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INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY II
(PAGES: 16-41)
Definition: Shared patterns of learned behavior Components:
Beliefs Institutions Technology
REGIONS & CULTUREWhat people care about? What people take care of?
*Ethnicity- language, religion, traditions *Conflicts
A wide-ranging and comprehensive field that studies spatial aspects of human cultures
Major components focus on:
Cultural Landscapes
Culture Hearths
Cultural Diffusion
Cultural Environments
Culture Regions
Not mutuallyexclusive - constantly
interacting witheach other
CULTURAL GEOGRAPHYA visible character of a region in many ways: architecture,forms of transportation, clothing of people, religion, etc.
The composite of human imprints on the earth’s surface.
Carl Sauer’s definition: “the forms superimposed on the physical landscape by the activities of man”
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
The source areas from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond
CULTURE HEARTH
Church of the Nativity: Bethlehem
SEQUENT OCCUPANCE
E.J.PALKA
A subfield within the human branch of geography
The study of the interaction of geographical area and political process
The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
World Political Boundaries (2007)
Fig. 1-2: National political boundaries are among the most significant elements of the cultural landscape
A politically organized territory
Administered by a sovereign government
Recognized by a significant portion of the international community.
A state must also contain:
a permanent resident population
an organized economy
a functioning internal circulation system
STATEBoundaries (changes- Germany,Cold war), capital cities
Must a nation be a
place?
Some examples of stateless nations: the Cherokee Nation, the Kurds, the Palestinians
NATION
THE KURDS
KURDISH REGION
A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity
NATION - STATE
An Example of An Example of a Nation-State: a Nation-State:
JapanJapan
Other Examples?Other Examples?
4 major clusters
1) East Asia 2) South Asia3) Europe 4) Eastern North America
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
Economic geographyEconomic conditions (World Bank’s groupings)
•High-Income•Upper-middle-income•Lower-middle-income•Low-income
Core areas versus peripheries
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
Symptoms of underdevelopment
High NIR Short life expectancy High IMR Low urban rates Low literacy rates Small income Poor health & sanitation National debt Mismanagement &
corruption
Causes of contrast Climate & human capacity,
environmental degradation Overpopulation Cultural heritage- resistance to
change Colonial exploitation Neocolonialism & distribution
of natural resources High tariffs against the
products of poorer countries Foreign interference Mismanagement Globalization- positives and
negatives
Globalization and terrorism
Globalization- A New Revolution
The march of international capitalism, open market, and a free trade.
World Trade Organizations It simulates commerce,
brings jobs to remote places (US jobs).
Globalization in culture- Americanization
Negatives and positives
INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY II
(PAGES: 16-41)