Date post: | 15-Dec-2015 |
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Learning Objectives and Disclosure Information
• Upon completion of this workshop, participants should be able to:
• Set up a sampling station to collect airborne pollen and fungal spore
• Recognize the most common types of pollen found in the atmosphere
• Recognize the most common types of fungal spores found in the atmosphere
• No conflicts to disclose
Fungal Life Styles
• Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs
• As absorptive heterotrophs they exist as– Pathogens– Mutualistic symbionts– Saprobes
Most of the common airborne fungi are saprobes naturally occurring on leaf surfaces, decaying plant material, or in soil
Spore Release Mechanisms
• PASSIVE: Frequently related to wind speed and turbulence – include members of the “Dry Air Spora” which peak in the afternoon
• ACTIVE: Generally require moisture – common mechanism for ascospores and basidiospores– Basidiospores most abundant in predawn hours– Ascospores most abundant during or following rain;
however, a number of ascospores only require high humidity and are abundant in predawn hours
Sporangium Conidia on hyphae
Sporangiospore or just “spore”
Conidium
Sporangiophore Conidiophore
Types of Asexual Spores
ZYGOMYCOTA -- Zygospores
ASCOMYCOTA -- Ascospores
BASIDIOMYCOTA -- Basidiospores
ASEXUAL FUNGI -- Conidia - mold spores
Asexual Fungi
• Constitute an artificial group based only on asexual spores
• Most are members of the Ascomycota with a small percent members of the Basidiomycota
• Also called– Deuteromycetes– Imperfect Fungi (Fungi Imperfecti)– Mitosporic Fungi– Anamorphic Fungi– Mold Spores
Ascomycota
• Many members of the Ascomycota develop asci within a fruiting body.
• Fruiting bodies often called ascocarps
• Ascocarps can be– Flask-shaped– Cup-shaped– Other
Basidiomycota• The most conspicuous fungi in
the environment• Basidiospores are typically
produced in a large fruiting body such as– Mushrooms
– Bracket Fungi
– Puffballs
Rusts and Smuts
• Basidiomycota also includes two groups of fungi that lack fruiting bodies
• Rust fungi and smut fungi
• Important pathogens on both native and cultivated plants