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Reviewed Paper
Paper
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online): 2347-1697
Volume 2 Issue 7 March 2015
Abstract Natural disasters such as , flooding earthquakes results in massive loss of life and property .To optimize loss due to such natural disasters Warning communities of the incoming disaster provides an effective solution to this by giving people sufficient time to evacuate and protect their property. The aim of project is to design the event driven Flood Monitoring System with wireless sensor networks. This system Measures River and Dam through wireless sensor nodes equipped with different sensors. To design system we selected AVR microcontroller kit as hardware platform. It uses RF Trans-receiver as wireless sensor network. it has sensor node with low power consumption & event driven system gives energy efficiency in node We simulated the routing metric which is designed to find path efficiency between single hop transmissions as well as for multiple path efficiency calculation. The routing metric is designed considering residual energy of each node and required delay. The routing metric consider connectivity between nodes and retransmission of data; hence guaranteed transmission of data from source to destination is assured with minimum energy path.
Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E7/ 090 Page No. 2407-2413 Subject Area Electronics &
Telecommunication
Key Words AVR Microcontroller, Event Driven, Wireless Sensor Network, Master & Slave
Unit , Flood Monitoring
Gadekar Narendra V. 1
B.E. Student , Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Parvatibai Genba Moze College Of Engineering Wagholi, Pune-Maharashtra
Garad Ajay M. 2
B.E. Student , Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Parvatibai Genba Moze College Of Engineering Wagholi, Pune-Maharashtra
Dale Prashant B. 3
B.E. Student , Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Parvatibai Genba Moze College Of Engineering Wagholi, Pune-Maharashtra
Prof. Pankaj Patil 4
Professor Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Parvatibai Genba Moze College Of Engineering Wagholi, Pune-Maharashtra
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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413
Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
1. Introduction
Destruction and loss of life from natural disasters is a challenge worldwide. But it is most acute in
the developing world, where weather monitoring technology and emergency warning systems are
almost entirely nonexistent. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 was the most dramatic recent
example—hundreds of thousands of people were swept into the ocean without any warning of the
impending disaster. The flood warning systems used in the developed world are expensive and rely
on expert hydrologists who monitor real-time data 24 hours a day and run sophisticated
computational models at a centralized location. These kinds of resources are both unaffordable and
impractical for poorer countries. The aim of project is to design the event driven Flood Monitoring
System with wireless sensor networks. This system Measures River and Dam through wireless
sensor nodes equipped with different sensors.
2. Objective Of Project
This project is aimed at helping the population large amounts of property loss & casualties caused by
flash-floods. A flash-flood is a sudden discharge of large amounts of water. Usually, heavy rainfall
increases the level of rivers; at the same time, a dam-forming effect occurs, triggered by other
phenomena like ice jams or landslides. The aim of this paper is to describe the design and
implementation of a system that will collect the environmental data like rain fall & water level with
least human monitoring. An important aspect of flood management is the issuing of timely flood
alerts. The spatial, as well as temporal, scale of these warnings is important. Such situations include
issuing warnings for small groups of outlying houses or key infrastructure locations such as power
sub-stations in a Rainy climate, the water level rise to high level due to heavy rain and it is normal
level due to sunshine throughout the year.
3. Related Work
Devastation caused by flooding is often more severe in the developing world, where sophisticated
flood detection technologies are neither affordable nor practical. To address this urgent problem, a
team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is designing a low-cost, wireless
flood detection system that meets the needs of communities with limited resources and rudimentary
communications infrastructure. The MIT system consists of an automated sensor network running
prediction software that measures and computes in real time in order to address changing conditions
during a flood.
The Aguán River in north-eastern Honduras, whose basin and riverbanks are home to 35,000 people,
floods each year during the rainy season. Every five to 10 years, a catastrophic flood occurs—such
as in 1998, when Hurricane Mitch caused the river to breach its banks in numerous places and wash
away the entire village of Santa Rosa de Aguán, killing several people on the Aguán River in
collaboration with Fundacíon San Alonso Rodriguez (FSAR), a Honduran non-profit organization
dedicated to providing communities with technical assistance in such areas as agriculture and
sanitation. The MIT system consists of an automated sensor network running prediction software
that measures and computes in real time in order to address changing conditions during a flood.
4. Working Principle
This system basically consists of level sensors sensor, Rainfall sensor and the RFT Trans receiver.
In Our system we have
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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413
Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
I. 1 Master Unit
II. 2 Slave units
Block Diagram: MASTER UNIT
SLAVE UNIT-I
Atmel
AVR
16-Bit
PC
GSM
RF
TX/RX
POWER SUPPLY
BUZZER
ATMEL
AVR
16-Bit
LEVEL-1
LEVEL-2
RF TX/RX
MOTOR
POWER
SUPPLY
Figure 4.1 (a)
Figure 4.1 (b)
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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413
Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
SLAVE UNIT -II
Figure 4.1(a, b, c): Block Diagram of Flood monitoring Proposed System
Master Unit
Here we making RF based network for environment application. Here we have master and
nodes structure for the Application .The range of RF is about 30 mtrs. So, the whole area
cannot be covered by a single Master slave combination .For this we are covering the whole
area by a master and two slave combination. We have a main PC master terminal which has
the VB software on it .The PC master terminal is used to monitor the status of all the slaves
which covers the whole area. A GSM model is connected to the master which send short
service message (SMS) to the nearest flood controlled office. For taking immediate action
for this situation. This technology enables the system a wireless system with no specified
range limits. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most
widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM,
and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two
other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or
1800 MHz frequency band.
Slave Units
We have 2 nodes .The Idea is that if one node goes out of range of the master then the
communication fails. So we are placing 2 nodes which will be placed in such way that they
will be always in range of the master. The two nodes are under the master’s supervision
.Therefore the PC master will communicate to the nodes via Wireless RF module. There are
two level sensors connected to each slave unit which measure the level of water and indicate
to master unit through RF transceiver another sensor name rainfall sensor is a switching
device activated by rainfall.
ATMEL
AVR
16-Bit
LEVEL-1
LEVEL-2
PAWER
SUPPLY
MOTOR
RF TX/RX
Figure 4.1(c)
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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413
Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
5. System Development
Figure 5.1: System Development
Monitoring subsystem: In this project various parameter like water level sensor, rainfall sensor, are
monitored & system is designed with multirate sampling. In normal days when water level at normal
level (below the position of sensor 1), node of slaves send data with low sampling rate & when event
of flood occur node send data with high data sampling to coordinator.
Wireless communication: Communication between slaves & coordinator is wireless RF
Transceiver used for wireless communication purpose.
Data collecting & Processing: Reading of different sensor of each node is send to coordinator &
which is updated at GUI. GUI gives status of all sensors of all slaves or nodes which is designed at
coordinator side.
Figure 5.2: Data Connecting Network
6. Algorithm
i. Initialize all sensors in input mode.
ii. Continuously track the value of the sensors
iii. If value of the sensor (accepted level)at node 1 is detected then display the level in the pc as
well as the led indicator
iv. Else do nothing
v. If value of the sensor (above accepted level)at node 1 is detected then display the level in
the pc as well as the led indicator
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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413
Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
vi. If rainfall sensor detect the rain and goes beyond range then send alert to mobile as well as
on the pc.
vii. If value of the sensor (at extreme level)at node 1 is detected then display the level in the pc
as well as the led indicator and send sms to the control room and buzzer will buzz and open
the second door also
viii. If the value of again come with in the accepted level then turn t(detected by the senor )he
buzzer off. Turn on the motor to close the door.
ix. Same process is for the node to
x. And status of each sensor will be displayed with the help of visual basic programming and
get the data from the serial communication.
7. Result
Figure 7.1: Showing Final hardware equipment’s connected for proposed system
2413
ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2407-2413
Gadekar Narendra V. , Garad Ajay M. , Dale Prashant B. , Prof. Pankaj Patil :: Overview Of WSN Based Flood Monitoring System
GUI: System View / Output
8. Conclusion
Test proposed optimum path algorithm for designed flood monitor system by increasing number of
node in WSN. Congestion control mechanism can improve existence flood monitor system
performance. This event driven system is designed for flood monitor is further implemented by
using solar sensor node to increase life span of motor.
9. References [1].Alvindarjit Singh, Lee Sheng Chyan, Patrick Sebastian‖ Sensor Integration in a Wireless Sensor Network
System for Environmental Monitoring System‖ Universiti Technology PETRONAS.2010
[2] Mauricio Castillo-Effen, Daniel H. Quintela, Ramiro Jordan, Wayne Westhoff‡ and Wilfrido Moreno‖
Wireless Sensor Networks for Flash Flood Alerting‖2004
[3] Paul J. Smith,a, Danny Hughes,b Keith ,. Beven,a Philip Cross,a Wlodek Tych, Geoff Coulsonb and
Gordon Blairb ―Towards the provision of site specific flood warn.
[4] zb4osgi.aaloa.org/.../40/CC2530_ZNP_Interface_Specification.pdf
[5] Elizabeth Basha, Member, IEEE, and Daniela Rus, Member, IEEE,‖ Design of Early Warning Flood
Detection System for Developing Countries‖2008.
[6] Najet Boughanmi and YeQiong Song ―A New routing metric for Satisfying both energy and delay
constraints in wireless sensor Networks‖.2007
[7] M. Busse, T. Haenselmann, and W. Effelsberg, ―An Energy-Efficient Forwarding Scheme for Wireless
Sensor Networks‖, Technical report 13, University of Mannheim, Dec. 2005. ings using wireless sensor
networks‖2010.