Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.1
Chapter 1:
Introduction
A case for mobility
History of mobile communication
Market
Areas of research
Mobile Communications SS 2002
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.2
A case for mobility! - Computers for the next 8 years?
Computers are integrated mobile terminals
small, cheap, portable, replaceable - no more separate devices
Technology is in the background
computers are aware of their environment and adapt (“location awareness”)
computers recognize the location of the user and react appropriately
Advances in technology
Much more computing power in smaller devices (Moores Law)
flat, lightweight displays with low power consumption
new user interfaces due to small dimensions; voice, eye movements, etc.
more bandwidth per cubic meter (Broadband; 1-10 Gbps)
multiple wireless interfaces (multiple radios): 4G, 5G, wireless LANs, PAN-
radios, (Bluetooth 5.0), UWB, NFC, ZigBee, regional wireless
telecommunication networks etc.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.3
A case for mobility! - Mobile communication
Two aspects of mobility:
user mobility: users communicate (wireless) “anytime, anywhere, with anyone”
device portability: devices can be connected anytime, anywhere to a network or
several networks at the same time.
Wireless vs. mobile Examples
stationary computer
WiFi Hotsports
3G and 4G terminals
DECT phones (or wireless terminals) at home
The demand for mobile communication creates the need for integration of
wireless networks into existing fixed networks:
local area networks: standardization of IEEE 802.11, ETSI (HIPERLAN)
Internet: Mobile IP extension of the Internet protocol IP
Wide area networks: e.g., internetworking of 3G/4G and Fixed Internet
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.4
Typical application: road traffic
3G/4G, WLAN,
DAB, GSM, Satellite,
cdma2000, TETRA, ...
In the car:
Personal Travel Assistant,
DAB, PDA, Laptop,
GSM, 3G/4G, WLAN,
Bluetooth, ...
WiMAX
20 Mbit/s
3G/4G 100-1000 Mbit/s,
WiFi 200 Mbit/s
FiberLAN 100Gbits/s
3G/4G 10 Mbits/s
WiFi 200 Mbit/s,
WiMAX 20 Mbit/s
3G/4G 100 Mbit/s
Bluetooth 10 Mbit/s
3G/4G 100-1000 Mbit/s,
WLAN 300 Mbit/s
VDSL 100 Mbit/s
FTTH 1Gbit/s
In the garden:
WLAN,
300 Mbit/s
Home
Handover
Always best connected
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.6
Location dependent services
Location aware services
what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local
environment?
Follow-on services
automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the
current location
Information services
„push“: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket
„pull“: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cherry Cake?
Privacy
who should gain knowledge about the location
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.7
Wireless networks in comparison to fixed networks
Higher loss-rates due to interference
Restrictive regulations of frequencies
Lower transmission rates
Higher delays, higher jitter
Lower security
Always shared medium
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.8
Chapter 1:
Introduction
A case for mobility
History of mobile communication
Market
Areas of research
Mobile Communications SS 2002
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.9
History of wireless communication I
1895 Guglielmo Marconi
first demonstration of wireless telegraphy (digital!)
long wave transmission, high transmission power necessary (> 200kW)
1907 Commercial transatlantic connections
huge base stations (thirty 100m high antennas)
1915 Wireless voice transmission New York - San Francisco
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.10
History of wireless communication II
1979 NMT at 450MHz (Scandinavian countries)
1992 Start of GSM
1997 Wireless LAN - IEEE802.11
2001 Start of 3G systems
“Cdma2000” in Korea, “UMTS” in Europe
and “Foma” (almost UMTS) in Japan
GSM Evolution
CDMA Roadmap
Three 3G-standards
1
2
3
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.14
Chapter 1:
Introduction
A case for mobility
History of mobile communication
Market
Areas of research
Mobile Communications SS 2002
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.15
Telephony and Internet
Today more than 5 billion subscribers world wide!
GSM + UMTS more than 4 billion subscribers world wide!
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.17
Estimation of China Mobile Market Subscribers Growth
(made in 2003)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Su
bsc
rib
ers
(M
n)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Pe
ne
tra
tio
n (
%)
Subscribers (Million) Penetra tion
720
51%
In 2010 there were 833,100,000 mobile subscribers in China!
South Korea
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.20
Chapter 1:
Introduction
A case for mobility
History of mobile communication
Market
Areas of research
Mobile Communications SS 2002
Areas of Research
Increase the number of bits per Hertz
Increase coverage in a cost efficient way
Focus on ”Plug and Play”
The Home Network
User Interfaces
Much higher frequences
Beyond IP
New network concepts like, Mesh Networking and Sensor Networks
Focus on user oriented services, like Apple Store, Youtube, Skype, …
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.22
Simple reference model used here
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Medium
Data Link
Physical
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Data Link
Physical
Network Network
Radio
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 1.23
Influence of mobile communication to the layer model
service location
new applications, multimedia
adaptive applications
congestion and flow control
quality of service
addressing, routing, device location
hand-over
authentication
media access
multiplexing
media access control
encryption
modulation
interference
attenuation
frequency
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
