Inventory Management Inventory Management SystemsSystems
Developing a National Developing a National System for GHG System for GHG
InventoriesInventoriesLisa Hanle
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
October 29, 2004
Panama City, Panama
OverviewOverview
What is a national inventory systemWhat is a national inventory system
Importance of developing a national Importance of developing a national inventory system inventory system
Basic elements of a strong national inventory Basic elements of a strong national inventory systemsystem
ConclusionsConclusions
What is a National What is a National Inventory System?Inventory System?
A A national inventory systemnational inventory system incorporates all the incorporates all the elements necessary to estimate GHG emissions elements necessary to estimate GHG emissions and sinks, including institutional, legal and and sinks, including institutional, legal and procedural arrangementsprocedural arrangements
Higher-quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public
Inventory Planning
Inventory Management
Inventory Preparation
Importance of Importance of Developing a National Developing a National
Inventory SystemInventory System Ability to develop higher-quality inventory at more Ability to develop higher-quality inventory at more
regular intervals (e.g., annually, every 2-4 years, regular intervals (e.g., annually, every 2-4 years, etc). etc). Resources are focused on the most significant Resources are focused on the most significant
emission sources in the countryemission sources in the country Sources of data are identified, appropriately Sources of data are identified, appropriately
archived and regularly accessiblearchived and regularly accessible Emission estimates are continually improved; Emission estimates are continually improved;
adhere to international guidance (e.g., IPCC Good adhere to international guidance (e.g., IPCC Good Practice Guidance)Practice Guidance)
The inventory and national inventory system can be The inventory and national inventory system can be a foundation for analysis of a range of energy and a foundation for analysis of a range of energy and environmental issuesenvironmental issues
Inventory Planning: Inventory Planning: Institutional ArrangementsInstitutional Arrangements Single national entity responsible for Inventory Single national entity responsible for Inventory
developmentdevelopment Support appropriate training for Inventory staffSupport appropriate training for Inventory staff
Inventory Agency- Inventory coordination-Prepare waste inventory-Technical review-QA/QC Coordination
Energy & TransportMinistry
- Official Statistics-QA/QC
University researchers-LULUCF estimates-Technical Review
Consultant A- Prepare Agricultural estimates-QA/QC and Uncertainty
Agricultural Ministry- Official Statistics
-QA/QC
Non-gov’torganizations
- Technical review
Trade Association- Plant-specific data
Public-Review
Consultant B-IP estimates
Inventory Agency- Inventory coordination-Prepare waste inventory-Technical review-QA/QC Coordination
Energy & TransportMinistry
- Official Statistics-QA/QC
University researchers-LULUCF estimates-Technical Review
Consultant A- Prepare Agricultural estimates-QA/QC and Uncertainty
Agricultural Ministry- Official Statistics
-QA/QC
Non-gov’torganizations
- Technical review
Trade Association- Plant-specific data
Public-Review
Consultant B-IP estimates
EXAMPLE
Example: U.S. National Example: U.S. National SystemSystem
Management Team (in EPA)
Assemble Estimates
General QA/QC
Cross-Cutting Analyses (e.g., key sources)
Prepare CRF Tables
Conduct peer and public reviews
Archives Inventory
U.S. Inventory
Management Team
Source Lead:
LULUCFSource Lead: Waste
Source Lead: Ag
Source Lead: IP and Solvents
Source Lead: Energy
Energy Dept., Universities, consultants
Trade Associations, Consultants, U.S. Geological Survey
Consultants, USDA, USFS Universities
Inventory Planning: Inventory Planning: Procedural Procedural
ArrangementsArrangements Assign specific responsibilities: data collection, Assign specific responsibilities: data collection,
emission calculation, uncertainty analysis, and emission calculation, uncertainty analysis, and QA/QCQA/QC
Develop a QA/QC PlanDevelop a QA/QC Plan Establish process for inventory review (expert Establish process for inventory review (expert
and/or public review)and/or public review) Incorporate methodological improvementsIncorporate methodological improvements Develop a timeline for workDevelop a timeline for work
Example: U.S. Inventory Example: U.S. Inventory CycleCycle
Submit Inventory
to UN
April 15thSummer
Gather data and
prepare initial
estimates
March
Incorporate public
comments
January-February
Release for public
comment
Late December
Incorporateexpert
comment
Nov - Dec
Expert andinteragency
review
Mid October
Prepare draft report
June
Kick-off Meeting
Inventory Planning: Inventory Planning: Legal ArrangementsLegal Arrangements
Allow for the timely acquisition of all necessary Allow for the timely acquisition of all necessary data data
Where national statistical agencies, private Where national statistical agencies, private companies or others are relied upon for activity companies or others are relied upon for activity data, have arrangements been made to ensure data, have arrangements been made to ensure data is available in time for the inventory cycle?data is available in time for the inventory cycle?
Identification of Ministry/person responsible for Identification of Ministry/person responsible for approving inventory prior to official submissionapproving inventory prior to official submission
Inventory Planning: Inventory Planning: Identify Key SourcesIdentify Key Sources
A A key sourcekey source has a significant influence on a has a significant influence on a country’s total inventory of direct GHG in terms of country’s total inventory of direct GHG in terms of both both levellevel of emissions, the of emissions, the trendtrend in emissions, or in emissions, or both.both. (see GPG, Chpt.7) (see GPG, Chpt.7)
A key source also may be determined through a qualitative A key source also may be determined through a qualitative assessment. assessment.
A A key source categorykey source category is one that is prioritized within is one that is prioritized within the national inventory systemthe national inventory system
With limited resources, countries should focus on key With limited resources, countries should focus on key sources to improve the quality of the GHG Inventorysources to improve the quality of the GHG Inventory
Key Source Analysis: Key Source Analysis: Example Level AssessmentExample Level Assessment
•CO2 emissions from stationary combustion- coal: A key source
•CH4 emissions from manure management: Not a key source
Key Source Analysis: Key Source Analysis: Example Trend AssessmentExample Trend Assessment
•Note: N20 Emissions from adipic acid production a key source according to Trend, but not Level Assessment. Should still be treated as a key source.
Inventory PreparationInventory Preparation
Develop emissions estimates Develop emissions estimates (highest priority)(highest priority) Collect activity data and emission factors; calculate Collect activity data and emission factors; calculate
emissions based on IPCC emissions based on IPCC Good Practice Guidance Good Practice Guidance Implement QA/QC PlanImplement QA/QC Plan
Basic checks should be completed on entire inventory Basic checks should be completed on entire inventory (Tier 1) (Tier 1) (see GPG Chpt. 8)(see GPG Chpt. 8)
More in-depth examination of specific sourcesMore in-depth examination of specific sources (Tier 2)(Tier 2) Prepare uncertainty estimatesPrepare uncertainty estimates
Developing qualitative and/or quantitative estimates Developing qualitative and/or quantitative estimates also may be useful for prioritizing future activitiesalso may be useful for prioritizing future activities
Recalculate previous estimates, if necessaryRecalculate previous estimates, if necessary
Examples of Tier 1 QC ChecksExamples of Tier 1 QC Checks
Check a sample of input data for transcription errorsCheck a sample of input data for transcription errors
Reproduce a sample of emissions calculations; for complex Reproduce a sample of emissions calculations; for complex models use simplified methods to judge relative accuracymodels use simplified methods to judge relative accuracy
Confirm that relationships/links in underlying databases Confirm that relationships/links in underlying databases are correctare correct
Are all data sources/references/assumptions documentedAre all data sources/references/assumptions documented
Check for consistency in data between source categoriesCheck for consistency in data between source categories Are animal population data used for enteric fermentation the same Are animal population data used for enteric fermentation the same
as those used for manure management?as those used for manure management?
Examples of Tier 2 QC ChecksExamples of Tier 2 QC Checks
Assess emissions trends and/or activity data trends: if Assess emissions trends and/or activity data trends: if there are significant fluctuations can these be there are significant fluctuations can these be explained?explained?
Assess representativeness of emission factors for Assess representativeness of emission factors for national circumstancesnational circumstances If use IPCC default, does the default reflect your own national If use IPCC default, does the default reflect your own national
circumstances? If use a country-specific emission factor, how circumstances? If use a country-specific emission factor, how does it compare with IPCC default?does it compare with IPCC default?
Compare estimates derived with a “top down” method Compare estimates derived with a “top down” method to estimates derived from a “bottom up” methodology.to estimates derived from a “bottom up” methodology.
Inventory PreparationInventory Preparation
Documentation is key!! Documentation is key!! EverythingEverything must be documented, including:must be documented, including: All methods, emission factors and activity data All methods, emission factors and activity data
should be documented; sufficient to allow should be documented; sufficient to allow expert to reproduce official estimatesexpert to reproduce official estimates
References, including documentation of expert References, including documentation of expert judgementjudgement
QA/QC PlanQA/QC Plan Planned improvementsPlanned improvements Uncertainty analysis Uncertainty analysis RecalculationRecalculation
Inventory Preparation: Inventory Preparation: Planned ImprovementsPlanned Improvements
Inventory development is an evolutionary process. Inventory development is an evolutionary process. Future inventories build on existing structure, planned Future inventories build on existing structure, planned
improvements should be based on:improvements should be based on: Key source assessment: key sources should be estimated using Key source assessment: key sources should be estimated using
higher-tiered methodshigher-tiered methods Issues arising during any technical review of inventoryIssues arising during any technical review of inventory Opportunities for improvementOpportunities for improvement
Are better data sources available?Are better data sources available? Can a better method be used?Can a better method be used?
Uncertainty analysisUncertainty analysis Can additional analysis be undertaken to reduce uncertainty in emissions Can additional analysis be undertaken to reduce uncertainty in emissions
estimates?estimates?
Inventory ManagementInventory Management
Archiving of all information used in Archiving of all information used in inventory planning and preparation is inventory planning and preparation is essentialessential Information related to emission Information related to emission
factors, activity data, key sources, factors, activity data, key sources, QA/QC, uncertainty, methods used, QA/QC, uncertainty, methods used, technical review comments and technical review comments and response to comments should be response to comments should be archivedarchived
Archive may be electronic and/or Archive may be electronic and/or hard copyhard copy
Should be located in single locationShould be located in single location Need not be expensive: Simple but Need not be expensive: Simple but
necessary!necessary!
We need
an archiv
e!
ConclusionsConclusions
National inventory systems are a foundation National inventory systems are a foundation for more complete and higher-quality for more complete and higher-quality inventoriesinventories
Inventory development is an evolutionary Inventory development is an evolutionary process; continuously improve capabilities to process; continuously improve capabilities to develop emission estimatesdevelop emission estimates Resources focused on key sourcesResources focused on key sources
Inventory process should be transparently Inventory process should be transparently documented, an expert should be able to documented, an expert should be able to reproduce estimatesreproduce estimates
Goal: Develop higher quality inventory on a Goal: Develop higher quality inventory on a more regular basis (e.g., every 2-4 years)more regular basis (e.g., every 2-4 years)
Summary: Building Summary: Building Blocks of a Strong Blocks of a Strong InventoryInventory
PREPARATIONPLANNING MANAGEMENT
Archiving
Single entity, rolesand responsibilities,
QA/QC Plan, identify keysources,
improvement plan
Collect activity data & emission factors,
estimate emissions, QA/QC, uncertainty,
documentation
Development of a higher quality inventory
on a more regular basis
Muchas Gracias!
CONTACT INFORMATION:
Lisa Hanle
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Extra SlidesExtra Slides
Example: U.S. National Example: U.S. National Inventory SystemInventory System
EPA has decentralized approach to EPA has decentralized approach to preparing inventorypreparing inventory Individual source leads manage each Individual source leads manage each
source categorysource category Determine methodology, data sources, Determine methodology, data sources,
improvementsimprovements Inventory coordinator collects emission Inventory coordinator collects emission
estimates from individual source leadsestimates from individual source leads Aggregates emissions, prepares NIR and CRF Aggregates emissions, prepares NIR and CRF
tables, archives each inventory submissiontables, archives each inventory submission
Example: U.S. National Example: U.S. National SystemSystem
Individual source leads manage Individual source leads manage each source categoryeach source category Develop most appropriate methodsDevelop most appropriate methods
Based on IPCC Guidelines and Good Based on IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice GuidancePractice Guidance
Collect best dataCollect best data Research and improvementsResearch and improvements
Constant search for best way to account Constant search for best way to account for source emissionsfor source emissions
