INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted by: Seinn Lei Lei Tun (st20000575)

An internship report submitted for the credit requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering in Telecommunications Engineering

Examination Committee: Dr.Teerapat Sanguankotchakorn

Nationality: Myanmar

Asian Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering and Technology, Thailand

August 2015

Acknowledgement

First, I want to say thanks to my academic advisor Dr.Teerapat Sanguankotchakorn and Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) for giving me the opportunity to do the internship in the third year of undergraduate program. I give my appreciation to my work supervisor Dr.Rathapon Saruthirathanaworakun, Engineering Specialist of True Corporation Public Company Limited, Bangkok, Thailand, for giving me the opportunity to do the internship. Furthermore, I am really thankful to my work supervisor Dr.Rathapon Saruthirathanaworakun because of his teaching and advices were the best force during my internship period. Finally, I would like to say thanks to all my research team members for the reason that they are helpful, warm and give me big hands during my internship period.

Abstract

It is about my working experiences during twelve weeks. This paper included all training experiences and studies that I have learnt during internship period. I have learnt the concepts of Internet Architecture, how Internet developed, who are the Internet Service Providers and broadcasting technologies in Myanmar, 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Advanced features and compatibility between LTE and LTE Advanced, Smart City and how smart technology helped in Waste Management. I found out the general concepts of telecom sector for valuable resources. In twelve weeks of internship period, I did five presentations and information and figures are described properly.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Acknowledgement 2

Abstract 3

Table of Contents 4

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background of Organization 7

1.2 Internship Brief Description 8

1.3 Internship Schedule 8

Chapter 2 Training Description

2.1 Objectives 9

Chapter 3 Training Research

3.1 Internet in Myanmar 10

1. Internet History and Internet Penetration 102. Internet Service Providers

Regulators-Myanmar Posts and 11 Telecommunications (MPT) -Yatanarpon teleport (Bagan CyberTech) 11

3. Mobile Internet Operators 11 (a) Telenor (Norwegian Company) 12(b) Ooredoo (Qtel Company)

3.2 Internet Service Providers and Broadcasting in Myanmar 13

1. Regulators and Operators 132. SEA-ME-WE-3 133. Dry Cross Border Cables – Thailand, 14

India and 14China 14

4. Telecom Service License 14a. International Gateway License 14 b. Equipment License 14c. Application Process of a Service License 15d. Responsibilities of License 15

5. Television Broadcasting 15a. Four Broadcasters - MRTV 15

- Myawaddy 15 - MRTV-4 16 - SKYNET 16

3.3 4G LTE and LTE Advanced 17

1. What is 4G? 172. What is LTE? 173. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 174. Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access

(SC-FDMA) 175. Multiple Input and Multiple Output 186. LTE Architecture 187. LTE Communication Channels 198. What is LTE Advanced? 209. LTE Advanced Features 20

3.4 LTE Advanced Technology and how LT Advanced 21 developed in Singapore, South Korea and Vietnam

1. Key technologies that make difference from LTE 21to LTE Advanced

2. Carrier Aggregation 213. Three Different Scenarios Bands 214. Multi-Antenna Techniques 225. Singapore 4G LTE 23

a. SingTel 23b. StarHub 23 c. Mobile 1 ( M1 Limited ) 24

6. South Korea 4G LTE 24 a. SK Telecom 24 b. LG U Plus 24 c. Korea Telecom 24

7. Vietnam Telecom Infrastructure 25

3.5 Smart City 26

1. What is a Smart City? 26 2. Basic Infrastructure of Smart City 26 3. Smart Solutions 26 4. Waste Management 26

a. Places/Technologies how they used? 27b. What are the outcomes? 28

Chapter 4 Conclusion 29

Chapter 5 References 30,31

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Organization

The company that accepted me to do my internship is TRUE CORPORATION PUBLIC LIMITED. It’s a Thailand communication corporation and also third largest mobile operator. They provide telecommunications services to whole nationwide with 1800 MHz. They are the largest Internet Service Provider and Broadband operator in the data transmission business.

Currently, they are giving prepaid and postpaid services, voice and non-voice services , fixed-line phone services, VoIP services, Broadband and Internet services, data services and international roaming services.

1.2 Internship Brief Description

In this internship period, I did five presentations concerning with Internet in Myanmar, how Internet developed, who are the Internet Service Providers and broadcasting technologies in Myanmar, 4G LTE ( Long Term Evolution ), LTE Advanced features and compatibility between LTE and LTE Advanced, Smart City and how smart technology helped in Waste Management,

1.3 Internship Schedule

My internship was between 11.5.2015 to 07.8.2015.It lasted for three months. I had to work exactly forty hours for a week except weekends.

CHAPTER 2

TRAINING DESCRIPTION

2.1 Objectives

To get knowledge the telecom infrastructure of Asian Countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore, South Korea and Vietnam)

To get the help for further studies communication courses To have the ability to present among the audiences with the confidence.

CHAPTER 3

TRAINING RESEARCH

3.1 Internet in Myanmar

(1) Internet History and Internet Penetration Internet was first introduced in Myanmar at 2000.It used to have low internet speed due to requirements of internet infrastructure. Dial-up connections, ADSL and satellite were used before 2013. The internet usage has been increased significantly by using 3G cellular telephone networks. Average speed was 282 Kbps and fastest was 1Mbps only in major city, Yangon but that was heavily restricted. Domestic bandwidth is about 20Gbps and international gateway bandwidth is less than 4Gbps.

(2) Internet Service Providers

For the past three years, Internet Service Providers were a. Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications (MPT)b. Yatanarpon Teleport (Bagan CyberTech)

Red Link Communications, SKYNET and Yatanarpon Teleport were working under by stated-owned MPT. In the mobile sectors, two major foreign companies Qatar’s Ooredoo and Norway’s Telenor won the local competitors in 2013 June.

a. Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications (MPT)

It is a stated-owned business in Myanmar under the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. MPT operates country’s postal system. Until 2013, it was only Myanmar telecommunications operator. Before 2013, MPT dominated the mobile and landline phone communication, internet services.

Currently MPT provided more than 10 millions Sim-cards over the whole country.

Today, MPT operates a nationwide network infrastructure, utilizing both 2G and 3G technologies.

b. Yatanarpon Teleport (Bagan CyberTech)

Teleport is established at December 2001. In April 2002, internet service became available for organization and business. InNovember 2002, Broadband Wireless Access services launched in Yangon. In December 2002, IPSTAR full service launch to nationwide. May 2004, ADSL services launched and later 2005 November they upgraded to ADSL2+. In November 2007, they launched Wi-max service in Yangon. They provide Internet Service, IP Multimedia Subsystem and Internet Protocol Television.

(3) Mobile Internet Operators

These two companies are Telenor (Norwegian Company) and Ooredoo (QtelGroup) got mobile licenses in the middle of 2013.

a. Telenor (Norwegian Company)

It obtained licenses in Myanmar in February 2014 and launched mobile and internet services using 2G and 3G GSM technology in 2014. The license is valid for 15 years. They invest more than $1 billion of capital and $500 million awarded license. The speed can go up to 300Kbps and with smart Internet is up to 2Mbps.They offer both 2G and 3G but 4G services is still not ready. Terrestrial link connecting Myanmar to Bangladesh is almost done. They have 348 base stations in Yangon. Spectrum is in the 900MHz and 2.1GHz bands. Utilization for mobile network is using High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) ready technologies. The network is connected to the outside world through Tata services in Singapore via the SEA-ME-WE-3(submarine cable).

b. Ooredoo (Qtel Telecom)

They launched mobile services before than Telenor. They invest$15 billion and also license is valid for 15 years. Mobile network launched on 15th August 2014. GSM mobile network is using advanced UMTS900 technology. 3G network is using 900 and 2100 frequencies.

3.2 Internet Service Providers and Broadcasting in Myanmar

(1) Regulators and Operators

Regulator is Posts and Telecommunications Department (PTD) underthe Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT). We have three Operators;

a. Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications (MPT)b. Telenor (Norwegian Company)c. Ooredoo (Qtel Telecom)

(2) South-East-Asia-Middle East-Western Europe (SEA-ME-WE-3)

It is an optical submarine telecommunication cable. The length is 39,000 kilometers. They use Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology with Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) for capacity and quality of the signal. The cable system has two fiber pairs, initial capacity 70Gbps, 48 wavelengths of 10Gbps totaling 480 Gbps. It has 39 landing points. For Myanmar, landing point is 21 at Pyapon. This area is in the Ayeyarwaddy Division, middle part of Myanmar. This landing point is owned by Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications.

(3) Cross-Border Cable Links

There have three dry cross-border cable links;a. Dry Cross-Border Cable to Thailandb. Dry Cross-Border Cable to Chinac. Dry Cross-Border Cable to India

a. Dry Cross-Border Cable to Thailand There has six fiber links with Thailand. Under the Information Superhighway Network (ISN) project, that fiber optic link extends between eight cities of Myanmar and one border town of Thailand. The capacity is 10 gigabyte.

b. Dry Cross-Border Cable to India It is located in border city of India and middle part of Myanmar.

c. Dry Cross-Border Cable to China

Myanmar has built 6 cross-border fiber optics with China.It is between border town of Myanmar and China.

(4) Telecom Service License

This license is for local and foreign licensees but with different rules. For both applicants, they are required to apply telecommunications service license to Telecommunications Department of MCIT.

a. International Gateway License If a service license holder applies for a permit to

operate an international gateway for international telecommunication connections or networks they allow this activity with separately specified rules and regulations after having acquired the approval of the Union Government.

b. Equipment License

It can be applied both local and foreigners who already have telecom equipment license. They have to apply to Telecomm Department of MCIT.

c. Application Process for Service License

Both applicants have to apply to the Telecomm Department of MCIT. Once they reviewed the application, they give it to MCIT. But for the foreign applicants they need to get approval from the government of Myanmar. After getting the approval of the government or MCIT, the Telecom Department give service license within limited years.

(4) Television Broadcasting

It has began in 1981. There are four television broadcasters in Myanmar.

a. Myanmar Radio and Television (MRTV)

It broadcasts from Naypyidaw, capital of Myanmar. It was the first radio broadcasting station in Myanmar before City FM station. They broadcast with Digital terrestrial (DVB-T2) to the whole country. Broadcasting TV nationwide with the 233 retransmitting stations, which can cover 92.3% population. The existing analog system is NTSC-M (3.58 MHz color system). Most of the remote station are using Very High Frequency (VHF) and only a few are Ultra High Frequency band (UHF).

b. Myawaddy TV (MWD)

Broadcasting via DVB-T system. Transmitting at 13 high power station and can cover up to 60% population. They control their set-top boxes, so other set-top boxes can’t receive their Free to Air (FTA) signal.

c. Myanmar Radio and Television 4 (MRTV-4)

They started broadcasting in 2004. It is under MRTV and theForever Group. It can be viewed with MMBox satellite or terrestrial DVB-T receivers. In 2006, Myanmar’s National Digital Broadcasting Committee (MNDBC) finalized to recommend DVB-T2 to replace DVB-T as the national digital terrestrial broadcasting standard in lieu with the ASEAN Digital Switch-Over. In the initial state, the On Air transmission standard was MPEG-4 SD.

d. SKYNET

It is under Shwe Than Lwin Media Company. It has initiated DTH broadcasting since November 2010 to 2043 (33 years contract). They launched MPS (Multi-Play Services) in February 2011.

3.3 4G Long Term Evolution and LTE Advanced

(1) What is 4G?

It is a wireless technology for faster data speeds. 4G is LongTerm Evolution and WiMax claim to initially start around 5 Mbps which is a lot higher than all the rest of generations.100 Mbps for download speed. 4G uses spiral multiplexing.

(2) What is LTE?

It stands for long term evolution for faster data speed. The technologies used for 4G are GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA. The important characteristics are;

a. Download speed is 300 Mbps and upload speed to 75.4 Mbps.b. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDMA) for the downlink,

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access for the uplink.c. 1.4MHz to 20MHz for carrier bandwidths.d. Network uses Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology.e. They support Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) for transmissions.

(3) Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

It is for encoding digital data. It used in 4G technology. It can use in severe conditions and also co-channel interference.

(4) Single Carrier Frequency-Division Multiplexing(SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a frequency-division multiple access. LTE use SC-FDMA in the uplink multiple access network.

(5) Multiple Input and Multiple Output

It is a method to transmit and receive antennas. It is used for signal performance and high speed data. They use two antennas for transceivers and two antennas for receivers.

(6)LTE Architecture

There are three main parts in architecture;a. The User Equipment (UE)b. The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)c. The Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

a. The User Equipment (UE) In UE, it can be divides into three small parts;

- Mobile Termination (MT) : for the communication channels.

- Terminal Equipment (TE) : ceases all the data.

- Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) : runs as the Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM).

b. The E-UTRAN (The Access Network)

The base stations controls between mobile and EPC. It is called eNodeB. There are two tasks supported by eNB:

- eNB performs radio transmissions by using both analogue and digital processing functions.

- eNB controls mobiles by sending signals.

c. The Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is a data base that carry all the dataabout subscribers. The Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) use SGi interface. The PDN gateway serve as the same with GPRS support node (GGSN) and the GPRS support node (SGSN) serve with UMTS and GSM. The serving gateway (S-GW) send data between base station and PDN. The mobility management entity (MME) controls the mobile by signals.

(7) LTE Communication Channels

LTE use many types of logical, transport and physical channel.a. Logical Channelsb. Transport Channelsc. Physical Channels

a. Logical Channels

It can be defined with data transferred type. Data and signals are carried through logical channels. This channel can be subdivided into control channels and traffic channels.

- In Control Channel, there are common channel and dedicated channel. A common channel is for all common users in a cell but for dedicated channel, it can only used for one user.

- In Traffic channels, data is in the user plane.

b. Transport Channels

It can be distinguished by types of data carried on the PHY layer. For the sub-channels, they can be decided how the transport channels influence them.

- Broadcast Channel provide mobile data which linked to the eNB.

- Downlink Shared Channel is main channel for downlink data transfer.

- Paging Channel is used for paging information to find network thing.

- Multicast Channel is used multicast transmissions to transmit signals.

- Uplink Shared Channel is for conveying uplink information.

- Random Access Channel is used for random signals.

c. Physical Channels

Data and signals can be carried and it can be divided into two channels;

- Physical Data Channels are distinguished by the physical channel processor controls them.

- Physical Control Channels control information to supports the PHY layer.

(8) LTE Advanced

It is an improvement of the LTE standard. Carrier bandwidth and Multi-antenna techniques make the difference between LTE and LTE Advanced.OFDMA is for downlink and SC-FDMA is for uplink. It’s based on a fully Internet Protocol packet-switched network.

(9) LTE Advanced Features

Download speed is 1 Gbps and upload speed is 500 Mbps. Transmission bandwidth is over 70 MHz in downlink and 40 MHz in uplink. Asymmetric bandwidth is maximum 100 MHz. Spectrum efficiency is three times greater than LTE. For spectrum efficiency, downlink is 30 bps/Hz and uplink is 15 bps/Hz.

3.4 LTE Advanced Technology and how LTE Advanced developed in Asian Countries (Singapore, South Korea and Vietnam)

(1) Key Technologies that make difference from LTE to LTE- Advanced

The main functions used in LTE-Advanced are;a. Carrier Aggregation (CA)b. Enhanced use of multi-antenna techniquesc. Support for Relay Nodes (RN)

Upload speed is 50Mbps and 100 Mbps for download speed for LTE. But LTE-A upload speed is 500 Mbps and 1Gbps for download speed.

(2) Carrier Aggregation

- LTE Advanced offers higher data rates than LTE.

- To get higher speed, it needs to increase the carrier bandwidth. It can be done by carrier aggregation.

- Carrier aggregation is supported by Frequency-division duplexing and Time-division duplexing.

- There are maximum of five component carriers.

- Each of bandwidth are 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz or 20MHz.

(3) Three Different Scenarios

a.Intra Band, Contiguous

The component carriers are assigned in the same band and they are

contiguous. b.Intra Band, Non-Contiguous

The component carriers are assigned in the same band and they arenot contiguous.

c.Inter Band, Non-Contiguous The component carriers are assigned in different bands.

(4) Multi Antenna Techniques

There are three main multi-antenna techniques used in LTE; a. Transmit Diversity b. Receive Diversityc. Spatial multiplexing d. Beamforming

a. Transmit Diversity

It is also referred to as MISO (Multiple Input SingleOutput ). It contains 2 or more transmitters and one receiver.The same data is sent to transmit antennas but the receiver can identify each transmitter.

b. Receive Diversity

It is also referred to SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output). It has one transmitter and two or more receivers. Two receivers can use in low SNR conditions.

c. Spatial Multiplexing

It’s a transmission technique in MIMO wireless

communication links in which data is multiplexed with low-complexity across the transmit antennas.

d. Beamforming

It’s a signal processing technique used in signal transmission or reception. Itfocus as an array to sounds come from one direction and neglect for other directions.

(5) Singapore 4G LTE

There are over 8.5 million 3G and 4G subscribers. Three big mobile operators;

a. SingTelb. Mobile Onec. Star Hub

a. SingTel

SingTel launched 300MBps LTE-Advanced service. Currently more than half of Singapore is covered with LTE-Advanced 4G+ 300Mbps. They have boosted download speeds from 75Mbps to 150Mbps by deploying cutting-edge MIMO in technology in commercial buildings. They achieved 97% island wide coverage of 4G, power by more than 1,000 dual-band outdoor mobile sites, plus 600 in-building mobile sites. They currently running 4G on LTE 1800/2600. Theoretical download speeds is 150 Mbps, 300 Mbps. Typical download speeds is 16-70 Mbps, 20-140 Mbps. They have the most base stations in Singapore.

b. Mobile One (M1 Limited)

M1 Limited is the first one that reached nationwide coverage. It offers 2G, 3G and 4G network, and also international-calls. Currently, they are using NGNBN (Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network) with 10Gbps. 4G download speed is 300Mbps and upload speed is 50Mbps.

c. StarHub

Second provider in Singapore, provide 2G,3G and 4G. 4G data accessspeeds up to 300Mbps across the island are in progress, the new 4G plans will support speeds of up to 150Mbps in areas without 4G 300Mbps coverage. Theoretical download speed is up to 75Mbps. Typical download speed range is 3.4 Mbps – 12 Mbps. Upload speed is up to 50 Mbps.

(6) South Korea 4G LTE

Over 20 million internet users and world highest data speed with(17.5MBps). South Korea has three main Operators;

a. SK Telecomb. LG U Plusc. Korea Telecom

a. SK Telecom

The download speed is 150Mbps. For SK Telecom, average 4G download speed of 9.3Mbps which is better than the global average of 8.1Mbps. They use advanced High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network.

b. LG U Plus

LG U plus launched its LTE-A carrier aggregation using three different spectrums 800MHz, 2.1GHz and 2.6GHz to offer a peak speed of 300MHz. They provide 4 times faster ‘Wideband LTE-A’. 75Mbps for LTE. LTE-A/ Wideband LTE is for 150 Mbps. Wideband LTE-A X 3 is 225Mbps. Wideband LTE-A X 4 is 300Mbps.

c. Korea Telecom

For Korea Telecom, 1.8GHz band for 4G LTE services names as Olleh LTE.(7) Vietnam Telecom Infrastructure

Telecom industry is regulated by the Department General of Posts and Telecommunications, a state agency which overseas all telecom providers including standard telephony, mobile telephony, and internet service providers. Following five internet service providers are;

a. Netnam Companyb. Vietnam Data Communication Company (VDC),c. Corporation for Finance and Promoting Technology (FPT),

a. Saigon Post and Telecommunications Services b. Corporation (Saigon Postel Corporation, SPT) c. Viettel Company

Vietnam authorities have said they will introduce 4G LTE for commercial use in 2016.

3.5 Smart City and how Smart Technology help in Waste Management

(1) What is a Smart City? City that use smart technologies to reduce energy consumption, and to engage more effectively with its citizens. Transportation, Energy, Health and education services and others have been developing by the smart technologies. Goals are to develop the management of city and reduce the challenges that has been facing with citizens. Smart city is with smart infrastructure that gives people to civilized living standards, clean environment by using smart solutions.

(2) Basic Infrastructure

Smart city provide smart infrastructure to offer well-brought-up to citizens. Basic infrastructures are sufficient water and electricity, waste management, public transportation, smart education, smart buildings and government management system.

(3) Smart Solutions

Developing a new city, the challenge is to ensure habitability, financial, sustainable environment. To ensure these problems smart technologies are needed. Smart solutions are smart waster management, epidemic control management , drugs control management, green building, energy consumption, renew and recycle sources and etc.

(4) Waste Management

It is defined as the disposal of waster materials that match the public health, economics, other environmental considerations. The waste has been increased exponentially depending on population. It becomes difficult to separate between

household waste and renewable sources. It can be solved with waste management using smart technologies. As the results, it can be divided as;

a. What technology they used?

b. What are the outcomes?

a. What technology they used? Smart waste management systems will enable the following areas of action, among others:

- They put battery sensor into the trash bin to measure the trash level.

- It is connected to the Enevo website and the service users.

- When the trash bin reach the maximum level of waste, it alerts the sensor.

- The main advantage is they don’t need to check all bins.

Service Provider ( Enevo One ) It uses sensors to collect data from trash bin and send it to a cloud based

platform. That creates exact estimation for trash collector and make time. It is sent to

the trash collector smart devices (tablet or smart phone).

WE-008 Sensor Functions

i. COMMUNICATIONSii. FEATURES

i. COMMUNICATIONS

- Customers can check the every time on the appropriate website

ii. FEATURES

- It senses the waste disposal and alert the fire alarm.

- It can easily install any type of trash bins.

- It can measure any type of waste and severe surroundings.

- Waste measurement performed in every one hour.

b. What are the outcomes?

- Costs become lower for trucks and fuel consumption.

- Better environmental efficiency ( reduction of greenhouse emissions, improved air and water quality )

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

During twelve weeks of internship period in TRUE CORPORATION PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED , I have learnt uncountable knowledge from team. As working in Thai Company, it was the new environment for me rather than studying in Asian Institute of Technology. This was my first working experience so it gave me how to communicate with co-workers, head of the research department. In addition, this internship three months gave me hard practices and skills that couldn’t bring back again.

Moreover, I had an easy mode of learning telecomm sectors and I was really appreciated to get support from Dr. Rathapon and his team members. I had learnt the internet service providers of Myanmar, 4G LTE and LTE Advanced, modulation methods (OFDM, SC-FDMA), multipath propagation method, multi-antenna techniques, LTE Advanced Architecture, how LTE developed in Asian Countries (Singapore, South-Korea, Vietnam) and how smart technology utilized in people daily life. The studies concerning with presentation makes me memorize my engineering studies and I believed that new things that I have learnt could also help in my final year courses. Under the supervisors teaching and comments, I got more knowledge and ideas in telecommunication field and understand the concepts well.

To conclude, I had precious memories, interesting and warm working place once in my life. I couldn’t deny that from 12 weeks of internship, got a life experiences, knowledge, improvement of communication skills and trained me to become outstanding and confident to move on with telecommunication engineer. I hope these experiences give me motivation and encourage me to help my country, Myanmar in one day.

CHAPTER 5

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