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7
INTERPRETATION AND REPORT
WRITING
BY SAURABH CHAURASIA
&
AVIJIT MAHATA
PGPM II
WHAT IS INTERPRETATION?
It refers to the task of drawing inferences from the collected facts after an analytical or experimental study
Extracting meaningful information from the data
REASONS FOR INTERPRETATION?
Researcher can well understand the abstract principle that work beneath his finding.
Interpretation leads to the establishment of explanatory concepts that can serve as a guide for future research studies.
It lead to the make others to understand the real significance of his research finding
TECHNIQUES OF DATA INTERPRETATION
Researcher must give reasonable explanations of relations which he has found.
Researcher must interpret the lines of relationships in terms of the underlying processes
Researcher must try to find out the tread of uniformity that lies under the surface layer of his diversified research.
Extraneous information, if collected during the study must considered while interpretation the final results of research study, for it may prove to be a key factor in understanding the problem under consideration.
Take an consultation with some one having insight into the study and point out the omissions and error logically. It’ll lead to the correct interpretation and will enhance the utility of research results.
TECHNIQUES OF DATA INTERPRETATION
TECHNIQUES OF DATA INERPRETATION
Researcher must accomplish the task of interpretation only after considering all relevant factor affecting the problem to avoid false generalization.
Researcher need to be patient while interpretation of data otherwise it’ll lead to inaccurate conclusions.
PRECAUTION IN INTERPRETATION
Researcher must satisfy himself that
Data are appropriate, trustworthy and adequate for drawing inferences.
While interpretation researcher must remain cautious about the errors that can possibly arise in process of interpreting results.
While in the course of research study, there should be constant interaction between initial hypothesis, empirical observation and theoritical conceptions.
REPORT WRITING
It’s considered a major component of the research study for the research task remains incomplete till the report has been presented or written.
It’s explain the significance of writing research report
STEPS IN REPORT WRITING
Logical analysis of subject matter
Preparation of the final outline
Preparation of rough draft
Rewriting and polishing
Preparation of final bibliography
Writing the final draft
TYPES OF REPORT
TECHNICAL REPORT
Format
Your report needs a good Format and structure – it should include most of the following categories:
Heading Page
Content List
Executive Summary
Background / Introduction
Methods
Results
Observations
Conclusions and Appendices
Heading Page
Leave the Report heading page ‘til last!
The report Header needs a lot of thought & first impressions count when looking at a report
It’s the secret to making a simple report look absolutely brilliant! The header is fun to create!
Think about the Layout of the front page:
Size and Style of font
Color of font (the bigger the font enables you to use a lighter color)
Use of images and logos
Use the Report Templates via Microsoft Word™
Contents Page
This is obviously another page you will leave until you have compiled the main body of the report
A contents list is only necessary for a lengthy report
Give each section of your report a title and cross refer this to a page number
Page numbers can be automatically entered by setting the appropriate section of the Microsoft Word™ Header or Footer
Executive Summary
An Executive Summary is a real ‘must’ if your report is a really lengthy one
An executive summary provides bullet points ofall of the main elements of your report
It gives the ‘reader’ a snapshot view of the contents
It ensures that your main points are emphasized
And it conveys a really professional image!
An executive summary is easy to create once you have written the complete report
Background or Introduction
The Background or Introduction section should set the scene for the reader
It should explain why the information in the report has been put together
It should details any problems that have been identified and the effect of any such problems on the content of your report
Results This section should detail the results of the
exercise – the facts. These can be presented in text or tabulation format, depending on the content
If the results are quite short they can be presented within the body of the report
Remember that charts, diagrams or graphs can be exported from Excel or PowerPoint and embedded into the body of the report
If, however , the results are lengthy consider if they would be better placed as an Appendix
Observations Sometimes presenting factual results
is simply not enough
There might be other influences that should be mentioned
You might wish to make your own comments on the subject of the report
Observations are not fact-based and therefore cannot be substantiated
Observations are your views!
Recommendations
This section allows you to make recommendations based on the findings of your report
The recommendations could be for:
Change
Improvement
New Ideas
The recommendations should be based on the findings / results detailed in the report
Conclusions
The ‘How’ factor!
How the implementation of your ideas and
recommendations would improve
Service
Productivity
Performance
Your assessment of the outcomes
Your evaluation of the benefits
It’s your chance to really ‘sell’ your ideas and recommendations to the reader!
Appendix
Appendices allow you to add supporting information to your report. You can attach spreadsheets, forms, questionnaires, tables,charts, articles – in fact anything that willsupport the content of your report
By attaching an Appendix it will allow yourreport to flow, without interruption
Appendices are usually numbered using Roman Numerals – toget the right effect select the font style ‘Times new Roman’ anduse capital letters e.g. Appendix I, Appendix II, Appendix III etc.
Impact
A report is compiled of many different elements
Always keep in mind the Impact of your report on the Reader
The Impact of your report will be dictated by the ‘look’ – so think about it carefully
The ‘look’ can help you create a positive image of the writer – YOU!
End of Report Writing Presentation
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