Inter-Ethnic Crime Inter-Ethnic Crime Investigations in KosovoInvestigations in Kosovo

Ethnical Demography Ethnical Demography PristinaPristina

(Based on data from OSCE – January 2008)(Based on data from OSCE – January 2008) MUNICIPALITY

OFPODUJEVE/PODUJEVOPopulation : estimated 130.000 - 99 % Kos-AlbMinorities: Roma and Ashkali living mainly

in Podujevo city and around

MUNICIPALITY OF PRISHTINAPopulation : estimated 500.000 from which 475.OOO Kos-AMinorities: K-Serb 12500, Roma and Ashkali 4550, Bosniaks and Gorani 450

MUNICIPALITY OF OBILICPopulation : estimated 30.000 – 25.000 Kos-Alb,.Minorities : 3.400 Kos-S, 550 Roma, 300 Ashkali and 70 Bosniaks

MUNICIPALITY OF FUSHE KOSOVOPopulation : estimated 30.000 – 85 % Kos-AlbMinorities : Kos-S 2800, Ashkali 3800, Roma 600, Egyptians 200, Bosniaks 40, Gorani 30

MUNICIPALITY OF LIPJANPopulation : etimated 76.000 – 83 % Kos-AlbMinorities : 9500 Kos-S, 1500 Ashkali, 360 Croats, 330 Roma

MUNICIPALITY OF GLOGOC/GLOGOVAC

Population : estimated 73.000Minorities : None – mono-ethnic Kos-Alb community

Ethnical Demography Ethnical Demography Mitrovica/MitrovicëMitrovica/Mitrovicë

MUNICIPALITY OF LEPOSAVICPopulation : estimated 18600 of which 18000 SerbsMinorities : K-Alb 200, Bosniaks 240, 2500 IDP’s(internally displaced persons of which 230 Roma

MUNICIPALITY OF VUSHTRRIPopulation : estimated 102.600, Minorities : 4000 K-Serbs, other minorities Turks, Roma, Egyptians, Ashkali and Circassians

MUNICIPALITY OF ZUBIN POTOK

Population : estimated 14900 with K-Serb K-Serbs (14000)Minorities : 800 K-Alb, 229 Croatian refugies

MUNICIPALITY OF SKENDERAJ/SRBICA

Population : estimated 72.600 with K-Alb majorityMinorities : 350 K-Serbs, 50 Ashkali, 15 Bosniaks

MUNICIPALITY OF ZVECANPopulation : estimated 17.000 large majority of K-Serbs (16.000) 350 K-Alb mainly in Boletin, Lipje and ZhanzhaMinorities : 250 Croatians

M/UNICIPALITY OF MITROVICA/MITROVICE

Population : South : 110000 with K-A majority and other minority groupsNorth : appr. 20000 of which 17000 K-S Minorities :South : Turks, Roma, Egyptians, AshkaliNorth : about 3000 of all the different communities

Ethnical Demography Ethnical Demography PejaPeja

MUNICIPALITY DE ISTOGPopulation : estimated 56000Minorities : 1650 Bosniaks, 40 Roma and about 2220 Egyptians. About 800 Serbs are living in Crkolez , Osojan and Suvi Lukavac

MUNICIPALITY OF KLINA/KLINEPopulation : estimated 55000Minorities : Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, about 2000 in total. Between 200 and 400 K-S have returned to the region

MUNICIPALITY OF PEJA/PECPopulation : estimated 170.000 –K-Alb majorityMinorities : most K_Serbs are living in Gorazdevac (850) Bosniaks, Ashkali , Rolma and Egyptians living in rural areas

MUJICIPALITY DE DECANE/DECANI

Population : Estimated 40000 - K-Alb majorityMinorities : Egyptians, Roma and Bosniaks

MUNICIPALITY OF DJAKOVA/GJACOVICE

Population : estimated 150000 Minorities : 60 Bosniaks living in the town, Roma, Ashkali et Egysptians, about 8600

Ethnical Demography Ethnical Demography GjilanGjilan

MUNICIPALITY OF KAMENICE/KAMENICA

Population : estimated 63.000 – K-Alb 82 %Minorities : 17 % K-Serbs, 500 Roma

MUNICIPALITY OF VITI/VITINA

Population : estimated 60.000 of which 56400 K-AlbMinorities : 3300 K-Serbs, 60 Croatians and 20 Roma

MUNICIPALITY OF GJILAN/GJILANE

Population : Estimated 130.000 – K-Alb majorityMinorities : 11800 K-Serbs, 370 Roma, and a few hundred Turks

MUNICIPALITY OF NOVOBERDE/NOVOBRDOPopulation : estimated 3900 of which 61 % K-Alb and 31 % K-SerbsMinorities : Roma families living in Bostan village

Ethnic Demography Ethnic Demography PrizrenPrizren

MUNICIPALITY OF RAHIOVEC/ORAHOVAC

Population : estimated 73700 living mainly in rural areas and 23000 in town.Minorities : 550 Roma, 1300 K-Serbs

MUNICIPALITY OF MALISHEVE/MALISHEVO

Population : estimated 65.000 with a K-Alb majority (99%)Minorities : 65 Roma

MUNICIPALITY OF SUHA REKA/SUVA REKA

Population : estimated 80.000 majority of K-AlbMinorities :No K-Serbs, small community of Roma, 535 Ashkali

MUNICIPALITY OF PRIZRENPopulation : estimated 240.000 – K-Alb majorityMinorities : 22.000 Bosniaks, 9000 Turks, 5300 Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, 30 K-Serbs living in the town of Prizren and 166 in different villages

MUNICIPALITY OF DRAGASHPopulation : estimated 41.000 K-Alb majority (66 %)Minorities : 33 % Gorani/Bosniak living in the Gora region

Ethnic Demohraphy Ethnic Demohraphy Ferizaj/UrosevacFerizaj/Urosevac

MUNICIPALITY OF SHTIMEPopulation : estimated 29.000 – K-Alb majorityMinorities : small number of K-Serbs

MUNICIPALITY OF FERIZAJ/UROSEVAC

Population : estimated 170.000 with K-Alb majority (160.000)Minorities : K-Ashkali 3750, Roma 260, Gorani 230, Bosniak 68, K-Serbs 70 and Turks 40

MUNICIPALITY OF KACANIKPopulation : estimated 43.000 Minorities : Some Roma and K-Serbs

MUNICIPALITY OF STREPCEPopulation : estimated 13600 with K-Serb majority (9100) and 4500 K-Alb Minorities : 37 Roma

Hate Crime/ Inter-Ethnic Hate Crime/ Inter-Ethnic CrimeCrime

Inter-Ethnic crimes are a branch of Inter-Ethnic crimes are a branch of the wider category of the wider category of Hate-Hate-motivated crimesmotivated crimes

Definition Hate CrimeDefinition Hate Crime

““Any criminal offence, including offences Any criminal offence, including offences against persons or property, where the victim, against persons or property, where the victim, premises, or target of the offence appear to be premises, or target of the offence appear to be selected because of their selected because of their real or perceivedreal or perceived connection, attachment, affiliation, support or connection, attachment, affiliation, support or membership of a membership of a real or perceivedreal or perceived group group identified according to its race, national, ethnic identified according to its race, national, ethnic or social origin, association with a national or social origin, association with a national minority or with a political group, language, minority or with a political group, language, color, religion, sex, age, mental of physical color, religion, sex, age, mental of physical disability, sexual orientation or other similar disability, sexual orientation or other similar factor”factor”

Law based definition Law based definition Inter-Ethnic crimeInter-Ethnic crime

Any criminal offenceAny criminal offence (against persons or (against persons or property)property)

Where the victim, premises or target of the Where the victim, premises or target of the offenceoffence

AppearAppear to be selected to be selected Because of their Because of their real or perceivedreal or perceived connection connection

attachment, affiliation, support or membershipattachment, affiliation, support or membership Of a Of a real or perceivedreal or perceived group group Identified according to its Identified according to its race, ethnic origin, race, ethnic origin,

association with a national minorityassociation with a national minority

Legal ProvisionsLegal Provisions

Law on Jurisdiction, Case Selection Law on Jurisdiction, Case Selection and Case Allocationand Case Allocation

Art 3.4Art 3.4 Art 11.1Art 11.1

Based on these articles hate crimes Based on these articles hate crimes can be assigned to EULEX Judges can be assigned to EULEX Judges and Prosecutorsand Prosecutors

Legal ProvisionsLegal Provisions

Criminal Code of KosovoCriminal Code of Kosovo Art. 115Art. 115 Art. 116Art. 116 Art. 117Art. 117 Art. 147Art. 147 Art. 158Art. 158 Art. 260Art. 260

EULEX Inter-Ethnic EULEX Inter-Ethnic structurestructure

Crime Division

Strengthening Department

Operations BorderAdministration

Organised Criùme Inter-EthnicMajor Crime Criminal Analysis Forensics

Pristina (2)

Gjilane (2)

Prizren (2) Mitrovicë/Mitrovica (3)

Ferizaj/Urosevac (2)

Peja (2)

Tasks MonitorsTasks Monitors

All Police stationsAll Police stations Detecting PEMIsDetecting PEMIs Follow-up of PEMIs and Follow-up of PEMIs and

EMIsEMIs Reporting Reporting InterveneIntervene

UNMIK Definition UNMIK Definition PEMIPEMI

Vulnerable ethnic groupVulnerable ethnic group Offender unknown or from Offender unknown or from

different ethnic groupdifferent ethnic group Circumstances disclose no Circumstances disclose no

likely, ethnical-neutral motivelikely, ethnical-neutral motive

EULEX IE APPROACHEULEX IE APPROACH

DEFINITION PEMIDEFINITION PEMI

Every incident in which members of Every incident in which members of two or more ethnic groups are two or more ethnic groups are involved, offences with unknown involved, offences with unknown offender against persons or property offender against persons or property of minoritiesof minorities

EULEXEULEX - database- database

Victims StatisticsVictims Statistics

Victims according to their nationality during these years

Albanians 8 20 46 49 86 43 29 8 43

Serbs 4 32 119 74 407 121 165 54 33

Boshnjaks 1 4 6 9 21 30 4 0 3

Roma 0 3 11 3 33 27 0 0 2

Others 1 15 21 17 352 15 1 0 3

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Statistics - ProblemsStatistics - Problems

Type of penal acts per year

Vrasje 5 3 5 1 18 2 1 0 0

Sulm 3 22 53 43 34 57 24 12 32

Zjarvenje 0 5 2 7 495 13 0 0 0

Vjedhje 1 7 8 5 36 41 1 0 0

Demet Kriminale 1 16 59 48 127 37 17 6 21

Kanosje 0 14 42 48 72 0 13 4 8

Te tjera 4 6 25 0 97 60 6 2 7

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

PEMI versus EMIPEMI versus EMI

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

FromAugust2005

2006 2007 1st half of2008

Incidents affecting minority communities versus PEMI/EMI

Incidents

EMI/PEMI

# of cases according to victims # of cases according to victims ethnicityethnicity

57%29%

7%

0% 7%

K -Albanians K -Serbs K -BosniansK -Roma K -Others

EULEX StatisticsEULEX StatisticsJanuary till April 2009January till April 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Mitrovica

Peja

Prizren

Ferizaj

Gjilan

Prishtina

TOTAL

Statistics Statistics Mitrovica/MitrovicëMitrovica/Mitrovicë

January till April 2009January till April 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Mitrovica

Mitrovica

Kosovo Police Kosovo Police EvaluationEvaluation

IE crimes are dealt with in the same IE crimes are dealt with in the same way as any other crimeway as any other crime

No specific structure or assigned No specific structure or assigned officersofficers

Investigations are generally well Investigations are generally well conductedconducted

Problem : no cooperation of populationProblem : no cooperation of population Recognizing of IE Crimes/recording as Recognizing of IE Crimes/recording as

suchsuch UnderreportingUnderreporting

RESPECTED RESPECTED AUDIENCE!AUDIENCE!

Questions ?Questions ?