
ai-1
7K
DD
Food
and
bev
erag
e36
,16,
216
5121
011
380,
33,
9-
--
--
-
23-M
ai-1
7A
mer
ican
aFo
od a
nd b
ever
age
30,1
6,2
1038
3136
011
062,
165
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--
--
-
23-M
ai-1
7G
TCC
hem
ical
31,0
6,2
-10
1848
0,1
24,5
--
--
--
25-M
ai-1
7A
lum
inum
and
cop
per c
ompa
nyM
etal
28,5
6,2
-18
530
4636
0,8
48,9
0,49
0,27
0,64
46,8
16,7
22,5
25-M
ai-1
7C
oca-
cola
Food
and
bev
erag
e34
,06,
2-
180
2324
0,6
8,8
--
--
--
25-M
ai-1
7S
ham
poo
fact
ory
Che
mic
al35
,56,
2-
1340
019
800,
437
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--
--
-
25-M
ai-1
7A
lsan
ea fo
r che
mic
al m
anuf
actu
ring
Che
mic
al26
,56,
2-
190
1528
0,0
3,8
--
--
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ai-1
7A
lsay
er fo
r bev
erag
esFo
od a
nd b
ever
age
32,3
7,9
216
137
473
0,7
2,0
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ai-1
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ikey
chi
psFo
od a
nd b
ever
age
32,7
6,2
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090
0,6
1,3
--
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une-
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uwai
t flo
ur m
ills
and
bake
ries
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and
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erag
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nal c
anne
d fo
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ctio
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uly-
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arpe
ts In
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ries
Co.
Text
ile-
9,0
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2-
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0,26
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8,92
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158
48
4. Quantity and Quality of Wastewater of Sabhan industrial Zone
49
5. DWA-Guidelines for indirect discharger
50
6. Plan of sewer-system
51
