Introdution to GIS in Water Resources

8/12/2019 Introdution to GIS in Water Resources

1/59

Lecture 1

Introduction to the

Course Contents

GIS in Water ResourcesFall 2011


2/59

Welcome to CE G0800Course Webpage

http://daisy/ccny.cuny.edu/~michael => courses


3/59

Welcome to CE G0800Course Webpage:

- Projects- HWs

- Standings

- Syllabus

- Rules & Regs- Readings


4/59

Welcome to CE G0800Projects:

- What I expect- How I grade

- Suggestions

- File Sharing


5/59

Welcome to CE G0800First line of business:

Get yourself an

inYourClass

account and sign up

for (or join) the link

for this class.

We will use this tool for

communicating and

posting projects andPPTx for everybody

to see and use. This is

an integral part of the

course philosophy.http://www.inyourclass.com/default.aspx


6/59

Welcome to CE G0800

Goto Classes, then browse for Department, and

join CE G0800; passwd: redmond

Join CE G0800 GIS in Watr Res


7/59

ArcGISHow do you get access to ArcInfo 10.0?

1. Alternative

- go to Steinman 424 the GIS/RS Lab

- we recently upgraded the machines

- please check if you need a code2. Alternative

- install a one-year free license on your computer

- you need about 5 GigaByte worth of space

- for instructions: check out the course page- in you need one see me for a license key

3. Caveat!

Do NOT use this installation for commercial purposes!


8/59

Course OverviewCourse Objectives:

Plot a map of a hydrologic region including measurement sites and associate it

with timeseries of data measured at those locations;

Develop a Hydrologic Information System that links time series of water

observations to locations where the measurements are made;

Create a base map of a study region including watersheds, streams, and aquifers by

selecting features from regional maps;

Interpolate measured data at points to form raster surfaces over a region, and

spatially average those surfaces over polygons of interest;

Do hydrologic calculations using map algebra on raster grids and build a geometricnetwork for streams and rivers;

Analyze a digital elevation model of land surface terrain to derive watersheds and

stream networks;

Use remote sensing information in ArcGIS


9/59

Course OverviewProject:

Key to this class!!

Show me what you learned and how you applied it to a problem of your choosing.

Sophistication, coolness factor , and ability to expand of what you learned by adding

other things to it will determine outcome.

Can you think independently and develop solutions to problems while learning

autoditactically?

You need to write a report (70% content, 30% presentation) worth 26%

You need to present in class to your fellow students worth 10%

You need to evaluate your fellow students (and be evaluated for it) worth 4%

For a total of 40% of your final grade. You better be good!


10/59

Course OverviewGrading:

Final Exam 35%

The final exam will be a take home exam that will be

handed out during the last class and be due one

week later.

Homeworks 25%The homeworks are due either 1 or 2 weeks after

they have been assigned. No late HW!

Project Report 30%

By end of September you need to submit a proposal

for the term project. This is mandatory! No proposalno class.

Project

Presentation 10%

These will be scheduled during the last two class

sessions and be organized by the students.


11/59

Course OverviewRules:

Homework problems are due on the date shown on the hand out. Late submissions

will be subject to penalties. Also, there will be no make up exam in this class or the

use of incomplete grades resulting from missing out on submitting one or several of

the grade building components.

All problem sets are to be completed on your own, except stated otherwise. You are

allowed to consult with other students in the current class during theconceptualization of a problem but all written work whether in scrap or final form

is to be generated by yours truly alone. You are strongly discouraged to discuss the

problems with previous class members, nor anyone else who has significant

knowledge of the details of the problem set.

I will not take attendance for this class as I assume that you are mature enough to

make your own decisions as to whether class presence is an important learning

environment for you or not. I do reserve the right to change the schedule and also

the HW assignments with sufficient prior notice to you.


12/59

GIS in Water Resources

In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features

GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map


13/59

Six Basic Course Elements

Lectures Powerpoint slides

(Video streaming)

Readings Arc Hydro: GIS in

Water Resources and

other materials

Homework

Computer exercises

Hand exercises

Term Project Oral presentation

HTML report

Class Interaction Email

Discussion

Examinations Midterm, final


14/59

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1


GIS and HIS

Curved earth and a flat map


15/59

Geographic Data Model

Conceptual Model a set of concepts that describea subject and allow reasoning about it

Mathematical Model a conceptual modelexpressed in symbols and equations

Data Model a conceptual model expressed in adata structure (e.g. ascii files, Excel tables, ..)

Geographic Data Model a conceptual model for

describing and reasoning about the worldexpressed in a GIS database


16/59

Data Model

based onInventory of

data layers


17/59

Spatial Data: Vector format

Point- a pair of x and y coordinates(x1,y1)

Line - a sequence of points

Polygon - a closed set of lines

Node

vertex

Vectordata are defined spatially:


18/59

Themes or Data Layers

Vector data: point, line or polygon features


19/59

Kissimmee watershed, Florida

Themes


20/59

Attributes of a Selected Feature


21/59

Raster and Vector Data

Point

Line

Polygon

Vector Raster

Rasterdata are described by a cell grid, one value per cell

Zone of cells


22/59

http://srtm.usgs.gov/srtmimagegallery/index.html

Santa Barbara, California


23/59

How do we combine these data?

Digital Elevation

ModelsWatersheds Streams Waterbodies


24/59

An integrated

raster-vectordatabase


25/59



GIS and HIS



26/59

Linking Geographic Information Systems andWater Resources

GIS Water

Resources


27/59

Point Water Observations TimeSeries

Apointlocationinspace Aseriesofvaluesintime


28/59

RainfallWater quantity

Meteorology

Soil water

Groundwater

ThisSystemIntegratesManyTypesofWaterObservationsData

Water quality


29/59

A Key Challenge

GIS

Water Environment(Watersheds, streams,

gages, sampling points)

How to connect water environment with water observations

Time Series Data

Water Observations(Flow, water level

concentration)


30/59

CUAHSI Member Institutions

139MembersasofAugust2012


31/59

Hydrologic Information SystemGoals

Data Access providing better access to a

large volume of high quality hydrologic

data;

Hydrologic Observatories storing andsynthesizing hydrologic data for a region;

Hydrologic Science providing a stronger

hydrologic information infrastructure;

Hydrologic Education bringing more

hydrologic data into the classroom.


32/59

This is Enabled by WaterMLA Web Language for Water Observations Data

. . .Adopted by USGS, and other agencies for Publishing Some of their Data

GetValues Response in WaterML


33/59

The CUAHSI Data Catalog Integrates

Multi Source Water Data Services

. . . The Worlds Largest Water Data Catalog

47services 15,000variables 1.8millionsites 9millionseries 4.3billiondata

Values

Map Integrating NWIS, STORET, & Climatic Sites


34/59

Three Basic Internet Components:Catalog, Server, User Linked by HTML

Catalog

UserServer

HTML


35/59

CUAHSI HIS ComponentsLinked by WaterML

Catalog

UserServer

WaterML


36/59

Organize Water Data Into Themes

Integrating Water Data Services From Multiple Agencies

. . . Across Groups of Organizations


37/59

Bringing Water Into GIS

Thematic Maps of Water Observations as GIS Layers

Groundwater

Salinity

Streamflow

Unified access to water data in Texas .


38/59

Arc Hydro: GIS for WaterResources

Arc Hydro

An ArcGIS data

model for water resources

Arc Hydro toolsetfor implementation

Framework for linking

hydrologic simulation models

The Arc Hydro data models and

application tools are in the public

Domain.

Published in 2002, now in revision for Arc Hydro II


39/59

GIS for Water Resources

ESRI has site for Natural Resources

-> Water Resources


40/59

Arc HydroHydrographyThe blue lines on maps


41/59

Arc HydroHydrologyThe movement of water through the hydrologic system


42/59

Integrating Data Inventory usinga Behavioral Model

Relationships betweenobjects linked by tracing path

of water movement


43/59

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Hydro Network

Channel System

Drainage System

Arc Hydro Components

H d l i I f ti S t


44/59

Hydrologic Information System

Analysis, Modeling,

Decision Making

Arc HydroGeodatabase

A synthesis of geospatial and temporal data supporting hydrologic

analysis and modeling


45/59

Appeared in2011


46/59


47/59


48/59


49/59



GIS and HIS



50/59

Origin of Geographic Coordinates

(0,0)Equator

Prime Meridian


51/59

Latitude and Longitude

Longitude line (Meridian)N

S

W E

Range: 180W - 0 - 180E

Latitude line (Parallel)N

S

W E

Range: 90S - 0 - 90N(0N, 0E)

Equator, Prime Meridian Royal Observatory,Greenwich


52/59

Latitude and Longitudein North America

90 W

New York City:

Logan:

Lincoln:

(4042' 51" N, 74023" W)

(4144' 24" N, 11150' 9" W)

40 50 59 96 45 0

(4050' 59" N, 9645' 0" W)


53/59

Latitude and Longitudein North America

90 W

So what is what?

Each degree = 40,000km /360

= 111.11km

at equator!

Less when moving towards

N and S-pole

Each Minute = 111.11/60

1 Nautic Mile = 1.852km

Each Second = 1.852/60

= 0.0309km = 30.9m


54/59

Map Projection

Curved Earth

Geographic coordinates: ,(Latitude & Longitude)

Flat MapCartesian coordinates: x,y

(Easting & Northing)


55/59

Earth to Globe to Map

Representative Fraction

Globe distance

Earth distance=

Map Scale: Map Projection:

Scale Factor

Map distance

Globe distance=

(e.g. 1:24,000)(e.g. 0.9996)


56/59

Coordinate Systems

(o,o)

(xo,yo)

X

Y

Origin

A planar coordinate system is defined by a pair

of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an origin


57/59

Summary (1)

GIS in Water Resources is aboutempowerment through use of information

technology helping you to understand the

world around you and to investigateproblems of interest to you

This is an open class in every sense where

we learn from one another as well as fromthe instructors


58/59

Summary (2)

GIS offers a structured information modelfor working with geospatial data that

describe the water environment

(watersheds, streams, lakes, land use, .) Water resources also needs observations

and modeling to describe the water

(discharge, water quality, water level,precipitation)


59/59

Summary (3)

A Hydrologic Information System dependson water web services and integrates spatial

and temporal water resources data

Geography brings things together throughgeoreferencing on the earths surface

Understanding geolocation on the earth and

working with geospatial coordinate systems

is fundamental to this field

Date post:	03-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	je-mappelle-ggr
View:	222 times
Download:	0 times

Introdution to GIS in Water Resources

Documents