INTERSECTION CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE ROADWAY INTERSECTION MARKINGS, SIGNS EDUCATION/ENFORCEMENT
High Friction Surface Treatment -
approaches to intersections to
reduce stopping time
Intersection Markings - advanced
warning (including signs, flashing
beacons, transverse rumble strips)
Signal/Optimize Timing - consider
all-red phase, longer yellow
Education - Motorist (include gap
acceptance and intersection
crash frequency in driver
education curriculum)
Lighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements Pavement Marking Improvements
Education - Motorist (include gap
acceptance and intersection
crash frequency for programs
targeting older adult drivers)
Turn Bay and Acceleration Lanes -
high speed rural roads Sign Improvements
Education - Motorist (include gap
acceptance and intersection
crash frequency for programs
targeting young adult drivers)
Roundabouts
Education - Engineers (driveway
regulations in relation to
intersections; coordinate with
city, county, and state engineers)Grade Separation Speed Monitoring Trailer
Turning Restrictions - prohibit right
on red and permissive left turns EnforcementConvert free flow turn lanes (i.e.
slip lanes) to angled turn lanes that
require a stop/yield
EMS - emergency vehicle signal
preemption
ALL SEVERE INTERSECTION
CRASHES
Consider treatments that increase safety for pedestrians and bicyclists that relate to the roadway, intersection, markings, signs, signals,
education, and enforcement (10% of severe intersection crashes involve a person walking or bicycling)
https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/
https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/other_topics/09example_intpln/
https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/systemic/
BICYCLIST CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE ROADWAY INTERSECTION MARKINGS, SIGNS EDUCATION/ENFORCEMENT
Reduce Lane Width Intersection Markings
Pavement Marking Improvements
- driver-focused
Education - Motorist (rules of
the road, share the road)Reduce Number of Lanes (road
diet) Turning Restrictions
Sign Improvements - driver
focused
Education - Bicyclist (active
lighting, rider conspicuity)
Lighting Improvements
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-
cost option: paint + flex posts) School Zone Improvements EnforcementSpeed Table/Hump/Cushion Sight Distance Improvements Signal/Optimize Timing
Raised IntersectionRoundabouts
Reduce Lane Width Intersection Markings
Pavement Marking Improvements
- driver-focused
Education - Motorist (rules of
the road, share the road)Reduce Number of Lanes (road
diet)
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-
cost option: paint + flex posts)
Sign Improvements - driver-
focused
Education - Bicyclist (active
lighting, rider conspicuity)Lighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements School Zone Improvements EnforcementSpeed Table/Hump/Cushion Raised Intersection Install Signal/ Optimize Timing
Roundabouts
Rectangular Rapid Flashing
Beacons (RRFB) (mid-block, trail)Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (mid-
block, trail)
DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD,
SIGNALIZED
DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD,
NON-SIGNALIZED
www.pedbikesafe.org/
www.cmfclearinghouse.org/
www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
BICYCLIST CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE ROADWAY INTERSECTION MARKINGS, SIGNS EDUCATION/ENFORCEMENT
Reduce Lane Width Intersection Markings
Pavement Marking Improvements
- bicyclist-focused
Education - Bicyclist (rules of the
road)Reduce Number of Lanes (road
diet)
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-
cost option: paint + flex posts)
Sign Improvements - bicyclist-
focused Education - MotoristLighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements School Zone Improvements Enforcement
Median/Crossing Island Raised Intersection
Signal/Optimize Timing - "green
wave"Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Roundabouts Bicycle Activated Signal
Bicycle Signal Head
Reduce Lane Width Intersection Markings Pavement Marking Improvements
Education - Bicyclist (rules of the
road)Reduce Number of Lanes (road
diet)
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-
cost option: paint + flex posts)
Sign Improvements - bicyclist
focused Education - MotoristLighting Improvements Sight Distance Improvements School Zone Improvements Enforcement
Median/Crossing Island Roundabouts
Rectangular Rapid Flashing
Beacons (RRFB) (mid-block, trail)
Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Mini Traffic Circles
Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (mid-
block, trail)Raised Intersection
Education - MotoristEducation - BicyclistEnforcement
BICYCLIST FAILURE TO
YIELD, SIGNALIZED
BICYCLIST FAILURE TO
YIELD, NON-SIGNALIZED
DISTRACTED
DRIVING/BICYCLING
www.pedbikesafe.org/
www.cmfclearinghouse.org/
www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
PEDESTRIAN CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE ROADWAY INTERSECTION MARKINGS, SIGNS EDUCATION/ENFORCEMENT
Reduce Lane Width Education - Motorist
Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet)
Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint
+ flex posts) Signal/Optimize Timing
Education - Pedestrian (SRTS, child training,
conspicuity)
Shoulder/Bike Lane
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option:
paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Signal/Timing Enforcement (speed, stop)
Paving Treatments
Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost
option: paint + flex posts) Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI) Speed Monitoring TrailerRaised Median Raised Pedestrian Crossing Advanced Stop Lines School Zone Improvement
Lighting Right Turn on Red RestrictionParking Restrictions Near Intersections Left Turn Phase
Intersection Median Barrier
Puffin Crossing (passive pedestrian detection
to allow more crossing time for older adults
and people with disabilities)Modify Skewed Intersections Sign Improvement - driver-focusedPedestrian Accommodations at Complex
InterchangesCurb RampOverpass/UnderpassRoundabout
Reduce Lane Width Education - Motorist
Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet)
Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint
+ flex posts) Advanced Stop/Yield Lines
Education - Pedestrian (SRTS, child training,
conspicuity)
Shoulder / Bike Lane
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option:
paint + flex posts) Sign Improvement - driver-focused Enforcement (speed, stop)
Paving Treatments
Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost
option: paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Hybrid Beach (HAWK) Speed Monitoring Trailer
Raised Median Raised Pedestrian Crossing Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) School Zone ImprovementSpeed Table/Hump/Cushion Lighting Pedestrian Street
Choker/Chicane/Gateway (quick, low-cost
option: paint + flex posts, or consider
incorporating green street treatments) Parking Restrictions Near IntersectionsMini Circle Intersection Median BarrierTemporary Traffic Calming Installations Modify Skewed Intersections
Landscape
Pedestrian Accommodations at Complex
InterchangesCurb RampOverpass/UnderpassRoundaboutIntersection Median Barrier
Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning signs, advance yield markings)
Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning sign, advance yield markings)
DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD,
SIGNALIZED
DRIVER FAILURE TO YIELD,
NON-SIGNALIZED
www.pedbikesafe.org/
www.cmfclearinghouse.org/
www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
PEDESTRIAN CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE ROADWAY INTERSECTION MARKINGS, SIGNS EDUCATION/ENFORCEMENT
Reduce Lane Width
Education - Pedestrian (distraction,
impairment, SRTS, child training, conspicuity)
Reduce Number of Lanes (road diet)
Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint
+ flex posts) Signal/Optimize Timing
Education - Motorist (yield to pedestrians in
marked and unmarked crosswalks)
Shoulder/Bike Lane
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option:
paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Signal/Timing Enforcement (pedestrians crossing roadway)
Paving Treatments
Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost
option: paint + flex posts) Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI)Raised Median Raised Pedestrian Crossing Advanced Stop Lines
Lighting
Puffin Crossing (passive pedestrian detection
to allow more crossing time for older adults
and people with disabilities)Overpass/Underpass Sign Improvement - pedestrian-focused
Street Furniture
Education - Pedestrian (distraction,
impairment, SRTS, child training, conspicuity)
Diverter
Curb Extension (quick, low-cost option: paint
+ flex posts) Advanced Stop/Yield Lines
Education - Motorist (yield to pedestrians in
marked and unmarked crosswalks)
Full or Partial Street Closure
Curb Radii Reduction (quick, low-cost option:
paint + flex posts) Sign Improvement - pedestrian-focused Enforcement (pedestrians crossing roadway)
Choker/Chicane/Gateway (quick, low-cost
option: paint + flex posts, or consider
incorporating green street treatments)
Pedestrian Crossing Island (quick, low-cost
option: paint + flex posts) Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (HAWK)
Speed Table/Hump/Cushion Raised Pedestrian Crossing Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB)Temporary Traffic Calming Installations Lighting
Parking RestrictionsOverpass/Underpass
Sign Improvement
Education - Pedestrian (distraction,
impairment, SRTS, child training, conspicuity)Education - MotoristLaw Enforcement
DISTRACTED
DRIVING/WALKING
Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning sign, advance yield markings)
Crosswalk Enhancement (high visibility crosswalk, warning sign, advance yield markings)
PEDESTRIAN FAILURE TO
YIELD, SIGNALIZED
PEDESTRIAN FAILURE TO
YIELD, NON-SIGNALIZED
www.pedbikesafe.org/
www.cmfclearinghouse.org/
www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812202-countermeasuresthatwork8th.pdf
DISTRACTED DRIVING CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE ENGINEERING ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION / OUTREACH
Shoulder, edge line, and centerline rumble strips,
wider and brighter striping Increase patrol at nighttime Employer programs
Street lighting
Use Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP)
grants -STEP-WAVE and STEP-COMP Grants Awareness and public information campaigns
Improve infrastructure and roadways to reduce
the number and severity of crashes (wide edge
lines, crosswalks, signage reflectors, markings) Graduated driver licensing (GDL) for new drivers
Employer programs- – Safety apps for company
vehicles and employee vehicles
Increase enforcement of existing laws Awareness and public information campaigns
Screening and testing of elderly drivers and
restrictions Peer-to-peer education campaigns
Educate the consumers, parents, and the public
with age-specific messages, disseminate laws
Re-education and periodic updates for elderly
drivers
Peer to Peer campaigns for teens
Increase enforcement of existing lawsEmployer programs – Safety apps for company
vehicles and employee vehicles
Use Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP)
grants -STEP-WAVE and STEP-COMP Grants
Encourage using technologies such as cell phone
blockers, cell phone disabling devices, voice-to-
text etc. to eliminate using cell phones, other
mobile devices and texting while driving
Identify and disseminate model distracted driving
policiesAwareness and public information campaigns
Conduct education on the risks of distracted
driving using evidence-based strategies to create
a culture of traffic safety
Promote insurance and other incentives for safe
driving
HAND-HELD CELL PHONE USE
WHILE DRIVING (TEXTING,
SENDING EMAILS, TALKING,
ETC.)
NIGHTTIME, DROWSINESS
DISTRACTED PASSENGERS -
TEEN, OLDER ADULTS, NEW
DRIVERS
SPEEDING CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE PLANNING / ENGINEERING LAW / ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION / OUTREACH
Traffic calming measures
Deterrence through regular traffic law
enforcement
Institute a regionwide speed-management
outreach initiative
Roundabouts Publicized enforcement periods
Personal communications and messages
through signs, flyers, community outreachReduce number of lanes (road diet) Aggressive driving laws Roadside messagesTurn bay lanes Increase penalties Speed monitoring trailer
Entrance and exit ramps
Different types and levels of penalties for
violations of laws
Pre-tested campaign messages to the target
audience
Advance warnings (signs, markings, rumble
strips)
Collaborate with law enforcement on the use
of crash data for targeted enforcement
Leverage data for targeted messaging to
groups and geographiesEncourage cities to implement temporary
demonstration of safe design speed projects
in various land use contexts
Disseminate Vision Zero information as
related to speeding, and encourage cities to
adopt a Vision Zero policy and program
Targeted speed limit considering below
instead of 85th percentile speed (NACTO
Guidelines, ITE Urban Thoroughfares report):Road designVulnerable usersTraffic operationsWork zonesLand use and Context
Encourage company policies with speed
regulatory system for commercial vehicles
SPEEDING, AND SPEEDING
IN WORK ZONES
DWI CRASH COUNTERMEASURES
CRASH TYPE LAW / ENFORCEMENT
DWI OFFENDER TREATMENT, MONITORING,
CONTROL PREVENTION EDUCATION / OUTREACH
Continue using Selective Traffic Enforcement
Program (STEP) grants -STEP-WAVE
Encourage programs for alcohol problem
assessment and treatment Control and monitor alcohol sales
Mass media campaigns to inform people
about dangers of driving while impaired
Use a data driven approach to optimize areas Monitor repeating offenders
Increase alcohol taxes and restrictions on
consumption
Educate young drivers through classroom,
news media, advertisements
Enforce Administrative License Revocation or
Suspension (ALR/ALS)
Enforce restrictions on license (courses,
interlock ignition license and suspension, etc.)
Provide and promote alternative
transportation options such as taxi, bus, rail
etc.
Develop and maintain data to identify
correlations between impaired driving
incidents and Alcohol Beverage Control
licensing data by road type, corridor, county
and region
Increase penalties for test refusal, high Blood
Alcohol Content (BAC), repeated offenses etc.
Create local task forces to identify local
actions
Educate the police, community leaders,
public, and traffic safety partners on the role
of regular traffic enforcement
Publicize and enforce laws prohibiting alcohol-
impaired driving
Promote trip planning through apps and
technology
Demonstrate to all road users the magnitude
of the impact of impaired driving crashes
Increase high visibility patrols
Partner with community groups to develop a
comprehensive action plan
Educate medical professionals to inform
patients of the effects of medicationsDedicated DWI courts
Limitations on diversion and plea agreementsCourt monitoring programs for citizens to
monitor court activitiesDevelop training for prosecutors and regular
patrol officers
DWI CRASHES - DRIVING
UNDER INFLUENCE
(ALCOHOL AND DRUG),
RECIDIVISM