COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Jaipur National University, Jaipur

An Industrial Summer Internship Presentation on

Training Carried out at

United Telecom Limited, Ranchi Jharkhand

Presented by : .......... ( Roll No 5EC...)

8/23/20152

There are some images and contents used within this presentation are

copied from public domain and Books without prior permission from

original owner, which may be listed in references section.

Only Original Owner has full rights reserved for copied images and datacontents.

This PPT is only for fair academic use (Not Commercial).

Kalyan Acharjya

kalyan.acharjya@gmail.com

www.factsaboutuniversity.com

Disclosure

Outlines

Introduction to Organization Profile.

UTL Services in Jharkhand.

Basic of Data Communication Networks.

Communication Networks Components.

IP Addressing.

Applications of UTL Services.

Conclusion and References.

Kalyan Acharjya

UTL Profile

United Telecoms e-Services Pvt. Ltd., Ranchi,

Jharkhand is a UTL group of companies, looking after the

CSC Project in Jharkhand.

United Telecoms Limited (UTL) Group is a Bangalore based,

ICT Solutions Company with wide experience in setting up

telecom networks, e-governance.

Powering Ideas into Communication

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UTL Profile…

UTL Group of Companies are engaged in Design,

Manufacturing, Software Development in the areas of

Telecommunications.

For example networking, systems integration, software

solutions, PCB manufacturing, microelectronics design etc.

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UTL Services

Govt. Services for Citizens

• Adhar Card, Apna CSE, PAN Card, e-district

• E-nagarik

Utility Services

• Know the bill, Pay world Services.

• Bank Branch Locator,

Banking Services

• For all public services banks.

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Basics of Communication Network

Network is a collection of computers, printer, routers and

switches and other communication devices that are able to

communicate to each other through some transmission media.

Other way network is physical connection between computing

devices established using cable media or wireless media.

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Structure of Communication Networks

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Some Communication Networks Component

• Router is a device which connect different

networks.

• A router which forward data packets between

computer network, connecting an overlay

internetwork.

• Three Modes-

• User mode.

• Privileged mode.

• Global configuration mode.

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Modes of Router

User mode:

• Only some basic monitoring.

• Limited show commands ping ,trace etc

• Router>

Privileged Mode:

• Monitoring and some troubleshooting.

• All show commands, ping trace, copy and erase

• Router#

Global Configuration Mode:

• To make any change that affect the router like hostname, routing

configuration.

• Router (config)#

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Basic Commands

User Mode:

• Router>

• Router>enable

Global Configuration Mode:•Router#Configure Terminal

•Router(config)#Hostname R-1

•R-1(config)#Show IP route

•R-1(config)enable password<password>•R-1(config)enable secret <password>

Privileged Mode:•Router#Show running-config

•Router#Show start-config

•Router#Show flash

•Router#Show version

•Router#Show ip interface brief

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• A Network Switch is a small hardware device that joinsmultiple computers together within one LAN.

• It is networking device that connect devices together oncomputer network by using packet switching to receive,process and forward data on destination devices.

Other Communication Networks Component: Switch

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Idea about IP Address

• Internet Protocol address is numerical label assigned to eachdevice participating in a computer network that uses the internetprotocol for communication .

• An IP address has 32 bits divided into four octets.

• To make the address easier to read, people use decimal numbers torepresent the binary digits e.g. 192.168.1.1

• IP Address Classes-

• Class A

• Class B

• Class C

• Class D

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• Class A: Reserved for governments and large corporations

throughout the world and supports 16,777,214 hosts.

• Class B: Addresses are assigned to large and medium sized

companies and supports 65,534 hosts.

• Class C: Addresses are assigned to groups that do not meet the

qualifications to obtain Class A or B addresses and supports 254

hosts

• Class D: Addresses (also known as multicast addresses) are

reserved for multicasting. Multicasting is the sending of a stream

of data (usually audio and video) to multiple computers

simultaneously

IP Address Classes

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IP Addressing

The network address is the first address.

The network address defines the network to the rest of the

Internet.

• A mask is a 32-bit binary number and the mask is ANDed

with IP address to get the block address (Network address)

• Mask And IP address = Block Address

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IP Addressing: Basic Idea of Sub netting

Split the host number portion of an IP address into a Subnet number and a (smaller) Host number.

Result is a 3-layer hierarchy

Subnets can be freely assigned within the organization

Internally, subnets are treated as separate networks

Subnet structure is not visible outside the organization

network prefix host number

subnet numbernetwork prefix host number

extended network prefix

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IP backbone routers have one routing table entry for each networkaddress.

With sub netting, a backbone router only needs to know one entry foreach network

This is acceptable for Class A and Class B networks

27 = 128 Class A networks

214 = 16,384 Class B networks

But this is not acceptable for Class C networks

221 = 2,097,152 Class C networks

In past year the size of the routing tables started to outgrow thecapacity of routers

The Class-based assignment of IP addresses had to be discarded.

IP Addressing: Classless Addressing

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IP Addressing : CIDR - Classless Interdomain Routing

Goals:

Restructure IP address assignments to increase efficiency

Hierarchical routing aggregation to minimize route table entries.

Key Concept: The length of the network id (prefix) in the IP addresses is kept arbitrary.

Routers advertise the IP address and the length of the prefix.

CIDR notation of a network address:

192.0.2.0/15 "15" says that the first 15 bits are the network part of the address (and 14 bits

are available for specific host addresses)

The network part is called the prefix.

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Applications of UTL Services

Jharkhand State Wide AreaNetwork(JHARNET)-TheNetwork integration with entireJharkhand.

Pragya Kendra.

Jail Sakshatkar.

Online grievance redressal through

e-Samvaad.

Online Land records.

The State Blindness Control Societyhas started to use the CSC networkin Eye Screening (School Children)

Various Banks, Dept. of Posts etc….

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Conclusions:

During the internship, I have practically gained the knowledge of

communication networks.

Practically felt the experienced that how data communication

networks devices (e.g. router, switches etc) are configured and this

was enhanced my industrial knowledge in this field.

There was another interesting part to do the work in teamwork and

also understood that working way in industry.

Data Communication networks is a vast area, though I have covered

the IP addressing part during my summer internship.

This internship was most amazing that I have ever experienced and I

would like to visit UTL again in near future to learn the other

system and software skill in computer networks domain.

Kalyan Acharjya

References :

Books:

[1] Book Forouzan, “ Data Communication Networks”, Tata

McGraw Hall, Fourth Edition.

[2] Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, Prentice

Hall of India, Third Edition.

Websites:

[3] http://www.utlindia.com/

[4] http://csc.gov.in/

[5] http://jharkhand.gov.in/jail/

[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address

Kalyan Acharjya

Any Questions?

Thank You !Kalyan Acharjya

Any Queries Please Contact: kalyan.acharjya@gmail.com