Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 2734 (1964): Code of Practice for Equine Housing [FAD 5:Livestock Feeds, Equipment and Systems]

\ r

I

.\ I

Indian Standard

IS:27341EM4

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR. EQUINE HOUSING

UDC 728.94 : 636-1-1.083.1

Ljvestock Housing Sectional Committee, AFDC 17

Chairman

DR. P. BHATTACEARYA

Representing

Ministry of Food & Agriculture

Members

5 SHRI T. NARAYANAN ( Altcfnate to

Dr. P. Bhattacharya ) SHRI J. P. J. BILI~IOBIA SHRI H. M. DALAYA

DR. M. -K. SHAH ( Alicrnatc ) COL R. C. DATTA SHRI RAJE J. R. DEEIEMUKH SHRI M. R. DHANDA

DR. S. S. PRABW ( Alternate) , DIRECTOR

DEPUTY DIRECTOR 0~ ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ( LIVESTOCK ) ( Alternate )

DIRECTOR

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR (P) ( Alternate) DIRECTOR MAJ I. S. DUQUAL

Dr&.~%;TA&r

’ Da S N RAY ( Altemafti ) Srrar VI hi. KAK SRRI K. C. KAKU

SRRI V. S. KAMAT SHRI H. D. NARUOLWALA

SERI K. N. VELAXKAR ( Al&mate ) SHRI M. M. A. REHMA,N

DR. P. D. LELE (Al&note) SHRI SATWANT SIN~H DR. D. V KARMARKAR,.

Deputy Director ( Agrr & Food ) I

Central Public Works Department KairinDirrct Co-operative Milk

.

Producers’ Union Ltd.,

Directorate of Military Farms, Army Headquarters In personal capacity ( &suer, East Wamfesh ) Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar

Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Government of Madras

Dire;;;ct;;hof Animal Husbandry, Government of Uttar

Rural Housing Wing, University of Roorkee, Roorkee Military Engineering Service, Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch,

Army Headquarters Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal

In personal capacity ( Vasundhara, Jaipur ) National Buildings Organization, Ministry of Works &

Housing Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd., Bombay Ministry of Works & Housing

Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Government of Maha- rashtra

In personal capacity ( JVasirpur Fawn, Patiala ) Director, IS1 ( &-o&o Member )

Secretary . SERI E. N. SUNDAR

Extra Assistant Director ( Agri & Food ), ISI

Equine Housirig Subcommittee, AFDC 17 : 5

Convener

SHRI M. M. A. REHB~AN

Members

\ Direcgshqf,a Animal Husbandry, Government of

SHRI M. K. JADHAV

LT-COL P. L. NE~I

PROB. R. V. SATHE

Buildings and Communications Department, Government of Maharashtra

Directorate of Remounts and Veterinary Services, Army Headquarters

Education and Social Welfare Department, Government of Maharashtra

@ Copyright 1964 by

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC

NEW DELHI 1 ,

324 1964

9

IS:2734-1064

I n&an Standard

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR EQUINE HOUSING

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 27 May 1964, after the draft finalized by the Livestock Housing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Agricultural and Food Products Division Council.

0.2 Horses still have an important role to play in spite of the continuously growing mechanization in the country and it is unlikely that they will ever be ousted. Unquestionably, horse racing is still acclaimed as a refined pasume, though it is confined to only a small proportion of the society. Apart from using horses for racing purpose, they are more widely used in the country for drawing purposes. So the need for stabling them will continue. The sizes of animals found in different parts of the country vary considerably and hence the ~dimensions of the stalls also would vary accordingly. Mules are also used in the country for doing heavy work such as carrying loads and drawing carriages. They are popular for the above purposes specially in the Defence Services. In this code, provision has been made for suitable

housing facilities for equines, such as horses and mules in order to provide them with the necessary comforts. ,

0.3 This code has been prepared with the inten- tion to serve as a guide for the construction of various structures required for stabling horses.

0.4 Wherever a reference to any Indian Standard appears in this code, it shall be taken as, a reference to the latest version of the standard.

0.5 Metric system has been adopted in India and all dimensions appearing in this code have been given in this system.

0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a parti- cular requirement of this code is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accord- ance with IS : 2-1960 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values ( Revised ). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

X.1 This code deals with the general layout and constructional details of stables, including stalls, loose boxes, paddocks and other ancillary struc- tures relating to the housing of equines.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the follow-\ ing definitions shall apply.

2.1 Brood Mare -A mare in the condition of breeding.

2.2 Colt - A young male horse.

2.3 Equine-A term which means anything pertaining to horse ( derived from the Latin term Equinus, which means a family of single-hoofed animals, such as horse, mule, ass and zebra ).

2.4 Foaling Box 7 A part of a. stable ( see 2.8 ) ’ where mares are kept for foaling purpose.

2.5 Filly - A young female horse.

2.6 Gelding - A castrated male horse.

2.7 Loose Box - A stable where animals are kept untied or loose.

2.8 Stable I A building consisting of stalls for confining equines.

22 Stall -A partitioned unit for housing a single animal.

2.10 Stallion - A horse kept for breeding.

2.11 Yearling-A young horse over one year but below two years of age.

3. LAYOUT I . 3.1 The general layout of the various structures mentioned in 1.1 shall be as given in Fig. 1. The layout of paddocks shall be generally as given in Fig. 3. The dimensions given are only approxi- mate and would vary depending on the size of the stalls, loose boxes, etc.

4. SELECTION OF SITE

4.0 The following points-shall be considered for the location of the site for a stable.

4.1 The surroundings shall be healthy.

4.2 T-he clayey or loamy type of soil shall be avoided and gravelly or sandy soil shall be preferred.

4.3 Low lying areas shall be avoided. Flat and moderately elevated site shall be preferred.

2

Is:273401964

manger shall be 750 mm from the floor level. The manger -may be portable or built-in-type. All the corners shall be well-rounded.

5.2 Loose Boxes -The loose boxes shall be of two sizes - with floor area 4 x 4 m and 4.5 x 4.5 m, and with a height of 3 m. The door shall be of 2 m height and shall consist of two horizontally swinging door leaves opening outside. The lower door leaf shall be 1.2 m high. There shall be separate types of loose boxes for (a) brood mares or foaling box, (b) colts and fillies and c ex ernal loose boxes for the isolation of sick

!1m&.

5.2.1 Loose Box for Brood Mares or Foaling Box - The floor space of ,this type of loose box shall be 5 x 5 m. There shall be a peeping hole in the door of the box to keep the mare under observation without being disturbed. The box shall be used to keep the mare and colt for two or three days after foaling. The other details shall be as given in 5.2.

5.2.2. Loose Box for Colts and Fillies - The floor space of this type of loose box shall be 4 x 4 m. The box shall be used to keep colts and fillies until they are four to seven months old. The other details shall be as given in 5.2. The box shall accommodate not more than three yearlings.

5.2.3 External Loose Box - The dimensions and other details shall Abe as given in 5.2.

4.4 The site shall be located at a reasonable distance from the residential areas.

4. The structures shall be so oriented that the an mals are plrotected from severe draughts. A t north-south orientation shall be preferred.

5. DESCRIPTION

5.1 Stalls-The stalls in the stables shall be arranged in a single or a double row depending upon the number of animals (see Fig. 1 and 2 which refer to typical stalls of 3 x 2.5 m size ). In the case of the double row system, the stalls shall be so constructed that the horses do not face each other. A passage of 1.5 to 2 m width shall be provided in the case of the single row system, while in the case of the double row system, the width of the passage shall be 2.5 to 3 m.

5.1.1 The dimensions of the stalls required to house animals of different sizes would vary. The floor area to be provided for each animal shall be as given in Table I. The height from the floor to the roof shall be at least 4 m in case of the flat roof and, if the roof is gabled, the height shall be at least 3 m from the floor level to the tie-beam.

TABLE I DIMENSIONS OF STALLS

SIZE OF ANIMAL DIMENSIONS

(1) (2)

Small 3.0.x 2.5 m Average 3-5 X 3.0 m Large 4.0 X 3.5 m

5.1.2 Stall Division - There shall be stall divisions or partitions to separate one stall from the other ( see Fig. 1 and 2 ). The partitions shall be of hardwood of sufficient strength, or of rein- forced concrete or of brickwork [ see IS : 456-1957 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Con- Crete forGenera Building Construction ( Revised) and IS : 22 12-1962 Code of Practice for Brick- work 1. In case of the wooden partition, a gap of at least 150 mm, between the bottom of the partition and the floor level, shall be provided.

5.1.3 Manger - The manger may be in three parts for providing grain and mother seeds, hay and water to the animals. The water trough may also form a separate unit. The manger shall have a wide thick top of chin rest made of rein- forced concrete to avoid crib-biting. The hay rack of the manger may be of either mild steel bars or wooden poles. The ends of these bars or poles shall be suitably fixed to the wide thick top of the manger and their opposite ends to the walls. The hay rack shall be at a level lower than the animals’ heads and not above. The dimensions of the manger shall be 450 mm wide at the top, 220 mm wide at the bottom, 750 mm long and 300 mm deep. The bottom of the

6. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF STALL AND LOOSE BOX

6.1 Floor -The flooring shall be of moorum, brick-on-edge over concrete bedding or cement concrete. A slope of at least 1 in 80 shall be provided for the floor and the slope shall be directed towards the drain. The plinth shall project zt least 300 mm. A ramp with a slope of at least 1 in 50 shall be provided at the entrance to the passage ( see Fig. 2 ).

6.1.1 Moorum Flooring - The moorum flooring shall be constructed over a sub-base of thickness about 15 to 20 cm of rubble packing or broken bricks, wetted and well-rammed. _A 150-mm layer of hard m.oorum shall be spread over this sub-base with coarser particles at .-the bottom and finer at the top. A layer of powdery or flaky variety of moorum about 25 to 40 mm thick shall be spread over the top of this layer. Water shall then be sprinkled freely and the surface shall be well-rammed. The water shall again be sprinkled until the floor is fully saturated and a thin film of about 6 mm water is formed at the top. The surface shall be trampled under the feet and levelled until the cream of moorum rises to the top. The floor shall be left in this condition for 12 hours and thereafter for three days the floor shall be well-rammed at an interval of 12 hours ( during mornings and-evenings ) with flat wooden rammers. A thick paste of cowdutig shall be spread and it shall be rammed at an

3

IS:2734-1964

interval of 24 hours ( during mornings ) for two days. A final thin coating of a mixture of cowdung ( four parts ) and cement ( one part ) shall be applied after the floor has dried up and wiped clean to prevent cracking and peeling. This mixture of cowdung and cement shall be applied weekly or fortnightly to keep the floor in good condition.

6.1.2 Brick-on-Edge Flooring - The sub-base for this type of flooring shall be of rubbles or brick-bats, handpacked and watered, and shall be well-rammed to a thickness of about 150 to 225 mm. A layer of cement concrete (-1 : 4 : 8 ), 75 to 150 mm thick, shall be spread over the sub-base. Thoroughly wetted bricks shall then be laid on edge with cement mortar over the sub-base. The quality of bricks shall conform to Class I bricks as given in IS : 1077-1957 Speci- fication for Common Burnt Clay Building Bricks. The thickness of the joints shall be not more than 10 mm. The joints shall be flush pointed with cement mortar. The whole surface shall be cured with water for three weeks. The bricks shall be laid in rows having the joints parallel and at right angles to the walls or in ’ herring-.bone ’ pattern.

6.1.3 Cement Concrete Flooring - The cement concrete flooring shall consist of 40 mm thick cement concrete ( 1 : 2 : 4 ) laid over a suitable sub-base. The sub-base shall be of rubble or brick-bats handpacked, watered and well-ram- med to a thickness of about 150 to 200 mm. A layer of lime concrete or cement concrete ( 1 : 4: 8 ), 100 to 150 mm thick, shall then be laid. The coarse aggregate for the cement con- crete shall be graded to the minimum size 12 mm. The sub-base shall be watered and the concrete shall be laid over the sub-base in sections of one square metre. The concrete shall then be spread and beaten with wooden beaters until the cement slurry rises to the surface which shall then be finished with wooden trowels. The surface shall then be cured for 21 days with water.

6.2 Walls -The walls shall be of either rubble ’ masonry, brick masonry or timber.

6.2.1 Rubble Masonry - The inside of the walls shall be plastered at least to a height of 2 m, if such type of walls -are provided. Unplastered surfaces shall be cement pointed.

6.2.2 Brick Masonry-The thickness of the external walls shall -be 200 mm and pilasters

each of 400 mm thickness shall be provided to support the roof.

6.2.3 Timber Walling-This type of walling may be used for internal partitions of the stables ( walls ) and the walls of the loose boxes and shall be non-load bearing.

6.3 Roof - The roof may be of RCC, Mangalore tiles, country tiles, or of corrugated galvanized steel sheets. The roof shall be gabled, if the stables are arranged in double row or it shall be made lean-to-type, if the stables are arranged in a single row (see Fig. 2 ). A layer of suitable insulating material shall be provided on the top, if the roofing is of corrugated galvanized steel sheets.

6.4 Drainage -All floors shall be sloped to provide effective drainage. The cement concrete floor may be grooved to facilitate drainage. At the entrance of the stable there shall be a half- round channel of at least 150 mm diameter which shall have a slope of at least 1 in 40. The channel shall partly be covered at the end of the stable. The channel shall lead to inspec- tion chambers at the ends of the stables. The sullage water shall lead to soak pits. Rain-water gutters and pipes may be provided and-the rain- water may be discharged into some natural drainage course.

6.5 Ventilators - The inlet of the air shall be controlled by gratings which shall be suitably placed. For each stall one ventilator with top- hinge adjustable shutters shall be provided 2 m above the floor level to give adequate cross ventilation and draught. The size of‘ the venti- lator shall be 750 x 500 mm. The ventilators of the foaling box shall be covered with fly-proof wire netting.

7. PADDOCKS

7.1 Paddocks ( see Fig. 3 ) shall be provided for horses, geldings, pregnant and empty mares, stal- lions, yearlings, colts and fillies, in order to pro- vide them with fresh air and natural environment. Food and water troughs shall be provided in each paddock. Each paddock shall be separated from the other by wooden fencing and the width of the pathway ( lane ) in between paddocks shall be not more than 4 m. Hay and straw stores, ’ implement store, veterinary centre, guard room and dispensary, shall be in the vicinity of paddocks ( see Fig. 3 ).

,

.

.

‘>PARTlTlONS

STALLS 3X24m EACH

tr RAMP

T X

STALLS 3 X 2*im EACH

3m WIDE PASSAGE

\ T

2

\

PARTITION T PARTITION

SECTION XX PARTITION - SECTION YY SECTION ZZ

IA UNIT OF 24 HORSES WITH 16 UNIT OF 24 HORSES WITH 1C UNIT OF 24 HORSES iz BACK TO BACK STALLS AND INDEPENDENT STALLS FNO PASSAGE STALL WITH COMMON . . PASSAGE ON BOTH SIDES CENTRAL PASSAGE

3 rp I

FIG. 1 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF STALL* FOR EQUINE HOUSINO (24 ANIMALS) 5t %

1 , -...,, u- ,... *,

SECTION XX

ZA E&K TO BACK STALLS WITH 14 in WIDE PASSAGE ON G~H 510~5

SECTION YV

28 INDEPENDENT HORSE STALLS WITH 1*8m WIDE PASSAGE

FIG. 2 DETAILS OF TYPICAL STALLS FOR EQUINE HOUSINQ

,

i_________‘__________-_

I

I 1

3 STALLIONS-

i LAYATORY BLOCK/ CENTRE ,

d MENIAL STAFF

MENIAL STAFF

-hiI

C HORSES OR GELDINGS

60 X 60 r-l HA” AND STRAW STORE

4 COLTS OR FILLIES

26.5 X 55

L COLTS OR FILLIES

26.5 X &5 ‘ HORSES OR GELDINGS

60 X 60 C PREGNANT MARES

60 X 60 6 PREGNANT MARES

60 X 60

-IMPLEMENTS STORE

3.5 LANE

oc)

FbOD TROUGH

WATER TROUGH 1 STALLION 60 X 27

6 EMPTY MARES

60 X 60

6 EMPTY MARES

60 i 60 5 YEARLINGS 60 X 75

I STALLION

26.5 x L5

6;EARLINGS 60 X 90

All dimensions in metres.

FIG. 3 TYPICAL LAYOUT OR PADDOCKS FOR EQUINE HOUSINQ ( 50 ANIMALS )

PUBLICATIONS OF INDIAN STANDARDS _

INDIAN STANDARDS

Over 2600 Indian Standards, broadly classified under the been issued so far:

” I . . ^_

INSTITUTION

following main heads, have

Agriculture & Food Electrotechnical

Buildin~g Mechanical Engineering

Chemical Structural & Metals

Consumer Products Textile.

Of these, the standards belonging to the Agriculture & Food Group fall under the foltowing categories:

Animal Feeds

Baking Aids

Bee-Keeping Equipment

Biscuits and Confectionery

Cereal Products

Cocoa Products

Dairy Equipment

Dairy Industry, Methods of Test

Dairy Laboratory Apparatus

Dairy Products

Edible Starch and Starchy Products

Farm Implements and Machinery

Fish and Fishery Prod’ucts

Food Colours

Fpod Grain Handling and Storage

iioney and By-Products

Infant Foods

Meat and Meat Products

Pest Control Equipment

Pesticidal Formulations

Pesticides

Regulated Market Yards

Spices and Condiments

Starch Derived Products

Sugars and By-Products

Tobacco Products

OTHER PUBLICATIONS /

IS.1 Bulletin ( Published Every Month’) j

Single Copy . . . . . .

Annual Subscription . . . . . .

. Rs

. . . 2-00

. . . IS+?

Annual Reports ( from 1948-49 Onwards ) . . . . . . 2.00 to 3.00 each

Available from:

IN6lAN STANDARDS INSl1TUTION

. Headquarters

Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. New Delhi I

Phones : 273611-18 Grams : Manaksanstha

Branch Offices

Grams : Monaksanstha

232 Dr. Dadabhoy Naoroji Road Bombay I Phone 262945 II Sooterkin Street Calcutta I3 9, 23-1823 l4/69 Civil Lines Kanpu r 9, 37695 64 General Patters Road Madras 2 .t 87278