Panel 6: Public spaces as a key to urban regeneration POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS Moderator: Naima Lahbil Tagemouati (Morocco), International consultant in cultural heritage and sustainable urban development Speakers: - Paolo Ceccarelli (Italy), Chairholder, UNESCO Chair in “Urban and RegionalPlanning for Local Sustainable Development”, University of Ferrara - Zhenshan Zhang (China), Habitat Programme Manager, UN-Habitat Beijing - Jeffrey Soule (United States of America), Director of Outreach and International Programs, American Planning Association - Richard Hsu (China), Adjunct Professor, Tongji University’s School of Design and Innovation, TEDx Ambassador to China, Founder of Pan-Asia Network - Alexei Muratov (Russian Federation), Partner, Head of Strategies and Territorial Development, STRELKA KB INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China 10-12 December 2015
Transcript
Panel 6: Public spaces as a key to urban regeneration
POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS
Moderator: Naima Lahbil Tagemouati (Morocco), International consultant in cultural heritage and sustainable urban development
Speakers: - Paolo Ceccarelli (Italy), Chairholder, UNESCO Chair in “Urban and RegionalPlanning for Local Sustainable Development”, University of Ferrara - Zhenshan Zhang (China), Habitat Programme Manager, UN-Habitat Beijing - Jeffrey Soule (United States of America), Director of Outreach and International Programs, American Planning Association - Richard Hsu (China), Adjunct Professor, Tongji University’s School of Design and Innovation, TEDx Ambassador to China, Founder of Pan-Asia
Network - Alexei Muratov (Russian Federation), Partner, Head of Strategies and Territorial Development, STRELKA KB
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
CULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
10-12 December 2015
PUBLIC SPACES REQUIRE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION TO
PRODUCE SOMETHING POSITIVE International Conference on “Culture for Sustainable Cities”
Hangzhou, December 10-12, 2015
PANEL 6PUBLIC SPACES AS A KEY TO URBAN REGENERATION
PAOLO CECCARELLI UNESCO Chair
Urban and Regional Planning for Sustainable Development University of Ferrara
PUBLIC SPACES ARE NOT ALL THE SAME
THERE ARE VERY CROWDED URBAN PUBLIC SPACES
WHERE REVOLUTIONS CAN START
BANGKOK
CAIROMEXICO
HONGKONG
THERE ARE PUBLIC URBAN SPACES WHERE PEOPLE CROWD TO ENJOY
THEMSELVES
S
TRINIDADCARNIVAL
SIENA
THEREAREPUBLICURBANPLACESWHEREPEOPLEARENOTWELCOME
STOCKHOLM
NAYPYIDAW
CANBERRA
LADEFENSE,PARIS
THERE ARE PRIVATE SPACES THAT ARE MORE PUBLIC THAN THE PUBLIC ONES
PASSAGES, PARIS
QUINCY MARKET
POCKEFELLERCENTER,N.Y.
ROCKEFELLER CENTER
DARLING HARBOUR
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT URBAN SPACES WE HAVE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
THESE DIFFERENCES AND WHAT THEY MEAN FOR URBAN REGENERATION
4 CASES FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD
LIZHIWAN BROOK!LIWAN, GUANGZHOU!
PRC!
!
NUOVA DARSENA !& MERCATO METROPOLITANO!
MILANO!ITALY!
PLAZA SAN FRANCISCO !CUENCA!
ECUADOR!
Ecuador: Defensa de la Plaza de San Francisco de Cuenca 31 julio, 2013
Cuenca, 11 de Julio del 2013
Señor Doctor
Paúl Granda López
ALCALDE DE LA CIUDAD DE CUENCA
Ciudad.-
Señor Alcalde y Señores Concejales: Luego de haber conocido y analizado la más reciente propuesta municipal de intervención en la Plaza de Francisco, ICOMOS del Ecuador, organismo de la UNESCO dedicado al estudio, la documentación y protección de sitios patrimoniales, presenta a Usted y al Concejo Cantonal de Cuenca las reflexiones y observaciones realizadas a dicha propuesta. 1. Conviene tener presente que el Patrimonio Cultural debe ser comprendido a través de una visión holística y no como la suma de sus partes; al ser una construcción social, éste se comporta como una unidad y es esta unidad la que determina el funcionamiento o comportamiento de sus partes. De allí la importancia de tener claro el concepto de plaza y la relación con los usos históricos que en estos espacios se desarrollan. El tratamiento patrimonial a la Plaza de San Francisco, está íntimamente ligado a la interdependencia formal, funcional, social e inmaterial de sus componentes y no a la sumatoria de ellos. Son precisamente esas relaciones e interdependencias las que posibilitan la continuación de valores patrimoniales, generan nuevas construcciones sociales que refuerzan, diluyen o hacen desaparecer el espíritu patrimonial de este espacio tan simbólico para los cuencanos y de gran valor patrimonial para la ciudad.
2. La intervención en la Plaza de San Francisco anunciada por la I. Municipalidad es, fuera de toda duda, obra necesaria, imperativa, impostergable; la dignidad de la Ciudad y la degradación de que ha sido objeto este espacio público, especialmente en las últimas décadas, lo exigen.
United Nations Humans Settlements Program / www.unhabitat.org
Overview
• SDGs on Public Space
• What Do We Know about Public Space
• The Functions of Public Space
• Approaches of Development Public Space
• Key Drivers for Action
OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO
Goal 11: “make cities and
human settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient, and sustainable”
Target 7: “by 2030, provide universal
access to safe, inclusive and
accessible, green and public spaces,
particularly for women and children,
older persons and persons with
disabilities”
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(2015 – 2030)
What are Public Spaces
• “Public spaces are all places publicly owned or of public use, accessible and enjoyable by all for free and without a profit motive”
• Public space takes many spatial forms, including parks, the streets, sidewalks and footpaths that connect, playgrounds of recreation, marketplaces, but also edge space between buildings or roadsides which are often important spaces for the urban poor and in many contexts beaches are also public spaces. This does not mean that all public spaces are “open spaces” – a library, a school or other public facilities are also public spaces
The Functions of Public Spaces
• The character of a city is defined by its streets and
public spaces
• Public space generates equality
• Well-designed and maintained public spaces lower
rates of crime and violence
• Tackle inequality through the provision of inclusive,
• Culture diversity reflected in the development of
public spaces
THE TRADITIONAL PLANNING PROCESS
Buildings
Traffic
Life ?
? .
Source: Gehl Architects
Buildings Life
Space
.
Source: Gehl Architects
PEOPLE FIRST
Public Space project
Local government
Community organizations
& NGOs
Business community
Urban Planners & Designers
Media
Academia
Participatory approaches to public space
10
Culture diversity reflected in the development of public spaces • Culture and public space are two innovative and complementary issues in the new urban agenda
• Promote cultural approaches to public spaces within urban development strategies
• Improving the quality of public space through valorization of cultural and heritage values
• Promoting historic areas as examples of dense, compact and mixed-used public space
• Fostering the diversity of cultural expressions and creativity on public space
• Facilitating traditional practices on public space, to foster humanized urban environments that
Broad thoughts on the Comprehensive Planning and Managing the Public Realm Jeffrey Soule, FAICP
AN URGENT ISSUE Asia alone will add 800,000,000 Urban residents over the next 15 years Global Forces Demand Comprehensive Planning
• What is “Sustainable”? • What do traditional patterns tell us? • Development requires a strategy, a plan and implementation • The public realm is a long term effort • Public education and
engagement on cultural and natural conservation
Great Places in America
APA’s Great Places in America Program
Great Public Spaces - Engagement
APA’s Great Places in America Program
Placemaking and Historical Context
APA’s Great Places in America Program
SUSTAINING PLACES: BEST PRACTICES FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANS
REQUIRED PRINCIPLES The six principles that must be recognized in the plan were derived from a review of leading comprehensive plans by the APA Sustaining Places Task Force. As outlined in Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan (Godschalk and Anderson 2012), the principles are the following: Livable Built Environment Harmony with Nature Resilient Economy Interwoven Equity Healthy Community Responsible Regionalism
REQUIRED PROCESSES The following two processes for involving the public and for carrying out plan objectives and proposals are key requirements for developing and implementing comprehensive plans for sustaining places: Authentic Participation Accountable Implementation REQUIRED ATTRIBUTES To be effective, plans must be coherent and well presented, while articulating persuasive visions and clearly communicating goals and ideas. The following two attributes embody these traits: Consistent Content Coordinated Characteristics
SUSTAINING PLACES: BEST PRACTICES FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANS Values driven: The plan addresses the issues and manifests the values expressed by the community. • Collaborative: The planning process meaningfully engages citizens, organizations, businesses, and other community stakeholders. • Thematic based: The plan is organized into cross-cutting themes rather than discrete elements. • Linking process and outcome: The plan connects community values to a clearly defined action agenda. • Regional in focus: The plan addresses issues that are regional in scope. • Beyond paper: The plan uses digital technology, visualizations, and other techniques that transcend the traditional limitations of written documents.
The historic urban landscape approach 1. Assess natural, cultural and human resources; 2. Engage the community and stakeholders consultations; Cultural mapping 3. Determine vulnerability of urban heritage to socio-economic pressures 4. Integrate urban heritage values and their vulnerability concerns into a city wide plan and regulations framework 5. Prioritize policies and actions for conservation and development, 6. Establish the appropriate partnerships and local management frameworks; 7. Coordinate the activities among different actors.
OAS Study Historic cities’ sustainable characteristics Identify transferable elements esp. walkability Suggest a planning, regulatory and incentive framework to use those elements in development and redevelopment Go beyond traditional “preservation” idea to the HUL Approach
Importance of a strong Management framework
• Comprehensive plan • Capital improvement
plan establishes the infrastructure to direct development
• Identify neighborhoods with distinct character
• Establish Design guidelines based on district characteristics
Design Guidelines • Strengthen the city’s
character • Helps implement the
civic vision and plan • Encourage new
development that adds value to the city
• Establishes a process and criteria for review
• Essential for success
Green Infrastructure New York, Chicago, Philadelphia Funding for bioswales Green band between street –
sidewalk Averts costly combined sewer work Infiltrates water Quells urban heat island Street pattern and amenities
• The best trip is the one not taken • Integrating land use
and transportation • Complete street
concept • Mixed uses • Density
Land Use, Density and Transportation
Focus on Urban Patterns • Reduce transportation
through land use • Enhance Cultural
Identity vs. globalization • Unique resources in
every city • Compact settlements
improve quality of life • Density provides cost
savings in services • A relationship to Place
• Regularly updated plan that is tied to the budget
• Civic engagement—a “planning culture”
• Use the Sustaining Places Guide • Regulatory tools and incentives:
– Building codes that are energy efficient – Focus on redevelopment and infill – Urban Design Guidelines – Capital improvement plan – Financial incentives and Disincentives
Basic Framework for Success
More Framework • Youth participation
through activity • Historic Preservation
Districts/Overlays • Environmental standards • Energy standards • Disaster resilience and
safety • Water management and
Green Infrastructure • Climate Action Plan
Recommendations • Use the HUL approach in
planning and strategy • Develop Collaborative
Framework for Implementation
• Link heritage and urban form to development objectives and capital budget
• Benchmark goals and objectives—measure and report results
• Emphasize economic and job benefits of sustainability measures
• Emphasize the importance of settlement patterns in energy saving
• Reuse buildings and infill vacant land
• Provide incentives for residents and businesses
• Examine the lessons from historic cities
• Elevate the global dialogue on culture, planning, and design
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STRELKA КБ KBPUBLIC SPACE REVITALIZATION AND THE HISTORICAL URBAN LANDSCAPEHANGZHOU 2015
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REVOLUTION IN CITYSCAPE: FROM SEPARATE LOCI TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT
City of houses
City of streets
Segregation of functions
Mixed-used development
URBANISM OF THE XX CENTURY
URBANISM OFTHE XXI CENTURY
A pleasant urban environment is a key factor in the sustainable development of a city. It can attract tourists, new businesses, and qualified professionals
City for cars
City of people
Repetitive architecture
Architectural variety
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THE ‘ROUTES’ MODEL THE ‘ENVIRONMENT’ MODEL
SIGHTS
Linear sequence of sights The historic city and its sights
TARGET AUDIENCE
Tourist groups Tourist groups and independent tourists
ITINERARY
Strictly defined Flexible
TOURIST SPENDING
Primarily at tourist attractions Diverse, benefiting local business
А SHIFT IN TOURISM: FROM ROUTES TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT
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THE ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF PUBLIC SPACE REVITALIZATION
The rise in property prices along the newly pedestrianized embankment in Arhus, Denmark4
1. 10 Benefits of Creating Good Public Spaces. Project for public spaces.2. Historical Cities of the Moscow Region: Preservation and Development, 2012. 3. The Economic Benefits of Sustainable Streets. New York City Depatment of Transportation, 2013.4. 10 Benefits of Creating Good Public Spaces. Project for public spaces.
The drop in vacancy rate after a failed pedestrian mall was turned back into a street inOak Park, Illinois (the vacancy rate fell from 30% to 5%)1
The increase in combined sales in Willoughby Plaza, New York, three years after it was redesigned3
The growth in footfall on Brighton’s New Road after a pedestrian zone was created2
$ 223,3
$ 93,1
$ 184,6$ 215,5
$ 189,8
$ 292
$ 356,1
$ 250
15 %
$ 350
$ 40025 %
$ 100
$ 200
10 %
$ 300 20 %
$ 50
$ 150
Moscow New York London Copenhagen Toronto Melburn Buenos Aires
5 %
ANNUAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC SPACE REVITALIZATION PER CAPITA
THE EFFECTS OF BETTER STREETS AND PUBLIC SPACES
25 %
� 6
47 %
� 5 City budget for public space revitalization
per capita ($) Share of the city budget set aside for public space
revitalization (%)
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THE REDEVELOPING PUBLIC SPACES IN CIS CITIES
The Zarkaynar street redevelopment project in the old town of Tashkent, Uzbekistan (2015)
Kaban Lake Perspective, Kazan, Russia. The winning International competition project, designed by Turenscape + MAP architects (2015)
Urban Project, Lviv, Ukraine, by GIZ (2015) Telavi, the administrative capital of Kakheti, Georgia, 2012
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THE REDEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SPACES IN MOSCOW
Krymskaya Embankment, Wowhaus, 2013 Pushechnaya Street, Strelka KB in collaboration with Martha Schwartz Partners, 2015
Triumfalnaya Square, Buromoscow, 2015 Neglinnaya street, Strelka KB in collaboration with Martha Schwartz Partners , 2015
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3,685 MOSCOW STREETS
Manhattan5,880 ha
Paris 10,540 ha
Amsterdam 21,940 ha
Rome 15,000 ha
2,2
0,9
10 %
1
0,5
1,2
of the Mocow city annual budget
NASA Mars Science Labora-tory (Curiosity Rover)
10
15,000
10 Moscow City skyscrapers
Harvard undergraduate degrees
COST OF PROGRAMME: $1,850 mln
THE “MY STREET” PROGRAMM A NEW STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOSCOW
LENGTH: 3,093 km AREA TO BE IMPROVED: 12,510 ha
London Berlin
Mecca
Moscow
3,800 km
3,320 km
1,610 km2,500 km Novosibirsk
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NEXT STEP: FORMING STRATEGY AND STANDARDS FOR THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SPACES
Middle zonetype 5 Residential streetstype 6 Mixed use streets
City centretype 7 Narow streete with a discontinuous
street fronttype 8 Narrow streets with a continuous
street fronttype 9 Pedestrian streettype 10 Radial street
CLASSIFYING MOSCOW STREETS RECOMENDATIONS FOR TYPE 1: PLANNING SOLUTIONS, DESIGN SOLUTIONS, DETAILS
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STREETSCAPING GUIDLINES. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
The manual provides guidance for practitioners involved in the planning, design, provision and approval of new streets, and modifications to existing ones. Although the detailed guidance in the document applies mainly to residential streets, the overall design principles apply to all streets within urban areas.
The document sets out an integrated and holistic approach to road and street design.
The manual puts pedestrians first and defines a street design process for enhancing street network connectivity and capacity. It creates a new street typology system and recommends streetscape enhancements, native, drought-tolerant landscaping and shadeways that will encourage walking, bicycling and enhanced access to transit.
The guide reveals the methods and tactics that cities use to make streets safer, more livable, and more economically vibrant. It provides a clear vision for complete streets and a basic roadmap for bringing them to fruition.
The document makes recommendations for street-planning standards. For example, it provides sample sidewalks. It also sets out improved standards for landscape elements, bike lanes, dedicated bus lanes, comfortable and accessible transit stops, frequent crossing opportunities, and curb extensions.
Manual for Streets 2 (CIHT, 2010)
Design Manual for Urban Roads and Streets (DMURS, 2013)
Abu Dhabi Urban Street Design Manual (2010)
Urban Street Design Guide (NACTO, 2013)
Boston Complete Streets (2015)
Not one of these manuals offers recommendations for working with the historic urban landscape
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THE PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC SPACE REDEVELOPMENT (5/1)IMPOVERISHED OF URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN CULTURE
Pavilions installed during the redevelopment of the square block the view of the Vladimir Mayakovsky statue from the metro station exit.
TRIUMFALNAYA SQUARE,BUROMOSCOW, 2015
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THE PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC SPACE REDEVELOPMENT (5/2)HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND LANDSCAPES ARE UNDERVALUED
Flashy banners disfigure this Stalin era landmark.
