Interplay, 13e - Chapter 03

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CHAPTER 3

Interpersonal Communication and the Self

Interplay , 13th Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor

Copyright © 2015 by Oford !ni"ersity Press, #nc$



Section 1COMMUICATIO A!

THE SE"#$COCEPT

Interpla%





Communication and the Self$Concept

Self$concept&relati'el% sta(le setof perceptions %ou

hold of %ourself Self$esteem& part of

the self$concept thatin'ol'es e'aluations

of self$)orth Ho) does hi*h or lo)

self$esteem a+ectcommunication(eha'ior,





Ho) the Self$Concept!e'elops

Re-ected appraisal& Amirrorin* of the

.ud*ments of those

around %ou /Si*ni0cant others&

People )hosee'aluations are

especiall% in-uential Ho) is the self$concept

formed throu*hre-ected appraisal,

2hat are someInterplay , 13th Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor




Ho) the Self$Concept!e'elops

Social comparison&E'aluatin* oursel'esin terms of ho) )e

compare )ith others Reference *roups&

People a*ainst )hom

)e e'aluate ouro)n characteristics





Characteristics of the Self$Concept

The self$concept issu(.ecti'e

2e in-ate andor

underestimate ourself$perception 2h%,

o(solete

information distorted feed(ac4 the m%th of

perfection social e5pectations Interplay , 13th Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor




Characteristics of the Self$Concept

A health% self$concept is-e5i(le

The self$concept resistschan*e Co*niti'e

conser'atism& See4in*

information thatconforms to an e5istin*self$concept





Chan*in* Our Self$Concept

#our re6uirements& Trustin* an appraisal (%

someone )e see ascompetent to o+er it

Appraisal must (epercei'ed as hi*hl%personal

Appraisal must (ereasona(le in li*ht of

)hat )e (elie'e a(outoursel'es

Appraisal must (econsistent and numerous





The Self$#ul0llin*Prophec% and Communication

Self$ful0llin* prophec%& 2hen a person7se5pectations of an e'ent and his or hersu(se6uent (eha'ior (ased on those

e5pectations ma4e the outcome moreli4el% to occur than )ould other)ise ha'e(een the case8

#our sta*es& Holdin* an e5pectation 9for %ourself or

for others: ;eha'in* in accordance )ith that

e5pectation Interplay , 13th Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor




T%pes of Self$#ul0llin*Prophecies

Self$imposed prophecies <our o)n e5pectations

in-uence %our (eha'ior 2hen one person7s

e5pectations *o'ernanother7s actions= )hetherpositi'e or ne*ati'e O(ser'er must

communicate their (elief

for the prediction to ha'ean e+ect





Section >PRESETI? THE SE"#

Interpla%





Identit% Mana*ement

The communicationstrate*ies people

use to in-uenceho) others 'ie)them







Characteristics of Identit%Mana*ement

2e stri'e toconstruct multipleidentities8

Identit%mana*ement iscolla(orati'e8 2e impro'ise

scenes )here ourcharacter reacts)ith others8





Characteristics of Identit%Mana*ement

Identit% mana*ementcan (e deli(erate orunconscious8 2hat situations )ould

re6uire deli(erateidentit% mana*ement,

2e unconsciousl% act insmall pu(lic

performances= ma4in*a particular faciale5pression or usin* aparticular tone of 'oice8





#ace$to$#ace ImpressionMana*ement

Manner 2ords on'er(al

actions Appearance

Personal itemspeople use toshape an ima*e

Settin* Ph%sical items)e use toin-uence ho)others 'ie) us





Impression Mana*ement inSocial Media

The Internet o+ers anopportunit% for people topresent themsel'es in a'ariet% of )a%s8

In mediated identit%mana*ement= ho) do thefactors of manner=appearance= and settin*chan*e,

Ho) do these chan*es

ma4e it easier or morediBcult to mana*eidentit%,

Here7s a 'ideo depictin*online deception8



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36mCV6VtNTY&list=PLzG6Gh3KlJXPcW0w-LHatGslL4gCupJc3&index=4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36mCV6VtNTY&list=PLzG6Gh3KlJXPcW0w-LHatGslL4gCupJc3&index=4



Identit% Mana*ement andHonest%

People sometimesmisrepresentthemsel'es to *ainthe trust of others8

!eception in

c%(erspace iscommon8 There is not onl% one

honest )a% to (eha'ein e'er%circumstance8

Impressionmana*ement in'ol'esdecidin* )hich face@)hich part of %ourself @to re'eal8





Section 3!ISC"OSI? THE SE"#

Interpla%





!isclosin* the Self

Self$disclosure&Information a(outthe self that is

purposefull%communicated toanother person

!istin*uishin*factors of self$disclosure& Honest%

!epth Interplay , 13th Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor




Models of Self$!isclosure

!e*rees of Self$!isclosure& The SocialPenetration Model 9Altman and Ta%lor: T)o dimensions&

;readth of information shared !epth of information shared

!e'elopment of a relationship is a pro*ressionfrom the peripher% of the model to its center

T%pes of information re'ealed&

Clichs@ritualiDed= stoc4 responses #acts Opinions #eelin*s















;ene0ts and Ris4s of Self$!isclosure

;ene0ts& Catharsis Self$clari0cation

Self$'alidation Reciprocit% Impression

formation Relationship

maintenance andenhancement

Moral o(li*ationInterplay , 13th Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor


0 d i 4 f lf



;ene0ts and Ris4s of Self$!isclosure

Ris4s& Re.ection e*ati'e impression !ecrease in relational

satisfaction "oss of in-uence

"oss of control Hurt the other person



? id li f S lf



?uidelines for Self!isclosure

Is the other person important to%ou,

Is the ris4 of disclosin*reasona(le,

Is the self$disclosure appropriate, Is the disclosure reciprocated, 2ill the e+ect (e constructi'e,



Al i S lf



Alternati'es to Self$!isclosure

Silence "%in*

;ene'olent lies@notmalicious

E6ui'ocation E6ui'ocal lan*ua*e&

T)o or moreplausi(le meanin*s

Hintin* See4s to *et desired

response from otherperson





The Ethics of E'asion

Pro'ides a )a% to mana*ediBcult situations

Times )hen honest% isthe ri*ht approach= e'en)hen painful

Consider& Are the e+ects of a lie

)orth the deception, Is the indirect messa*e in

the interest of the recei'er, Is e'asion the onl% )a% to

(eha'e, Ho) )ould others respond

if the% 4ne) )hat %ou )erereall% thin4in*feelin*,


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Interplay, 13e - Chapter 03

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