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CETTM MTNL 1 Introduction to Cisco IOS INTRODUCTION TO CISCO IOS MODULE ID: ICCNIOS003
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1Introduction to Cisco IOS
INTRODUCTION TO CISCO IOS
MODULE ID: ICCNIOS003
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2Introduction to Cisco IOS
Topics Covered
1. Router2. Router IOS3. Bringing up Router4. Configuring CISCO IOS5. Basic commands6. Setting passwords7. How to assign IP address8. Setup mode of Router
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3Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router
Router is a device that performs
Controlled movement of packets
Selection of best path
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4Introduction to Cisco IOS
Cisco Router Series
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5Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router
Router in Lab : Cisco 2811 Router
#show flash
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6Introduction to Cisco IOS
A Cisco 2501 router
The 2501 router has two serial interfaces: one for WAN connection and one Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection for a 10Mbps Ethernet network connection. This router also has one console and one auxiliary connection via RJ-45 connectors.
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7Introduction to Cisco IOS
A Cisco 2600 router
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8Introduction to Cisco IOS
Cisco Router IOS
Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork OperatingSystem) is the software used on the vast majority ofCisco Systems routers and all current Cisco networkswitches.
The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is the kernel of Cisco routers and most switches.
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9Introduction to Cisco IOS
Functions of Cisco Router IOS
Carrying network protocols and functions. Connecting high-speed traffic between
devices. Adding security to control access and stop
unauthorized network use. Providing scalability for ease of network
growth and redundancy. Supplying network reliability for connecting
to network resources.
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10Introduction to Cisco IOS
Cisco Router IOS
Latest Cisco IOS Version today is 15.0Cisco skipped version 13.0 and 14.0
Cisco Lab 2811 Router has IOS version 12.4(3f) IOS Image name is : c2801-ipbasek9-mz.151-1.XB.bin
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11Introduction to Cisco IOS
Hardware
Feature set
Memory location
Compression format
Maintenance release
Individual release
T-release
c3725-entbase-mz.124-6.T.bin
Cisco Router IOS
IOS file stored in flash memory
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12Introduction to Cisco IOS
Connecting to a Cisco Router
The Cisco IOS can be accessed Out-of-Band
through the console port of a router, from a modem into the auxiliary (or Aux)
port In-Band
through Telnet Web Based SDM( Security Device manager) Cisco Network Assistant
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Bringing Up a Router
Software Components in Memory
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14Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router Boot Process At a Glance1. ROM
1. POST2. Bootstrap code executed3. Check Configuration
Register value (NVRAM) 0 = ROM Monitor mode 1 = ROM IOS 2 - 15 = startup-config in NVRAM
2. Check for IOS boot system commands in startup-config file (NVRAM)1. If boot system commands in startup-config
a. Run boot system commands in order they appear in startup-config to locate the IOS
b. If boot system commands fail, use default fallback sequence to locate the IOS (Flash, TFTP, ROM)
1, 2
3
4
Bringing Up a Router
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Bringing Up a Router
3. Locate and load IOS, Default fallback sequence: No IOS boot system commands in startup-configa. Flash (sequential)b. TFTP server (netboot) - The router uses the configuration
register value to form a filename from which to boot a default system image stored on a network server.
c. ROM (partial IOS) or keep retrying TFTP depending upon router model If no IOS located, get partial IOS version from ROM
4. Locate and load startup-configa. If startup-config found, copy to running-configb. If startup-config not found, prompt for setup-modec. If setup-mode bypassed, create a skeleton default running-
config (no startup-config)
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16Introduction to Cisco IOS
Bringing Up a Router
Router Power-on Boot Sequence
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17Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router Power-On/Bootup Sequence Summary Perform power-on self test (POST). Load and run bootstrap code. Find the Cisco IOS software. Load the Cisco IOS software. Find the configuration. Load the configuration. Run the configured Cisco IOS software
Bringing Up a Router
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18Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring Cisco IOS
Cisco IOS can be configured in two ways Setup mode Command line Interface (CLI)
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19Introduction to Cisco IOS
Overview of Router Modes
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20Introduction to Cisco IOS
CLI Prompts
Router>Router# privilidge modeRouter(config)# config modeRouter(config-if)# Interface modeRouter(Config-subif)# Sub-interface modeRouter(config-controller) # controller modeRouter(config-line)# line modeRouter(config-router)# Router prompt
? at the CLI prompt gives list of all the command available from that prompt
You can complete a command string by entering the unique character string, then pressing the Tab key
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21Introduction to Cisco IOS
Editing and Help FeaturesRouter# clokTranslating "CLOK"% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router# cl?clear clock
Router# clock% Incomplete command.
Router# clock ?set Set the time and date
Router# clock set% Incomplete command.
Router# clock set ?hh:mm:ss Current Time
Symbolic Translation Command Prompting Last Command Recall
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22Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router# clock set 19:56:00% Incomplete command.
clock set 19:56:00 ? Day of the monthMONTH Month of the year
clock set 19:56:00 04 8 ^% Invalid input detected at the '^' marker
clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Incomplete command.
clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? Year
Command Prompting
Syntax Checking Command
Prompting
Editing and Help features
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23Introduction to Cisco IOS
Command MeaningCtrl + F Moves Forward one characterEsc + F Moves Forward one wordCtrl + D Deletes a single character
Backspace Deletes a single characterCtrl + R Redisplays a lineCtrl + U Erases a lineCtrl + W Erases a wordCtrl + Z Ends configuration mode and returns to EXEC
Tab Finishes typing a command for you
Editing and Help featuresEnhances Editing Commands
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Command Meaning
Ctrl + F or Up Arrow Shows last command entered
Ctrl + F or Down Arrow Shows previous command entered
show historyShows last ten commands entered by
default
show terminalShows terminal configuration and
history buffer size
terminal history size Changes buffer size (max 256)
Editing and Help featuresRouter-Command History
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25Introduction to Cisco IOS
Gathering Basic Routing information
show version command show diag command
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26Introduction to Cisco IOS
Gathering Basic Routing Info
Router#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-JS-M), Version 12.0(7a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 05-Feb-02 01:48 by pwadeImage text-base: 0x80008088, data-base: 0x80B0404C
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 1 minuteSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2600-js-mz.120-7a.bin"
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Gathering Basic Routing Info
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x300) with 53248K/12288K bytes of memory.Processor board ID JAD06090BMD (2719249260)M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49Bridging software.X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.SuperLAT software (copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp).TN3270 Emulation software.
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28Introduction to Cisco IOS
Gathering Basic Routing Info
Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.1.1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s)32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102
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Router and Switch
Administrative Functions
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30Introduction to Cisco IOS
Hostname & Banners
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31Introduction to Cisco IOS
Setting Passwords
There are five passwords used to secure your Cisco routers:
Privilege Mode Password enable password enable secret.
User Mode Password console auxiliary telnet (VTY)
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Enable passwords
enable and secret passwords must be different for security reasons.
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33Introduction to Cisco IOS
Auxiliary Password
Router#config t
Router(config)#line aux ? First Line number
Router(config)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)#password mypassword
Router(config-line)#login
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Console Password
Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous
Prevents console session timeout
Redisplays interrupted console input
Router#config tRouter(config)#line console ? First Line numberRouter(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#password mypasswordRouter(config-line)#login
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Telnet Password
Router#config t
Router(config)#line vty 0 ?
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#password mypassword
Router(config-line)#login
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36Introduction to Cisco IOS
Encrypting Your Passwords
Router#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#service password-encryption
Router(config)#^Z
Note:- If you set your passwords and then turn on the service password-encryption command, youve got to perform a show running config before you turn off the encryption service, or your passwords will not be encrypted
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Description
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38Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#exit
Quits from current interface configuration mode
Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#
For modular routers, selects an interface
Router Interfaces
type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, tunnel, and so onnumber is used to identify individual interfaces
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Bringing Up an Interface
Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
Enables an interface that is administratively shut down
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40Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring IP Address on an Interface
router01#configure terminalrouter01(config)#interface ethernet 0router01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0router01(config-if)#no shutdownrouter01(config-if)#exit
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Enter Global Configuration Mode
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#
Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#
Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#
Specify Interface
Set Clock Rate (on DCE interfaces only)
Set Bandwidth (recommended)
Serial Interface Commands
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Determining Serial Cable type
Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
.
Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
. V.35 DTE Cable
Shows the cable type of serial cables
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Viewing Configuration
router01#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!
-- More --
router01#show running-configBuilding configuration...Current configuration:!version 12.0!
-- More --
In NVRAMIn RAM
Displays the current and saved configuration
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Saving Configuration
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45Introduction to Cisco IOS
Verification
By checking connectivity : ping, traceroute, telnet Show command
show interface show interface fastethernet0/0 show interface serial 0/0 show ip interface brief show protocols show controllers
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Interpreting the Interface Status
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Verifying a Serial Interface Configuration
Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
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48Introduction to Cisco IOS
Verifying a Serial Interface Configuration
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec (output omitted)
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Serial Interface show controller Command
Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable......
Shows the cable type of serial cables
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Setup Mode
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51Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router#setup
--- System Configuration Dialog ---Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: yesAt any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: no
Setup: The Initial Configuration Dialog
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52Introduction to Cisco IOS
Setup Interface Summary
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolBRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down downEthernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downSerial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolBRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down downEthernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downSerial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Interfaces Found During Startup
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Setup Initial Global Parameters
Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [Router]:router01 The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: mtnlsec The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: mtnlpass The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: mtnltel Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:
Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [Router]:router01 The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: mtnlsec The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: mtnlpass The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: mtnltel Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:
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Setup Interface ParametersBRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : [0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI. [1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany
[2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada[3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for
US/Canada [4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe
[5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type[6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia[7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan[8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:
Configuring interface parameters:Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: yes Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:
BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : [0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI. [1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany
[2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada[3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for
US/Canada [4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe
[5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type[6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia[7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan[8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:
Configuring interface parameters:Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: yes Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:
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Cisco Routers SeriesCisco 12000 Series Routers Cisco 10700 Series Routers Cisco 10000 Series Routers Cisco 7600 Series Routers Cisco 7500 Series Routers Cisco 7300 Series Routers Cisco 7200 Series Routers Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers Cisco 3700 Series Multiservice Access Routers Cisco 3600 Series Multiservice Platforms Cisco 3200 Series Wireless and Mobile Routers Cisco 2800 Series Integrated Services Routers Cisco 2600 Series Multiservice Platforms Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers Cisco 1700 Series Modular Access Routers Cisco 800 Series Routers
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A deployment Scenario
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57Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router Startup Sequence The purpose of the router power-on/bootup sequence
is to not only verify the operation of hardware but also load the correct IOS and configuration file.
The router follow a predefined set of steps when booting, listed below: When the router is first powered-on, it executes the
Power-on self test or POST These diagnostics are located in ROM and
verify the proper operation of the routers hardware
If the router passes the POST, the bootstrap loader in ROM executes
The bootstrap loader provides capability to load the IOS
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Router Startup Sequence Now the router is ready to load the operating system,
Ciscos IOS The IOS can be found in several different places,
flash, TFTP, or ROM. The boot field of the configuration register will indicate the location of the IOS image
After the operating system is loaded and operational, the configuration file from NVRAM is then loaded and executed If you erase the configuration from NVRAM you
can observe the process of first checking for a TFTP server and then entering a question driven setup menu when the TFTP server is not found
Use Control to exit the setup menu
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Default Sequence
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Setting Passwords
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Console Password
Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous
Prevents console session timeout
Redisplays interrupted console input
Router(config)# line console ? First Line numberRouter(config)# line console 0Router(config-line)# password mypasswordRouter(config-line)# login
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SUMMARY
1. We came to know that how a router look like and its booting sequence .
2. Network devices are configured using CLI mode.3. To save the configuration running-config is saved to
startup-config.4. There are enable, console, telnet , Auxiliary and
secret passwords.5. IP address are always assigned to an interface.6. When the router is new there is only one way to
configure it is using console.7. Basic commands to view the configuration.
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REFERENCE
1. en.wikipedia.org2. cisco.com3. http://www.ccnaguru.com/bringing-up-a-router.html4. Sybex CCNA 640-802 6th Edition.pdf
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