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Introduction to mass and energy balance calculationsABDUL HALIM/TRI PRIJADI BASUKI
What Will we learn?
Material Need
Material Accompanie
d in the Process
UNITS AND DIMENSIONSWhat are units and dimensions and how do they differ?
Mathematical Operation of Units and Dimensions
Solve these problems1. 1 kg + 100 gram = 2. 4 kg 2 m=3. 5 m + 7 s =
Conversion of Units and Conversion Factors
Never forget that the pound (mass) and pound (force) are not the same units in the American Engineering system
Dimensional Consistency
A basic principle exists that equations must be dimensionally consistent
molThe amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12
A mole is composed of 6.02 1023
g mol, kg mol, lb mol
DensityDensity is the ratio of mass per unit volume
Specific Gravity and Specific Volume
Calculation of density by specific gravityCalculation of mass and mole by specific gravity
Concentration
Mole fraction
Mass fraction
In pulp industry, Many terms of chemicals is expressed as Na2O
Flow rate
Kg/sm3/s
Temperature and Pressure
gauge pressure + barometer pressure = absolute pressure
Term Used in Alkaline Pulping1. Total Chemical
2. Total alkali
3. Total titratable alkali
4. Active alkali
5. Activity
6. Effective alkali
7. Causticizing efficiency
8. Causticity
9. Sulfidity
10. Reduction
11. Unreduction salt cake
12. Chemical consumtion
13. Chemical recovery
14. Chemical loss
referenceHimmelblau, D. M., 2004, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering 6th ed, Printice Hall, New Jersey
Casey, J. P., 1960, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology 2nd ed IntersciencePublishers, New York