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Introduction toCross Sectional Anatomy
Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M)20th WCEC Student-Educator –
Radiographer Seminar
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ABDOMEN Musculo-Skeletal
System Psoas muscle Crura of Diaphragm Vertebra Ilium Pubic Ribs
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ABDOMEN
Digestive system Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs
• Liver & gall bladder• Bile ducts• Pancreas
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Esophagus Anterior to vertebral
bodies; aorta Posterior & medial to
stomach Stomach Fundus-superior to EG
junction; very posterior
Body-more anterior than fundus
Pylorus-retroperitoneal & medial
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Small Intestine Duodenum-
retroperitoneal Jejunum-anterior
midabdomen Ileum-anterior in pelvis Large intestine Cecum-retroperitoneal Ascending colon-
retroperitoneal Hepatic flexure-posterior Transverse colon-most
anterior Splenic flexure-most
superior
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Descending colon-retroperitoneal
Sigmoid colon-anterior
Rectum-retroperitoneal
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Accessory Organs Liver Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe
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Gall bladder Pancreas
Head Tail Body
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Lymphatic System Spleen
LUQ Posterior to
stomach
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Endocrine System Adrenal Glands
Retroperitoneal Superior poles of
kidneys
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Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra
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KidneysRetroperitonealCortex-doughnutRt-post. to liverLt-post. to stomach,
pancreas, spleen
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Ureters Retroperitoneal Ant. to IIA & IIV;
Post. to EIA & EIV Urinary Bladder Post. to symphysis Urethra
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Vascular System Arterial Phase Venous Phase Hepatic-Portal
system
Veins larger in diameter
Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries
Lower abd/Pelvis-arteries anterior to veins
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Arterial Phase Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric a. Renal a. Inferior mesenteric a. Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. External iliac a
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ABDOMEN Abdominal Aorta
Fairly midline Celiac Trunk Branches: Left Gastric artery Splenic artery Hepatic artery
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Superior Mesenteric Artery Just below Celiac Same level as Lt
renal vein entering IVC
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Renal Arteries Inferior to SMA Rt-longer Lt-superior to Rt
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Common Iliac Arteries Bifurcation of
Aorta Level of L4 Superior to
formation of IVC
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Internal iliac arteries Posterior to
external External iliac
arteries
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ABDOMEN Venous Phase
Inferior vena cava Renal v. Common iliac v. Internal iliac v. External iliac v.
Hepatic-Portal System Hepatic v. Portal v. Splenic v. Superior mesentaric v. Inferior mesentaric v.
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Internal & External Iliac veins
Common Iliac veins
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Inferior Vena Cava Ascends on Rt
side of Aorta Largest vein Retroperitoneal
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Renal veins Lateral aspects of
IVC Lt-longer;
Anterior to aorta
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Hepatic veins Drain into IVC Superior to Portal
vein Most superior of
liver vessels
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Hepatic Portal System Porta Hepatis Portal vein:
IMV SMV Splenic vein
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CHEST Cardiovascular
System Heart Great vessels
• Aorta• Superior vena cava• Inferior vena cava• Pulmonary artery• Pulmonary vein
Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung
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Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung
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Heart 4 chambers
• Right atrium• Right ventricle• Left atrium• Left ventricle
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Right Atrium most superior
Right Ventricle most anterior
Left Atrium most posterior
Left ventricle most inferior
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Arterial Phase Aortic arch
• Brachiocephalic a.• R Common
carotid a.• R Subclavian a.
• L Common carotid a.
• L Subclavian a.
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Anterior to Posterior off Aortic Arch:
Brachiocephalic A. L Subclavian A. L Common Carotid A.
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Aortic Arch Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta
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Venous Phase Superior vena cava
• R & L Brachiocephalic v.
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Superior Vena Cava
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Pulmonary Phase Pulmonary
trunk/artery• R & L Pulmonary
Arteries
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Pulmonary veins 2 from Right 2 from Left
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CHEST Musculo-Skeletal
System Pectoral muscle
• Major• Minor
Sternum Vertebra Ribs Clavicle Scapula