International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research...

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International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online): 2347-1697

Volume 2 Issue 7 March 2015

Abstract Natural disasters such as , flooding earthquakes results in massive loss of life and property .To optimize loss due to such natural disasters Warning communities of the incoming disaster provides an effective solution to this by giving people sufficient time to evacuate and protect their property. The aim of project is to design the event driven Flood Monitoring System with wireless sensor networks. This system Measures River and Dam through wireless sensor nodes equipped with different sensors. To design system we selected AVR microcontroller kit as hardware platform. It uses RF Trans-receiver as wireless sensor network. it has sensor node with low power consumption & event driven system gives energy efficiency in node We simulated the routing metric which is designed to find path efficiency between single hop transmissions as well as for multiple path efficiency calculation. The routing metric is designed considering residual energy of each node and required delay. The routing metric consider connectivity between nodes and retransmission of data; hence guaranteed transmission of data from source to destination is assured with minimum energy path.

Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System

Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E7/ 090 Page No. 2407-2413 Subject Area Electronics &

Telecommunication

Key Words AVR Microcontroller, Event Driven, Wireless Sensor Network, Master & Slave

Unit , Flood Monitoring

Gadekar Narendra V. 1

B.E. Student , Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Parvatibai Genba Moze College Of Engineering Wagholi, Pune-Maharashtra

Garad Ajay M. 2


Dale Prashant B. 3


Prof. Pankaj Patil 4

Professor Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Parvatibai Genba Moze College Of Engineering Wagholi, Pune-Maharashtra

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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)

Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413

Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System

1. Introduction

Destruction and loss of life from natural disasters is a challenge worldwide. But it is most acute in

the developing world, where weather monitoring technology and emergency warning systems are

almost entirely nonexistent. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 was the most dramatic recent

example—hundreds of thousands of people were swept into the ocean without any warning of the

impending disaster. The flood warning systems used in the developed world are expensive and rely

on expert hydrologists who monitor real-time data 24 hours a day and run sophisticated

computational models at a centralized location. These kinds of resources are both unaffordable and

impractical for poorer countries. The aim of project is to design the event driven Flood Monitoring

System with wireless sensor networks. This system Measures River and Dam through wireless

sensor nodes equipped with different sensors.

2. Objective Of Project

This project is aimed at helping the population large amounts of property loss & casualties caused by

flash-floods. A flash-flood is a sudden discharge of large amounts of water. Usually, heavy rainfall

increases the level of rivers; at the same time, a dam-forming effect occurs, triggered by other

phenomena like ice jams or landslides. The aim of this paper is to describe the design and

implementation of a system that will collect the environmental data like rain fall & water level with

least human monitoring. An important aspect of flood management is the issuing of timely flood

alerts. The spatial, as well as temporal, scale of these warnings is important. Such situations include

issuing warnings for small groups of outlying houses or key infrastructure locations such as power

sub-stations in a Rainy climate, the water level rise to high level due to heavy rain and it is normal

level due to sunshine throughout the year.

3. Related Work

Devastation caused by flooding is often more severe in the developing world, where sophisticated

flood detection technologies are neither affordable nor practical. To address this urgent problem, a

team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is designing a low-cost, wireless

flood detection system that meets the needs of communities with limited resources and rudimentary

communications infrastructure. The MIT system consists of an automated sensor network running

prediction software that measures and computes in real time in order to address changing conditions

during a flood.

The Aguán River in north-eastern Honduras, whose basin and riverbanks are home to 35,000 people,

floods each year during the rainy season. Every five to 10 years, a catastrophic flood occurs—such

as in 1998, when Hurricane Mitch caused the river to breach its banks in numerous places and wash

away the entire village of Santa Rosa de Aguán, killing several people on the Aguán River in

collaboration with Fundacíon San Alonso Rodriguez (FSAR), a Honduran non-profit organization

dedicated to providing communities with technical assistance in such areas as agriculture and

sanitation. The MIT system consists of an automated sensor network running prediction software

that measures and computes in real time in order to address changing conditions during a flood.

4. Working Principle

This system basically consists of level sensors sensor, Rainfall sensor and the RFT Trans receiver.

In Our system we have

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I. 1 Master Unit

II. 2 Slave units

Block Diagram: MASTER UNIT

SLAVE UNIT-I

Atmel

AVR

16-Bit

PC

GSM

RF

TX/RX

POWER SUPPLY

BUZZER

ATMEL

AVR

16-Bit

LEVEL-1

LEVEL-2

RF TX/RX

MOTOR

POWER

SUPPLY

Figure 4.1 (a)

Figure 4.1 (b)

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SLAVE UNIT -II

Figure 4.1(a, b, c): Block Diagram of Flood monitoring Proposed System

Master Unit

Here we making RF based network for environment application. Here we have master and

nodes structure for the Application .The range of RF is about 30 mtrs. So, the whole area

cannot be covered by a single Master slave combination .For this we are covering the whole

area by a master and two slave combination. We have a main PC master terminal which has

the VB software on it .The PC master terminal is used to monitor the status of all the slaves

which covers the whole area. A GSM model is connected to the master which send short

service message (SMS) to the nearest flood controlled office. For taking immediate action

for this situation. This technology enables the system a wireless system with no specified

range limits. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most

widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM,

and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two

other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or

1800 MHz frequency band.

Slave Units

We have 2 nodes .The Idea is that if one node goes out of range of the master then the

communication fails. So we are placing 2 nodes which will be placed in such way that they

will be always in range of the master. The two nodes are under the master’s supervision

.Therefore the PC master will communicate to the nodes via Wireless RF module. There are

two level sensors connected to each slave unit which measure the level of water and indicate

to master unit through RF transceiver another sensor name rainfall sensor is a switching

device activated by rainfall.

ATMEL

AVR

16-Bit

LEVEL-1

LEVEL-2

PAWER

SUPPLY

MOTOR

RF TX/RX

Figure 4.1(c)

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5. System Development

Figure 5.1: System Development

Monitoring subsystem: In this project various parameter like water level sensor, rainfall sensor, are

monitored & system is designed with multirate sampling. In normal days when water level at normal

level (below the position of sensor 1), node of slaves send data with low sampling rate & when event

of flood occur node send data with high data sampling to coordinator.

Wireless communication: Communication between slaves & coordinator is wireless RF

Transceiver used for wireless communication purpose.

Data collecting & Processing: Reading of different sensor of each node is send to coordinator &

which is updated at GUI. GUI gives status of all sensors of all slaves or nodes which is designed at

coordinator side.

Figure 5.2: Data Connecting Network

6. Algorithm

i. Initialize all sensors in input mode.

ii. Continuously track the value of the sensors

iii. If value of the sensor (accepted level)at node 1 is detected then display the level in the pc as

well as the led indicator

iv. Else do nothing

v. If value of the sensor (above accepted level)at node 1 is detected then display the level in

the pc as well as the led indicator

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vi. If rainfall sensor detect the rain and goes beyond range then send alert to mobile as well as

on the pc.

vii. If value of the sensor (at extreme level)at node 1 is detected then display the level in the pc

as well as the led indicator and send sms to the control room and buzzer will buzz and open

the second door also

viii. If the value of again come with in the accepted level then turn t(detected by the senor )he

buzzer off. Turn on the motor to close the door.

ix. Same process is for the node to

x. And status of each sensor will be displayed with the help of visual basic programming and

get the data from the serial communication.

7. Result

Figure 7.1: Showing Final hardware equipment’s connected for proposed system

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GUI: System View / Output

8. Conclusion

Test proposed optimum path algorithm for designed flood monitor system by increasing number of

node in WSN. Congestion control mechanism can improve existence flood monitor system

performance. This event driven system is designed for flood monitor is further implemented by

using solar sensor node to increase life span of motor.

9. References [1].Alvindarjit Singh, Lee Sheng Chyan, Patrick Sebastian‖ Sensor Integration in a Wireless Sensor Network

System for Environmental Monitoring System‖ Universiti Technology PETRONAS.2010

[2] Mauricio Castillo-Effen, Daniel H. Quintela, Ramiro Jordan, Wayne Westhoff‡ and Wilfrido Moreno‖

Wireless Sensor Networks for Flash Flood Alerting‖2004

[3] Paul J. Smith,a, Danny Hughes,b Keith ,. Beven,a Philip Cross,a Wlodek Tych, Geoff Coulsonb and

Gordon Blairb ―Towards the provision of site specific flood warn.

[4] zb4osgi.aaloa.org/.../40/CC2530_ZNP_Interface_Specification.pdf

[5] Elizabeth Basha, Member, IEEE, and Daniela Rus, Member, IEEE,‖ Design of Early Warning Flood

Detection System for Developing Countries‖2008.

[6] Najet Boughanmi and YeQiong Song ―A New routing metric for Satisfying both energy and delay

constraints in wireless sensor Networks‖.2007

[7] M. Busse, T. Haenselmann, and W. Effelsberg, ―An Energy-Efficient Forwarding Scheme for Wireless

Sensor Networks‖, Technical report 13, University of Mannheim, Dec. 2005. ings using wireless sensor

networks‖2010.

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