Introduccion Teorias de la personalidad Cloning Er 01

8/9/2019 Introduccion Teorias de la personalidad Cloning Er 01

1/34

Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (6th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (201)! published by Pearson. "ll rights reser#ed.

Theories ofPersonality

Power Point Presentation byChristopher T. Arra, Ph.D.

Northern VirginiaCommunity College

This presentation copyright Susan C. Cloninger.Some images are from "oly Cow! #$,$$$

%raphics," by &acmillan Digital Publishing 'SA.


2/34

CHAPTERONE

(ntro)uction to

PersonalityTheory


3/34

Chapter *+er+iew

Personality: The Study of IndividualsDenition of Personality

Description of PersonalityDi-erences etween People/ %roups or %ra)ations0Comparing People or Stu)ying (n)i+i)uals

Personality DynaicsA)aptation an) A)1ustmentCogniti+e ProcessesCulture


4/34


5/34

Personality: The Study of Individuals

De!nition of PersonalityDe!nition of Personalit

y

The un)erlying causes withinthe person of in)i+i)ual beha+ioran) e4perience


6/34

Description of Personality


7/34


Comparing People or Stu)ying (n)i+i)uals0000

Noothetic:Noothetic:comparisons with other in)i+i)uals6research base) on groups of people

comparing +arious people7s scores on a testta8ing a personality test an) seeing if you score)

higher or lower than most people Idio%raphic:Idio%raphic:focuses on one in)i+i)ual

an intensi+e case stu)y of a single in)i+i)uala clinical report about an unusual psychiatric

patient


8/34

Personality Dynaics

Adaptation and

Adjustment

Cogniti#e Processes

Culture

$o% do people adapt

to life&s demands'

$o% does a mentally

healthy person act' hat beha#iors or

thoughts are

unhealthy'


9/34

Personality Dynaics

"daptation and

"dustment

Cognitive Processes

Culture

*o our thoughts affect

our personality'

hat +inds of

thoughts areimportant for

personality'

*o unconscious

processes influence

us'


10/34

Personality Dynaics

"daptation and

"dustment

Cogniti#e Processes

Culture

$o% does culture

influence our

functioning'

*oes culture affect usby its e,pectations for

men and %omen' -or

different classes'


11/34

Personality Developent

iological /nfluences

,perience in

Childhood and

"dulthood

$o% do biological

processes affect

personality'

/s personalityinherited'


12/34


iological /nfluences

Experience in

Childhood and

Adulthood

hat do children

learn that matters for

personality'

*oes childhoode,perience determine

adult personality'

*o adults change' r

has personality been

determined earlier'


13/34

The Scienti!c Approach

method of +no%ing based on

systematic obser#ation

conducting an e,periment to see

%hether an inter#ention

increases selfesteem

correlating defense mechanisms

%ith reports of childhood

e,perience

Scientific method:

Examples:


14/34


the assumption that

phenomena ha#e causes that

can be disco#ered by empiricalresearch

neurotransmitter causes of

e,perience thoughts that influence moods

and choices

Determinism:

Examples:


15/34

Deterinis&&& as ina cheical

i'alance# It(s yparents( fault#)iolence in the

edia#


16/34


T$34T$34

" conceptual tool for understanding

certain specific phenomena


17/34

9e+els of Thin8ing in Theory


18/34

ypotheses Deri+e) :rom a Theoretical Proposition


19/34

C5(T35(A *: A %**D T3*5;

5erifiability

/t can predict correctly or incorrectly (confirmation or

disconfirmation).

Comprehensi#eness

/t applies to a #ariety of phenomena "pplied 5alue

/t helps impro#e life

"pplied research #s. basic research

Parsimony and $euristic 5alue" small number of constructs to e,plain phenomena


20/34

5elationship between theoryan) research

Theory Research


21/34

5elationship between theoryan) research

ideas about personality thatare held by ordinary people

(not based on formal theory)

assuming that attracti#e peopleare %arm and trust%orthy

assuming that $/5 positi#epeople loo+ different from $/5negati#e people

Implicit theories:

Examples:


22/34

"ethods in Personality Research

Personality measurements

3eliability

5alidity7easurement Techni8ues


23/34


repeatability! as %hen a

measurement is repeated at another

time or by another obser#er! %ith

similar results

a correlation bet%een assessment

of e,tra#ersion once and a monthlater sho%s good agreement

t%o raters assess a person&s

beha#ior! %ith similar results

Reliability:

Examples:


24/34


testretest reliability

alternate forms reliability

splithalf reliability

Methods of Reliability Testing:


25/34


desirable characteristic of a

test! indicating that it actually

does measure %hat it isintended to measure

a trait of e,tra#ersion

a fi,ation from childhoodconflict

Validity:

Examples:


26/34


easureent techni*ueseasureent techni*ues

direct selfreport measures! i.e.! 9$o% important

is achie#ement to you'9 (on a 10point scale)

indirect methods openended 8uestions! i.e.! :hat %ould you loo+ for in an

ideal ob';

proecti#e tests! i.e.! in+blots

beha#ioral measures $o% often does the person choose to spend time alone

instead of %ith other people'

$o% often does the student turn in assignments late'


27/34


research method that e,amines the

relationships among measures

research that correlates intelligence

measures %ith career success

research that correlatesmaladustment %ith childhood abuse

Correlationalresearch:

Examples:


28/34


research strategy that manipulates a

cause to determine its effect

manipulating e,posure to tele#ision

#iolence to determine effect onaggressi#e beha#ior

subliminal e,posure to stimuli to

determine effect on symptoms

Experimentalresearch:

Examples:


29/34


7anipulate the #ariable thought to be a:cause!; called the :independent #ariable.;

for e,ample! #iolent #s. non#iolent T5

e,perimental group %atches #iolent T5

control group %atches non#iolent T5

#erything constant e,cept the cause

3andom assignment to control rd #ariables

*oes the :effect; (dependent #ariable) change'

Experimentalresearch:


30/34


case study an intensi#e in#estigation of a single

indi#idual e.g.! clinical obser#ation of one person

psychobiography the application of a personality theory

to the study of an indi#idual&s life theoretical emphasis

Case Studies !sychobiography:


31/34

One Theory or "any# Eclecticis andthe $uture of Personality Theory

combining ideas from a #arietyof theories

accepting symbolic

interpretation of dreams(psychoanalytic) and also effectof reinforcement on beha#ior(learning)

Eclectic:

Examples:


32/34

One Theory or "any# Eclecticis and the$uture of Personality Theory

a basic theoretical model!

shared by #arious theorists and

researchers

beha#ioral perspecti#e

humanistic perspecti#ee#olutionary perspecti#e

!aradigm:

Examples:


33/34


34/34

Chapter suaryChapter suary

Personality: The Study of Individuals


Personality Dynaics




One Theory or "any# Eclecticis and the $uture ofPersonality Theory

Date post:	01-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	recluta
View:	225 times
Download:	0 times

Introduccion Teorias de la personalidad Cloning Er 01

Documents