-
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a
practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure
access to information under the control of public authorities, in
order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of
every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the
Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public,
particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the
pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety
standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of
this information in an accurate manner to the public.
इंटरनेट मानक
“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru
“Step Out From the Old to the New”
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti
Sangathan
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता
है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
है”ह”ह
IS 4209 (1987): Code of Safety in Chemical Laboratories[CHD 8:
Occupational Safety, Health and Chemical Hazards]
-
IS 4209 : 2013
Hkkjrh; ekud
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Indian StandardCHEMICAL LABORATORIES — CODE OF SAFETY
( Second Revision )
ICS 13.100;13.300;71.040.10
© BIS 2013
January 2013 Price Group 8
B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D SMANAK BHAVAN, 9
BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
-
Occupational Safety and Health and Chemical Hazards Sectional
Committee, CHD 8
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau
of Indian Standards, after the draftfinalized by the Occupational
Safety and Health and Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee had been
approvedby the Chemical Division Council.
The need for a code of safety for chemical laboratories stems
from two factors, first due to hazards inherentin the nature and
handling of chemicals, and second due to hazards from inadequacy or
handling of instrumentalfacilities necessary in chemical
laboratories, such as electricity, glassware, machinery equipment,
gas, steam,water, apparatus for high/low temperature and pressure.
Innumerable chemicals used as reagents and solventsare
flammable/toxic/corrosive/poisonous, etc, and are harmful/irritants
to body tissues.
The standard was originally published in 1966 and subsequently
revised in 1987 to incorporate the generalrules of conduct
concerning safety, reference for handling highly toxic materials,
emergency alarm system,etc, in laboratory designing, safety details
for fire, emergency and rescue procedures; evacuation of
sitereporting systems under organization of laboratory and general
laboratory techniques and fires under specifictechniques. The
Committee decided to revise this standard in view of incorporating
the latest safety practicesin the standard. In this revision
general guidelines on safe disposal, incompatible materials, safe
proceduresto deal with spillage, electrical installations, and
handling of chemicals at very low temperature are
incorporated.Moreover format for material safety data sheet and
list of chemicals and their incompatible materials are givenin
Annexes A and B.
This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on safety
in laboratories. The other standards in thisseries are IS 4906 :
1968 ‘Code of safety for radiochemical laboratory’ and IS 12035 :
1986 ‘Code of safety inmicrobiological laboratories’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulating
this standard is given in Annex C.
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1
Indian StandardCHEMICAL LABORATORIES — CODE OF SAFETY
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard recommends a Code of safety forchemical
laboratories.
1.1.1 This standard does not cover hazards relatingto
radioactive substances.
2 REFERENCES
The standards listed below contain provisions whichthrough
reference in this text constitute provisionsof this standard. At
the time of publication, theeditions indicated were valid. All
standards aresubject to revision and parties to agreements basedon
this standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of
applying the most recent editions ofthe standard indicated
below:
IS No. Title2148 : 2004/ Electrical apparatus for explosiveIEC
60079-1 : 2001 gas atmospheres — Flameproof
enclosures ‘d’2190 : 1992 Selection, installation and
maintenance of first-aid fireextinguishers — Code of
practice(second revision)
2206 (Part 1) : 1984 Flameproof electric lightingfittings: Part
1 Well-glass andbulkhead types (first revision)
2379 : 1990 Colour code for identification ofpipe lines (first
revision)
3 FACTORS INVOLVING SAFETY
3.1 General
3.1.1 The rules of safety embodied in this standardshould be
ingrained in every employee so that theirpractice becomes a matter
of day-to-day habit.
3.1.2 It will be the responsibility of the
institution/organization to force safety rules. Senior membersare
required to be vigilant to ensure that adequateinfrastructural
facilities are available for safe workingand adequate information
and guidance is availableto junior members concerning a variety of
chemicalwork being performed in laboratories. It will also bethe
responsibility of workers to adhere to safetyrules and point out to
senior members any unsafecondition/spots prevailing in and around
thelaboratory.
3.1.3 Every effort should be made to recognize areasof potential
hazards and corrective action should betaken expeditiously to
minimize accidents.
3.1.4 A complete record of accidents should bemaintained by the
institution to identify causativefactors and to provide valuable
guidance for thefuture.
3.2 Rules of Conduct
3.2.1 Smoking is strictly prohibited in working areasother than
those specified.
3.2.2 Reporting to work in an intoxicated conditionis strictly
forbidden and punishable.
3.2.3 All other activities detrimental in maintainingsafety in
the laboratory should be strictly prohibited.
3.2.4 Work in isolation shall be avoided in alaboratory; always
a second person should be withincall.
3.2.5 Handling or consuming food or drinks inlaboratories shall
be avoided.
3.2.6 Good personal hygiene such as washing thehands thoroughly
before handling or consumingfood or drinks, having a thorough body
wash or bathat the end of shift wherever insisted are
essential.
3.2.7 Good housekeeping is considered as thebackbone of
laboratory safety. Returning equipmentnot in use to their proper
storage place, clear labellingof chemicals, keeping laboratory
floor free ofobstruction and other good house-keeping
practicesshould be strictly followed.
3.2.8 A periodic check of windows, store wells, fireappliances,
first-aid boxes, etc, in the laboratoryshould be made.
3.2.9 A suitable fire extinguisher should be locatedclose to
each laboratory.
3.2.10 All substances should be regarded aspotential sources of
hazards and handled with care.
3.2.11 Safety carriers should be used fortransporting glass or
plastic containers with acapacity of two liters or greater.
Incompatiblechemicals should never be transported together.They
should be transported in separate carriers.
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3.2.12 All safety equipment shall be properlylabelled and
maintained in good operating conditionand be regularly checked and
inspected for correctoperation in accordance with the
manufacturer’sinstructions and record of such
checks/inspectionsshould be maintained.
3.2.13 Allowable maximum quantities of dangeroussubstances,
consistent with efficient operation shallbe established for each
laboratory and neverexceeded.
3.2.14 Safety information and emergencyprocedures should be
prominently displayed.Emergency procedures should be posted in
eachlaboratory giving telephone numbers of,
a) Fire brigade;b) Ambulance;c) Supervisor/Safety coordinator;
andd) Hospital.
3.2.15 Spills should be cleaned immediately andthoroughly. The
nature of spills should beascertained and spills treated
accordingly.
3.2.16 In case of an injury, the supervisor and
safetycoordinator should be informed and prompt first-aidshould be
taken/provided.
3.2.17 All accidents should be reported to theimmediate
supervisor. All accidents should beinvestigated and recorded.
3.2.18 Standard operating procedure (SOP) shouldbe
available.
3.2.19 All unsafe conditions and unsafe acts byfellow workers,
which are likely to cause an accident,should be reported, to the
supervisor.
3.2.20 In case of an emergency such as a fire,explosion, etc,
the supervisor should be informed orarrangement is to be made to
inform the supervisoror safety coordinator or head of the
departmentnearest available and laid down procedure is to
befollowed.
3.2.21 All the exits are to be kept free of obstructionsto
facilitate quick escape in an emergency.
3.2.22 Proper lift (meant for carrying materials) is tobe used
while carrying dry ice or liquid nitrogen.Liquid oxygen should not
be used as a substitutefor liquid nitrogen.
3.2.23 Separate cans should be kept to depositbroken glass as
otherwise the person cleaning thelaboratory can sustain cuts from
glass, if mixed withother wastes like paper, rubber, etc.
3.2.24 Chemical wastes should be segregated
category-wise and properly disposed off as perapproved written
procedures. Each laboratory shouldhave a comprehensive safety
manual.
3.2.25 Gas cylinders should never be dragged whiletransporting;
when kept vertical, they should bechained to avoid their fall.
While storage the valvecap should be in place. Pressure regulators
specificto the gas only should be used.
3.2.26 In case of fire, lift should not be used.
4 LABORATORY DESIGN FOR SAFETY
4.1 Functional Design
4.1.1 General
Only those aspects of laboratory design which arerelevant to
make them safe places of work and arepertinent to accident hazards
have been discussedin this standard. A laboratory is not a
haphazardcollection of rooms; but a well planned and
designedbuilding, where each room has a definite functionand whose
arrangement relative to the others alsoserves a definite objective.
Thus in the design ofeach room as also of the whole laboratory
there hasto be a proper appreciation of the purpose. It isimportant
that, in the planning of the laboratory, thereshould be
consultation and collaboration betweenthe architect and the
engineer on the one hand, andthe senior workers in the laboratory
on the other.Even in old laboratories quite a lot may be achievedby
minor alterations and adjustments to make themsafe places for
work.
4.1.2 Laboratory Rooms
4.1.2.1 The design of the laboratory will dependupon the
specific needs of a particular laboratory.Thus, student
laboratories should normally consistof large rooms, where a number
of students can work,while a research or specialized analytical
laboratoryshould consist of separate small units. From safetypoint
of view the bay layout is preferable to separatesuite of rooms
because, in case of an accident, thereis a greater chance of some
other worker being insight. Moreover, every laboratory should
beprovided with a few minimum necessities to ensuresafety in
working. Each laboratory room shall havetwo easily accessible exits
(a fire escape, if a seconddoor cannot be provided). If a bay
layout is providedfor each semi-enclosed cubicle, there should be
anescape arrangement from the side away from theworkbenches. The
arrangement of immovable fittingsshould be such as to provide
adequate moving spacebetween benches. There should be no fittings
onthe floor, which would hinder or obstruct freemovement. The
design and arrangement of bencheswill naturally vary according to
the function of eachlaboratory but adherence to certain minimum
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requirements would go a long way to reduceaccidents. Benches
should not be too deep (widelyaccepted width is 75 cm) and the
service line controlsshould be placed at the front below the bench
top.The reagent shelves should be easily accessible andshould not
be unduly high. The reagent shelvesshould be provided with beading
(and with centrepartitions in the case of double-side shelves)
toprevent bottles falling off due to vibrations.Wherever necessary,
flame-proof electrical fittingsconforming to IS 2206 (Part 1)
should be provided inthe laboratory. This should be the feature
especiallywhere large amount of solvents are handled.Laboratories
should also be provided with adequateventilation and efficient
exhaust to prevent the build-up of the concentration of toxic
vapours in theatmosphere.
4.1.2.2 Ante-rooms
A chemical laboratory should have, besides the actuallaboratory
rooms, separate rooms for: (a) doingpressure reactions and other
hazardous operation;(b) overnight reactions; and (c) work involving
largequantit ies of solvents. These rooms shouldpreferably be
located at the end of the mainlaboratories. The furniture used in
the rooms shouldbe made of fire resistant material and the room
shouldbe provided with exhaust fans. There should be aseparate room
(preferably air-conditioned) forhandling other specialized
analytical instruments likechromatograph, spectrometer, etc.
4.1.3 Fume Cupboards/Fumehoods
4.1.3.1 Each laboratory should be provided withefficient fume
cupboards, sufficiently large to permitcomplete enclosure of
apparatus normally used, andprovided with a sink for the washing of
apparatusused for handling toxic materials. For laboratorieswhere
large numbers of digestions are to be carriedout, a separate
ante-room equipped with efficientfume cupboard may be provided. The
cupboardshould not be too deep so that the fittings inside
areeasily accessible while the controls of the serviceconnections
should be provided outside. The fumecupboard should have
corrosion-proof fittings. Itshould be provided with a light, so
placed that thewhole cupboard is illuminated. The shutter
pansshould be made of shatterproof or reinforced glass.The front
shutter may be provided with smallwindows so that apparatus can be
manipulatedthrough these without lifting the shutter. Thecupboard
should be so designed that there is strongupward draught even when
the shutter is open andthere is no chance of any fumes entering
thelaboratory. In rooms where work with extremelypoisonous gases is
done, it is advisable to have anair inlet at the bottom
(balanced-draught cupboard)
so arranged as to sweep everything to the exhaust.It is
desirable to have at least one such cupboard inevery chemical
laboratory. For fume cupboard, theexhaust fan should be able to
create a face velocityof 30 m/min at normal working height (say 0.3
m).Cupboards for highly toxic materials require higherface
velocities (45 m/min).
4.1.3.2 Hot concentrated perchloric acid should behandled in
separate fume cupboards where its vapourdoes not contact any
organic matter. (Separate fumehoods should be designed for
perchloric acid hoods,cleaning should be done twice a week and
record ofcleaning should be available. Material ofconstruction of
the fume cupboard and alliedimplements/fixtures should not contain
any organicconstituents.)
4.1.4 Service Connections
All pipe lines in the laboratory should be differentlycoloured
as specified in IS 2379 and each room ofthe laboratory should be
provided with main valvesat an easily accessible and prominently
visible placesso that, in an emergency, all services to a room
canbe cut-off from one point. There should also bearrangements for
cutting-off the service connectionsof the entire laboratory from
one place. Sinks anddrains should be made of chemically
resistantmaterials and the drains should be properly trappedand
vented. The sinks should, wherever feasible, beflushed with liberal
quantity of water after thecontents from reactions vessels are
discharged intothem. Water immiscible solvents must not be pouredin
drains. Draining boards should be made of, or atleast covered, with
non-absorbent material. Drainboards made of wood absorb chemicals
easily andtend to give vapours for a long period, hence woodas
drain board, is not recommended.
4.1.5 Laboratory Furnishings
Furnishing (curtains, etc) which will easily catch fireshould be
avoided. Fire resistance properties ofmaterials used for these
should be carefully checked.
4.1.6 Stores
Where large quantities of explosive materials (butnot
explosives), inflammable substances, solventsor gas cylinders are
to be stored, reference shouldbe made to rules and regulations in
force. The storeshould be provided with separate ante-rooms
forkeeping: (a) explosive materials; (b) inflammablesubstances; (c)
poisonous substances; (d) solventsin bulk; (e) gas cylinders; and
(f) acids. Care must betaken that incompatible materials are
storedseparately. Stores storing flammable solvents andchemicals
should have flameproof equipmentincluding switches conforming to IS
2148. Both the
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main stores and its ante-rooms should be well lightedand well
ventilated with proper exhausts to preventbuild-up of the
concentration of toxic agents. Theante-rooms should preferably be
small separateblocks; however, if they have to be part of
mainstores building, their exit and entrance should betowards the
outside of the main store rooms, andthese rooms should be well
protected from heat anddirect sunlight. The electric light fittings
shouldconform to IS 2206 (Part 1). Smoking shall not bepermitted in
the stores. Utmost care should be takenin the issue of bulk items.
These should never bedirectly poured from carboys or drums but
alwaysbe siphoned out. Explosive materials like sodamide,picric
acid, etc, should be handled gently andcarefully. Suitable
equipment and materials shouldbe kept handy to deal with any
spillage problems.
4.2 Incompatible Material
While storing chemicals, it is necessary to know
theincompatibles — those that react exothermally withone another.
For example, fuels and reducing agentsare incompatible with
oxidizing agents. No twoincompatibles should be stored together.
Annex Agives an elaborate list of incompatible chemicals.Some of
these incompatible chemicals are:
a) Acid Chemicals versus Basic Chemicals —Free acids like HCl,
H2SO4, CH3COOH orchemicals like potassium bisulphate shouldnot be
stored with bases like ammonia, lime,soda, metal oxides, etc.
b) Ammonium Salts versus Basic Oxides orCarbonates — These will
react, may be withtragic end like fire or explosion; hence
shouldnot be stored together.
c) Bleaching Powder versus Turpentine —Bleaching powder
liberates chlorine, whichreacts exothermally with ammonia,
ammoniumcarbonate or unsaturated organic substanceslike turpentine
or linseed oil. This may be asource of fire. Hence adequate care
should betaken while storing such chemicals.
4.3 Disposal
Safe disposal of chemicals is a specialized field. Inmany cases
the method of disposal is substance-specific. The chemical
properties, hazards,incompatibles, etc, should be studied and
expert-advice should be sought. Planning for safe disposalhas to be
meticulous and the procedure should beapproved by the competent
authority. Executionshould be under the guidance of experts.
Thefollowing general guidelines could complement thesafe disposal
of chemicals:
a) Liquid and solid wastes should be keptseparate.
b) Chemicals for disposal must be placed in anon-reactive,
sealed container with a screwtype cap. Waste container must be kept
closed.Attach a tag to each and every container ofthe chemical
waste. The outside of thecontainers must be clean and free of
chemicalcontaminants and residues. Date and labeleach container.
All chemical waste containersmust be conspicuously labelled with
thefollowing information:
1) Hazardous waste;2) Full name(s) of chemical contents and
approximate percent if necessary [IUPACand common names are
acceptable,abbreviations or chemical formulas are
notacceptable];
3) Responsible person or supervisor; and4) Building, room number
and contact phone
number.
c) Separate wastes into the different wastecategories that
collect acids in a separatecontainer from solvents, etc.
Incompatiblematerials should not be mixed (see Annex A)in the same
container. Corrosive or reactivechemicals should not be put in
metal cans.
d) For liquids, fill containers to about 90 percentof container
volume. Containers should notbe filled to the brim.
e) Metal barrels should not be stored outsidewhere they will
rust. Smaller containers ofchemicals should not be packed into a
largedrum for disposal.
f) Regarding some of the specific substances,the following must
be noted while planningdisposal.
1) Ignitable liquids and organic solvents —Halogenated wastes
should be separatedfrom non-halogented solvent wastes.Separate
organic solvents from aqueoussolutions. Keep acidified
solventsseparate from other solvents and acidwastes.
2) Acids, bases, and aqueous solutions —Strong inorganic acids
or oxidizers withorganic compounds should not be mixed .Keep acids,
bases or aqueous solutionscontaining heavy metals separate
fromother wastes. Avoid mixing concentratedacids and bases together
in the samecontainer.
3) Wastes containing mercury salts shouldbe separated from all
other wastes.
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4) Corrosive materials — Corrosive liquidsshall not be mixed
with any otherhazardous waste under anycircumstances.
5) Perchloric acid and perchlorates — Keepperchloric acid and
perchlorate wastesseparate from other wastes.
6) Toxic wastes — Separate toxic wastes fromother hazardous
wastes.
7) Paint and paint thinner — Separate solidsludge from paint
thinners by pouring offthinners into a separate waste
container.Brushes, rollers, paper or other debrisshould not be put
in paint wastes. Waterand water-base paint wastes should
beseparated from oil-base paint wastes.Label wastes as paint
stripper waste orpaint sludge.
8) Oils, lubricating fluids and cooling fluids— Flammable
solvents, halogenatedsolvents (degreasers), water or
antifreezeshould not be mixed with waste oils.
4.4 Safety Equipment
The following items should be available as protectiveequipment
in all chemical laboratories. The mainitems are:
a) Safety Glasses/Face Shields — Eye protectionat minimum level
implies safety goggles.
b) Aprons — Various types of aprons areavailable like PVC,
rubber or cotton to protectagainst specific hazards.
c) Gloves — Wear protective gloves to handlechemicals (rubber,
PVC, etc). To handle sharpobjects use gloves made out of leather,
canvas,etc. Other items for specialized protectionshould be
available and all personnel must beaware of their location and use.
They are,
1) Safety equipment:
i) Fire blankets; ii) Eye wash devices; andiii) Safety
showers.
2) Personal protective equipment:
i) Breathing apparatus; ii) Positive pressure hoods;iii)
Helmets; andiv) Gas masks.
All the personal protective equipment for commonuse should be
kept in their proper places, and cleanedthoroughly after use.
Defective equipment shouldbe immediately replaced.
5 ORGANIZATION OF LABORATORY SAFETY
5.1 Separate committee should be available to reviewthe
laboratory chemical safety. The nature of theorganization required
for implementation of goodlaboratory practice in a chemical
laboratory willdepend on the size of the establishment and
thenature of the work carried out. However, regardlessof the size,
every laboratory worker should beimparted at least a basic training
on safety with regardto health and safety hazards of chemicals, and
thehazards which may occur from the equipment andtechniques one is
likely to employ.
5.2 No employee or laboratory worker shallcommence work
involving highly dangerousmaterials or processes without first
acquaintinghimself with the appropriate safety practices.
5.3 Emergency Response
5.3.1 Emergency Planning
5.3.1.1 During the course of normal laboratoryoperations there
is always the potential for anemergency situation to arise. These
emergencies canbe a result of chemical spill and exposure, or
fire.Each and every laboratory should develop writtenemergency
response plan based on nature ofchemicals handled. Emergency
response plan shouldbe clearly defined and posted in a prominent
place.It is essential that all employees should know howto act and
react during the emergency. Periodicappraisal of the circumstances,
which can lead toemergency situation, will reveal many
avoidableproblems.
5.3.1.2 Major/emergency spills
A chemical spill is classified as a major spill wheneverit
causes personal injury or chemical exposure thatrequires medical
attention, causes a fire hazard oruncontrollable volatility;
requires a need forbreathing apparatus of the supplied air or
self-contained type to handle the material involved;contaminates a
public area; causes airbornecontamination that requires local or
buildingevacuation; causes a spill that cannot be controlledor
isolated by laboratory personnel; cannot beproperly handled due to
lack of local trainedpersonnel and/or equipment to perform a
safe,effective cleanup; requires prolonged or overnightcleanup;
involves an unknown substance; or entersthe land or water.
The following general procedures should be usedfor all
major/emergency spills:
a) If the spill presents an immediate danger, leavethe spill
site and warn others, control entry tothe spill site, and wait for
safety officer.
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b) Attend to any persons who may have beencontaminated. Remove
contaminated clothing.Flush skin/eyes with water at least for 15
minto 30 min; use soap for intermediate and finalcleaning of skin
areas.
c) Protect yourself, and then remove injuredperson(s) to fresh
air, if safe to do so.
d) Notify nearby persons and evacuate asnecessary. Prevent
entry, as necessary, byposting a guard in a safe area and/or
shuttingdoors.
e) If flammable vapours are involved, do notoperate electrical
switches. Try to turn off orremove heat sources, where it is safe
to do so.
f) If the substance involved is an unknown, thenemergency spill
response procedures arelimited to self-protection, isolation of
thechemical, and evacuating and securing the areainvolved.
g) Do not touch the spill without protectiveclothing.
h) Where the spill does not present immediatepersonal danger,
try to control the spread orvolume of the spill. It means shutting
a door,moving nearby equipment to prevent furthercontamination,
repositioning an overturnedcontainer or one that has a hole in the
bottomor side, creating a dike by putting an absorbentaround a
spill.
j) Never assume gases or vapours do not existor are harmless
because of lack of smell.
k) Absorbents should be used to collectsubstances. Reduce vapour
concentrationsby covering the surface of a liquid spill
withabsorbent. Control enlargement of the spillarea by diking with
absorbent.
5.3.1.3 Minor spill
Minor spills are those spills, which do not fit therequirements
for major spills. The following generalprocedures should be used
for all minor spills:
a) Attend to any persons who may have beencontaminated. If these
persons require medicalattention then it is an emergency spill.
b) Notify persons in the immediate area aboutthe spill.
c) All non-essential personnel from the spill areashould be
evacuated.
d) If the spilled material is flammable, turn offignition and
heat sources.
e) Breathing vapours of the spilled materialshould be avoided.
If respiratory protectionis necessary this is an emergency
spill.
f) Leave on or establish exhaust ventilation if itis safe to do
so.
g) Secure supplies to effect cleanup.
5.3.2 Emergency Alarm
A fail-safe emergency alarm system, which is audiblein all parts
of the building, should be available in allchemical laboratories.
The alarm system should beperiodically tested for operational
performance andaudibility in the specified range.
5.4 Evacuation of Site
Apart from fire, other situations such as spilling ofchemicals,
leaking cylinders of toxic and corrosivegases also may require
evacuation of personnel.
5.5 Reporting Systems
All accidents should be reported without delay tothe laboratory
supervisor or safety coordinator withall essential details to
ensure prompt action.
5.6 Safety Awareness
5.6.1 A survey of industrial accidents has shownthat a very
large majority of accidents is due to humanfactors and can,
therefore, be avoided. The two mostimportant causes are ignorance
of precautions to betaken and disregard of safety rules. For
eliminatingthese causes, proper instructions are necessary;
butwritten rules and regulations, and safety equipmentby themselves
are not enough to ensure safety inlaboratory.
5.6.2 The first essential is to create an atmosphereof constant
care and attention to even the smallestdetail. This cannot come by
itself but should benurtured and developed by the person
in-charge,who should set an example, and insist on its
beingfollowed by everybody else. Each newcomer shouldbe trained to
reach and then live up to the standardalready set. In most
laboratories, while care andaccuracy are the primary
considerations, speed isoften of importance and there might be a
tendencyfor even sufficiently trained staff to take chances.This
should be discouraged at once, not only by theimmediate associates
of a newcomer but by those incharge of the laboratories.
5.6.3 In some schools or technical colleges, thestudents might
have been imparted some rudimentsin safe working. It will be useful
to include instudents’ practical curriculum a course in ‘Safety
inchemical laboratories’. The students should berequired to fit up
different types of glass apparatusafter the procedure had been
demonstrated by alaboratory assistant. This also applies to the
workingof electric circuits and many other kinds of
laboratorywork.
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5.7 Handling of Apparatus
5.7.1 Glassware
5.7.1.1 A laboratory worker should always be awareof the fact
that glassware is likely to break, if handledroughly. Glass
breakage is a common cause of injuriesin laboratories. The
importance of handling glassapparatus in the proper manner cannot
be over-emphasized. While setting up an apparatus, it isnecessary
to ensure that all pieces are clamped andsupported properly,
different components may fallapart even with the smallest bumping
and endangerboth the experiment and the worker.
5.7.1.2 When cutting, tube or rod, make a simplecut at the point
of fracture with a triangular file or acutter. Place a cloth over
the glassware to protectthe hands. Then, hold the tube or rod with
the thumbstogether, opposite to the cut and, bend towards thebody
to get uniform and right angle break. To cutlarge-bore tubing,
wound a piece of nichrome wire atthe point of cut and heat it
electrically.
5.7.1.3 All glass fractures should at once be firepolished in a
Bunsen flame so as to round off thesharp corners, especially in
case of glass tubingwhich is to be pushed through a rubber bung.
Whenthis is done, the size of hole in the bung should allowthe
glass to pass through with reasonable ease, afterthe glass has been
lubricated with water or glycerine.The tube should be held in a
cloth or leather glovesshould be worn. The bung should not be held
insuch a way that the glass tube may be pushed intothe hand holding
the bung. The same care should betaken when withdrawing a glass
tube or rod from abung. If difficulty is met with, push a cork
borer, ofthe size which will just pass over the tube into thebung,
between the tube and the bung. Then withdrawthe tube from inside
the cork borer. If the tube isbroken off short, it is better to
scrap the bung.
5.7.1.4 Winchesters should be carried in suitablecarriers made
of wood provided with suitable handles.A cage should always be
provided while usingvacuum desiccators.
5.7.1.5 When glass containers have been used, theyshould be
cleaned by the person who has used them.This ensures that other
workers will not beendangered by small amounts of any harmful
materialremaining in the container. It is absolutely necessarythat
apparatus handed over for glass blowing hasbeen cleaned
thoroughly.
5.7.1.6 Test tubes should be held properly with test-tube holder
while heating with the mouth pointingaway from others and oneself,
and should not bemore than half full while being heated.
Pipettesshould not be left so that their ends protrude across
the front edge of benches. While pipetting, alwaysuse pipette
fillers (propipettes).
5.7.1.7 Wash-bottles or Winchester bottles made ofcolourless
glass should not be left on benches wheredirect sunlight may fall,
because they may act aslenses and focus sunlight on certain spots
and causefire. Such instances have been reported in literature.Also
the windowsill area should be free of anyapparatus/bottles.
5.7.1.8 The laboratory floor should be kept free ofany glass
apparatus or glass bottles containingchemicals.
5.7.2 Electrical Apparatus
5.7.2.1 Electrical apparatus, should be leak proofand properly
earthed. New furnace packing may bedamp and the furnace should be
run for some hoursat a moderate temperature until it is quite dry.
Thefloor near electrical apparatus shall be dry and theworkers
shall not touch the apparatus with wet hands.Insulated wire should
be used for all electricalconnections. Electrical apparatus, which
produceeven the slightest shock, presents a potential dangerand
shall be disconnected and checked upimmediately. Care should be
taken to use only rightkind of electric fuses. The fuse in use
should be ofappropriate current rating and lighter than the
oneinstalled by electrical staff in the mains wiringsystem. At no
time the fuses of higher rating shouldbe used. Charge accumulators
in a separate room,not on a laboratory bench where a nearby spark
orflame might cause the evolved gases to explode. Witha glass
accumulator such an accident can be quiteharmful. Acid accumulators
should be charged somedistance away from the place where nickel
ironaccumulators, using an alkaline electrolyte, arecharged. The
mixing of the two electrolytes couldhave very serious consequences.
All leads shouldbe kept as short as possible. Electrical cables
shouldnever be allowed to come in contact with hot surface,which
would burn the insulation, cause a short-circuit and create a fire
hazard. No water points orrubber connections should be kept near
the electricalplugs and switches; it is best to fix all
electricalfittings at a small height over the bench, eitheragainst
the wall or on the reagent rack so thataccidental spillage of water
on the bench cannot getto the electric connections.
5.7.2.2 An electric hair-drier should never be usedto hasten the
evaporation of an inflammable liquid,the coil can get over-heated
and thus cause ignitionof the vapours.
5.7.2.3 Electricity is dangerous and care should betaken while
using it. The following literature reportsdeath at 60 V ac:
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a) All electrical equipment shall be properlygrounded.
b) Extension chord shall not be used as asubstitute for
permanent wiring.
c) Electrical cords or other lines shall not besuspended
unsupported across rooms orpassageways. Cords should not be
routedover metal objects such as emergencyshowers, overhead pipes
or frames, metalracks, etc. Cords should not be ran throughholes in
walls or ceilings or through door waysor windows. Cords should not
be placed undercarpet, rugs or heavy objects. Cords shouldnot be
placed on pathways or other areaswhere repeated abuse can cause
deteriorationof insulation.
d) Multi-outlet plugs shall not be used unlessthey have a
built-in circuit breaker. This causesoverloading on electrical
wiring, which willcause damage and possible overheating.
5.8 Working with Chemicals
5.8.1 Most of the chemicals could be regarded ashazardous and
could be explosive, corrosive,flammable or a poison under certain
circumstances.
5.8.2 Always use the safety appliancesrecommended while handling
chemicals and avoidskin contact with chemical substances.
5.8.3 Chemicals should only be used when thedrums, sacks,
containers or pipelines containing themare clearly labelled and
their identity confirmed. Incase of doubt, or when a mix-up has
actually occurred,inform supervisor immediately.
5.8.4 Avoid spillage of chemicals by carefulhandling. Keep
suitable materials to chemically treatspillage, or physically
containing if necessary.
5.8.5 Ensure that the clips/clamps are properly fixedwhile
transferring chemicals through rubber, PVC orteflon hoses.
5.8.6 It is advisable to keep a water hose close by,whenever a
chemical’s transfer through drums,carboys, etc, is being performed
(not in case of watersensitive chemicals).
5.8.7 Chemicals storage must always be done afterconsidering
their compatibility. Once a place forstoring a particular chemical
is fixed, it should not bealtered without purpose.
5.8.8 Observe precautions concerning handling ofchemicals as
given in 3.2 and use safety equipmentas given in 4.4.
5.8.9 The containers of chemicals that are highlyvolatile or
decompose or are moisture sensitive
should be carefully opened and isolated from thesurrounding.
5.8.10 Whenever chemicals are transferred from oldcontainers to
new containers, all relevant detailsshould be transferred to labels
on new containers.
5.8.11 Low temperature (cryogenic ) liquids likeliquid nitrogen,
liquid oxygen, dry ice, etc, are alsocommonly used in laboratories.
The hazardsassociated with the handling of cryogenic liquids
are,
a) cold ‘burns’ to the person;b) explosions due to the
vapourization of
liquefied gas into an enclosed space;c) explosions due to
chemical reaction or
condensation of air;d) asphyxiation due to exclusion of
oxygen/air;
ande) oxygen enrichment of the surrounding
atmosphere in case of liquid oxygen.
Always handle low temperature (cryogenic) liquidsin
well-ventilated areas to prevent excessiveconcentration of gas.
Excessive amounts of liquidcryogens except l iquid oxygen reduce
theconcentration of oxygen and can cause suffocation/asphyxiation
in a confined space. Portable oxygendetectors should be available
with personnelassociated with handling of cryogenic
liquids.Personnel, including rescue workers, shouldnot enter areas
where oxygen concentration is below19.5 percent, unless provided
with self-containedbreathing apparatus or airline respirator. No
oil andgrease shall be present on clothing or equipmentwhen working
with or around liquid cryogensspecially liquid oxygen.
Skin contact with cryogenic liquids should beavoided as serious
cold burns may occur. Care mustbe taken with gloves, wristbands or
bracelets, whichmay trap liquid cryogen close to the skin. Do
notcarry liquid cryogens in an open Dewar on anyelevator.
6 GENERAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
6.1 If it is necessary to continue an experimentovernight, leave
precise and adequate informationto night shift assistants or
security staff.
6.2 Use proper equipment for experiments carriedout under
reduced or elevated pressure.
6.3 Vacuum flasks and desiccators should beregularly checked for
signs of damage.
6.4 All experiments involving use of toxic chemicalsshould be
carried out in a fume cupboard.
6.5 Use a cloth for protection when inserting glass
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tubing, rods or thermometers into bungs or tubing.Use a
lubricant, wherever necessary.
6.6 Compressed gas cylinders, when standingupright, should
always be properly supported. Neverconnect a gas cylinder directly
to the apparatus,always interpose a system of traps. Always turn
offa gas cylinder at the main valve after use and releaseany excess
pressure in the regulator.
6.7 It is to be ensured that condenser tubing doesnot become
trapped. Make sure that all rubberconnections to a condenser are
well secured.
6.8 Highly volatile/inflammable chemicals shouldnot be stored
indefinitely inside refrigerator, unlesssuitably modified by
removing the bulb and thethermostat outside the refrigerator
cabinet. On noaccount must any food or drink be kept in
laboratoryrefrigerators.
6.9 Labels on reagent bottles should not be alteredor tampered
with.
6.10 Nitrogen should be preferred to air on allcapillary bleeds
as a large number of organicsubstances oxidize at high
temperatures.
6.11 Use proper stirring system after taking thevolume of the
flask into account.
7 SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES
7.1 Solvent Extraction and Solvent Stripping
If extraction is carried out in a separating funnel,release the
pressure at frequent intervals by invertingthe funnel with the
stopper securely held andopening the top with care. Point the
funnel awayfrom the eyes and naked flames.
7.1.1 Always ensure that the condensing systemsare adequate to
cope with solvent use.
7.1.2 Chemicals like dialkyl ethers, tetrahydrofuranform
peroxides in contact with air and sunlight. Theyshould be stored in
dark bottles.
7.1.3 Do not attempt to distil solvents nearly todryness since
these concentrates may containexplosive peroxides.
7.1.4 Naked flame should not be used for reactionsinvolving
inflammable solvents.
7.2 Vacuum Distillation
7.2.1 Distillation under reduced pressure shouldalways be
carried out behind adequate shields.
7.2.2 Always use a suitable trap between the sourcesof vaccum
and the apparatus.
7.2.3 Evacuate the apparatus and check for leaksbefore
commencing heating. Avoid heating by directflame.
7.2.4 Never subject the apparatus to rapid changesof pressure;
at the end of distillation, allow it to coolbefore slowly admitting
air.
7.2.5 Do not use water-cooled condenser, if thedistillate is
entering the condenser above 160°C.
7.3 Organic Preparative Reactions
7.3.1 Special conditions must be complied with forexperiments
continued outside normal workinghours; leave special instructions
to the night shiftassistants and security staff.
7.3.2 It should be ensured that the stirring gear is ingood
order before starting an experiment. Do notrestart a stirrer, if it
has been stopped for any lengthof time in a heated reaction flask;
allow it to coolfirst.
7.3.3 Condenser capacity should be in excess ofrequirements.
Always make provisions for rapidremoval of the heating source.
7.3.4 In order to study the behaviour of newexperiments, testing
material quantity should be asminimum as possible in case of the
following:
a) First time experiments;b) Experiments with alkali metals,
cyanides, etc;c) Halogenations, alkylations;d) Reactions involving
fluorine, HF, BF3, etc;e) Reactions involving alkylene oxides;f)
Polymerization reactions;g) Nitric acid oxidants;h) Reactions
involving the use of H2O2; andj) Exothermic reactions.
7.3.5 The bench should be kept dry in the vicinityof an
experiment involving alkali metals. It should beensured that pieces
of the metal do not fall into wateror oil baths during
addition.
7.4 Pressure Reactions
Utmost care should be taken in carrying out sealedtube
reactions. When the pressure is likely todevelop, a sealed tube
should never be filled up morethan one-third of its volume. The
initial runs shouldbe done with very small quantities of
reactants.Sealed tubes should be protected by a steel tube ora wire
cage and the temperature should be raisedgradually. These reactions
should be carried out in aseparate room behind a safety screen.
Before openingthe tube, it should be well-cooled in ice, tip is
thenblown off with a pointed flame and when the pressure
-
has been released, the tube may be cut. Autoclaveand other
pressure vessels should be set up inseparate rooms and not in the
general laboratory.The autoclaves should have safety valves in
properworking conditions.
8 MEASURES IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS
8.1 General
8.1.1 Inspite of all precautions, accidents sometimesoccur and
it is then necessary to take immediate stepsto help the injured
persons, and to do everythingpossible to prevent further damage.
Only those onthe spot can take a decision as to which of
theseobjectives is more important. If there is little risk
orcondition of the injured becoming serious, it mightbe necessary
to send for a doctor, and to apply first-aid as the first job. In
case of a hazardous situation,it may be advisable to summon
fire-fighters and towarn others in the building.
8.1.2 Information regarding an accident should reachthe
supervisor/safety coordinator or any otherauthority as early as
possible.
8.1.3 It is, of course, imperative that, at the earliestpossible
moment, all sources of danger shall beeliminated. If the trouble is
electrical, switch off themains. If a fire has broken out, turn off
the gas at themain, and switch off the electric power so that,
ifinsulation is burned off from wires, an electrical firemay not
start. Remove the combustible materials inthe laboratory or put
them away from the source ofdanger. Leaking containers of poisonous
gas orliquid should be removed to the open air after
wearingself-contained breathing apparatus and area is to becordoned
off. Somebody should be posted to guardand to see that no one goes
near them.
8.1.4 While every effort is being made to make thelaboratory
safe, it is equally important to bring allpossible help to those
who are injured. The doctorshould be summoned at once, and pending
hisarrival, those who are trained in first-aid should giveimmediate
treatment to those injured. In any case,remove the victims to fresh
air and keep them warmand at rest. If there is a fire, or a risk of
fire, theyshould be removed out of danger zone.
8.1.5 The actual treatment to be given would haveto be decided
upon by the persons carrying out first-aid, as there may be two or
more kinds of injury, suchas a cut or asphyxiation and a bruise.
Some first-aidtreatments for more common injuries are given in
8.3.
8.1.6 As soon as the situation permits, the detailsof the
accident should be entered in the accidentbook. It should not be
overlooked that a fulldescription including minor details about an
accidentmight throw light on its causes and measures could
be taken for prevention of such accidents in future.
8.2 Fire Safety
8.2.1 The rules involving smoking, electrical work,open flames,
handling flammable material and staticelectricity should be
strictly followed. Fire fightingequipment and emergency exits
should be kept cleanand ready for immediate use. Emergency siren
shouldbe in working condition.
8.2.2 Good housekeeping will do much to preventfires. Proper
disposal of waste material and clean upof spillage are essential.
Flammable waste should bestored in glass or metal containers and
not in paperor wooden barrels.
8.2.3 If a fire starts on the job, raise alarm andsimultaneously
use the fire extinguisher provided inthe area to bring down a small
blaze and try toextinguish fire before arrival of plant fire squad.
Adelayed alarm may cause the loss of precious minuteand allow a
fire to grow to such proportions that itmay destroy the entire
building, in spite of all effortsof organized fire fighting
forces.
8.2.4 In the event, if a fire occurs and is extinguishedwithout
an alarm being sounded, immediately notifyto the fire/security
officer. This will enable them toinspect the area and replace any
fire extinguisherthat may have been emptied.
8.2.5 Unless a person is a member of the plant firesquad or
belong to the laboratory, he should not gonear fire; it will only
cause obstruction and mayendanger him and others.
8.2.6 Every person would be able to recognize thedifferent types
of fire and learn the right kind ofextinguisher to use. The details
of different classesof fires and types and number of fire
extinguishersrequired for each area/section are given in IS
2190.
8.2.7 Each person may be required to be trained touse fire
extinguisher and first-aid fire fightingmeasures. Speed is
essential in fighting a fire. Mostfires start small and can be
confined, if acted promptly.
8.3 First-Aid
8.3.1 First-Aid Facility
8.3.1.1 First-aid must be provided in any chemicallaboratory.
However minor, an injury always must beattended to and first aid be
given/taken. Incidentsarising as a direct result of work performed
areavoidable if one observes the principles of safeworking
conditions. Failure to observe safe workingprinciples results in
accidents. No matter how minoran incident, it will need proper
examination andcorrective measures to avoid recurrence of
suchincidence. Constant supervision and improvement
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of working methods is the best defence against theoccurrence of
hazards.
8.3.1.2 Information regarding the location of first-aid and
first-aider should be displayed in all placesof work. All
laboratories should maintain prescribednumber of first-aid boxes
containing copy of leafletgiving advice on first aid treatment.
First-aid boxesshould contain sufficient number of
sterilized,unmedicated dressings of various sizes, adhesivewound
dressings, plaster, sterilized absorbentcotton, eye pads, approved
eye ointment and safetypins. In addition, eye wash bottles with
clean watershould be placed at strategic points.
8.3.2 First-Aid Measures
8.3.2.1 Inhalation
Remove victim from exposure and move to fresh airimmediately.
Remove contaminated clothing andloosen remaining clothing. Allow
victim to assumemost comfortable position and keep warm. Keep
atrest until fully recover. If breathing is difficult,qualified
personnel should administer oxygen. If notbreathing, give
artificial respiration. Do not usemouth-to-mouth resuscitation
without knowing thechemicals inhaled by the victim. In case of HCN,
gasonly use the Silvester method. Do not give anythingto drink or
do not induce vomiting if person isunconscious. In event of cardiac
arrest, applyexternal cardiac massage. Seek immediate
medicalassistance.
8.3.2.2 Skin contact
Move person away from contamination. Flushimmediately with
plenty of water for at least 15 minwhile removing contaminated
clothing and shoes. Ifnecessary, arrange for transport to hospital
or to adoctor for medical attention. The informationregarding the
hazardous chemical along with detailsof first-aid given should
accompany the casualty.Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
8.3.2.2.1 Eye contact
Flush eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 min.Hold the
eyelids open and away from the eyeballs toensure that all surfaces
are flushed thoroughly. Calla physician, preferably an
ophthalmologist ,immediately or arrange for transport to hospital
forimmediate medical attention and treatment of eyeinjury.
Information regarding the chemical that ismaterial safety data
sheet should accompany thepatient.
8.3.2.3 Ingestion
Do not induce vomiting. Have victim rinse out mouthwith water,
and then drink sips of water to remove
taste from mouth. Do not give liquids to a drowsy,convulsing or
unconscious person. If vomitingoccurs spontaneously, keep head
below hips toprevent aspiration of liquid into the lungs.
Seekmedical attention immediately or arrange for transportto
hospital for immediate medical attention andtreatment. Information
regarding the chemicalswallowed, its concentration and quantity,
materialsafety data sheet of the chemical should accompanythe
patient.
8.3.3 Special Treatments
8.3.3.1 For hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acidor related
compounds
These chemicals cause destructive and extremelypainful burns on
tissues when they come in contact.Immediate action should be taken,
if splashed.
a) Splashes in the eye — Splashes of hydrogenfluoride or
hydrofluoric acid in the eyes mustbe treated immediately by
flooding for at least15 min with large volumes of gently
runningwater from a tap. The urgent removal of patientto hospital
is essential since failure to treatcorrectly may result in loss of
vision.
b) Splashes on the skin — All contaminatedclothing should be
removed and flood the skinwith large volumes of running
water.Thereafter 2 percent calcium gluconate gelshould be applied
liberally to the affected partsand massaged into the skin till
medical aid isavailable. If nails have been penetrated by theacid
the gel be liberally applied over andaround the nail and the area,
and massagedcontinuously for at least 15 min. All cases ofhydrogen
fluoride or hydrofluoric acidsplashes must be referred to hospital
afterwashing the skin and starting the abovetreatment with the
ointment.
8.3.3.2 For hydrogen cyanide
Observe the following rules in case of hydrogencyanide
inhalation:
a) Care should be taken so that rescuer doesnot fall a victim to
the same gas.
b) If conscious and breathing, remove the patientimmediately to
the hospital.
c) If breathing stops, place the casualty in theprone position
with the mouth down with aclear breathing passage. Give
artificialrespiration by the Silvester method. Do notuse the
mouth-to-mouth method because thefirst-aider may inhale the
hydrogen cyanidegas himself. Artificial respiration should begiven
by a trained first-aider.
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8.3.4 Electric Shock
Power supply should be isolated. If the victim isunconscious or
has stopped breathing, beginartificial respiration without delay.
The patient is tobe shifted to hospital for treatment of,
a) Unconsciousness — Always victims shouldbe placed on their
sides to preventsuffocation.
b) Broken bones, dislocations — Keep the victimstill. Do not
manipulate the injury.
c) Shock, heart attack — If the face is white,place upper part
of the body in low position.If the face is red, place upper part of
the bodyin a high position.
d) Convulsions/fits — Patient should be laid
down carefully, protecting his head with apillow or
clothing.
8.4 Material Safety Data Sheets
8.4.1 Material safety data sheets should be preparedfor all
chemicals handled in laboratory as per theformat given in Annex B.
Copies of it should be placedat all locations where they are used
and handled.
8.4.2 Labelling Hazardous Chemical Containers
All chemicals should be labelled according tostandard practice
and placed at their earmarkedlocations. In their labelling, various
safety pointsshould be included like nature of chemical that
isfire/explosion hazards and index, corrosive,flammable, toxic,
flash point etc, as per material safetydata sheet.
ANNEX A[Clauses 4.2 and 4.3 (c)]
INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS
A-1 LIST OF INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS
Chemical Incompatible withAcetic acid Chromic acid, nitric acid,
hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol,
perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganatesAcetone Concentrated
nitric and sulphuric acid mixturesAcetylene Chlorine, bromine,
copper, fluorine, silver, mercuryAlkali and alkaline earth metals
(such as Water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated
hydrocarbons, carbonpowdered aluminum or magnesium, dioxide,
halogenscalcium, lithium, sodium, potassium)Ammonia (anhydrous)
Mercury (for example, in manometers), chlorine, calcium
hypochlorite,
iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)Ammonium nitrate
Acids, powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrates,
sulphur,
finely divided organic combustible materialsAniline Nitric acid,
hydrogen peroxideArsenical compounds Any reducing agentAzides
AcidsBromine See chlorineCalcium oxide WaterCarbon (activated)
Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agentsCarbon tetrachloride
SodiumChlorates Ammonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulphur,
finely divided
organic or combustible materialsChromic acid and chromium
trioxide Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol,
flammable liquids
in generalChlorine Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane,
methane, propane (or other
petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely
dividedmetals, turpentine
Chlorine dioxide Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen
sulphideCopper Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide
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Cumene hydroperoxide Acids (organic or inorganic)Cyanides
AcidsFlammable liquids Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen
peroxide, nitric acid, sodium
peroxide, halogensFluorine All other chemicalsHydrocarbons (such
as butane, propane, Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid,
sodium peroxidebenzene)Hydrocyanic acid Nitric acid,
alkaliHydrofluoric acid (anhydrous) Ammonia (aqueous or
anhydrous)Hydrogen sulphide Fuming nitric acid, oxidizing
gasesHypochlorites Acids, activated carbonIodine Acetylene, ammonia
(aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogenMercury Acetylene, fulminic acid,
ammoniaNitrates AcidsNitric acid (concentrated) Acetic acid,
aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen
sulphide, flammable liquids and gases, copper, brass, any heavy
metalsNitrites AcidsNitroparaffins Inorganic bases, aminesOxalic
acid Silver, mercuryOxygen Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable
liquids, solids, or gasesPerchloric acid Acetic anhydride bismuth
and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease,
oilsPeroxides, organic Acids (organic or mineral), avoid
friction, store coldPhosphorous (white) Air, oxygen, alkalis,
reducing agentsPotassium Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide,
waterPotassium chlorate Sulphuric and other acidsPotassium
perchlorate (see also chlorates) Sulphuric and other acidsPotassium
permanganate Glycerol, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulphuric
acidSelenides Reducing agentsSilver Acetylene, oxalic acid,
tartaric acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic
acidSodium Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, waterSodium
nitrite Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium saltsSodium peroxide
Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride,
benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl
acetate,methyl acetate, furfural
Sulphides AcidsSulfuric acid Potassium chlorate, potassium
perchlorate, potassium permanganate
(similar compounds of light metals, such as sodium,
lithium)Tellurides Reducing agents
Chemical Incompatible with
NOTE — The following list is not a complete list of
incompatibles; this has to be used only as a guide.
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ANNEX B(Clause 8.4.1)
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FORMAT
B-1 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FORMAT
Identity (As Used on Label and List) and Maximum Quantity
handled at any time.
NOTE — Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not
applicable, or no information is available, the space must be
markedto indicate that.
1. Chemical IdentityChemical Name Chemical
ClassificationSynonyms Trade NameFormula CAS No. U.N. No.Regulated
Identification Shipping Name Hazchem No:
Codes/LabelHazardous WasteI.D. No:
Hazardous CAS No. Hazardous CAS No.Ingredients Ingredients1.
3.2. 4.
2. Physical and Chemical DataBoiling Range/Point oC Physical
State AppearanceMelting/Freezing Point oC Vapour Pressure @35oC mm
Hg OdourVapour Density Solubility in water @30OC
Others(Air=1)Specific Gravity pHWater = 1
3. Fire and Explosion Hazard DataFlammability Yes/No LEL % Flash
Point oC Autoignition oC
TemperatureTDG Flammability UEL % Flash Point oCExplosion
Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity Hazardous
to Static Electricity Combustion Products
Hazardous PolymerizationCombustible Liquid Explosive
Corrosive
Material MaterialFlammable Material Oxidiser Others
Pyrophoric Material Organic Peroxide 4. Reactivity Data
Chemical StabilityIncompatibility with
othermaterialReactivityHazardous ReactionProducts
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5. Health Hazard DataRoutes of entryEffects of
Exposure/symptomsEmergencytreatmentTLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm
mg/m3
PermissibleExposure Limit ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold ppm
mg/m3
LD50 LD50
NEPA Hazard Health Flammability Stability SpecialSignals
6. PREVENTIVE MEASURESPersonnelProtectiveEquipmentHandling and
StoragePrecautions
7. Emergency and First-Aid MeasureFire Fire Estinguising
MediaFire Special procedures
Unusual hazardsExposure First-Aid Measures
Antidotes/DosagesSpills Steps to be taken
Waste Disposal Method 8. Additional Information/References
9. Manufacturer/Suppliers DataContact person in emergencyLocal
bodies involvedStandard packingTremcard Details/RefOther
10. DisclaimerInformation contained in this material safety data
sheet is believed to be reliable but no represen-tation guarantee
of warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability
for a particularapplication or results to be obtained from them. It
is upto the manufacturer/seller to censure thatthe information
contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the
product manufactures/handled or sold by him as the case may be. The
government makes no warranties expressed orimplied in respect of
the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose.
Name of FirmMailing AddressTelephone/Telex Nos.Telegraphic
Address
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ANNEX C(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITIONOccupational Safety and Health and Chemical
Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 8
Organization Representative(s)
National Safety Council, Navi Mumbai SHRI K. C. GUPTA
(Chairman)
Airport Authority of India, New Delhi SHRI A. N. KHERASHRI M.
DURAIRAJAN (Alternate)
Alkali Manufacturers’ Association of India, New Delhi DR Y. R.
SINGH
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai SHRI R. BHATTACHARYA
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai SHRI S. SOUNDARARAJANSHRI
S. D. BHARAMBE (Alternate)
Central Boiler Board, New Delhi REPRESENTATIVE
Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai SHRI G.
SWAMINATHAN
Central Mining Research Institute, Dhanbad SHRI J. K. PANDEY
Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi SHRI F. C. CHADDASHRI
S. C. GUPTA (Alternate)
Century Rayon, Thane SHRI H. G. UTTAMCHANDANISHRI S. K. MISHRA
(Alternate)
Confederation of Indian Industries, New Delhi SHRI A. K.
GHOSESHRI SHIKHAR JAIN (Alternate)
Consumer Education & Research Centre, Ahmedabad DR C. J.
SHISHOOSHRI S. YELLORE (Alternate)
Department of Space (ISRO), Sriharikota SHRI SHYAMAL KUMAR
KANUNGOSHRI V. K. SRIVASTAVA (Alternate)
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, New Delhi DR D.
R. CHAWLA
Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour
Institute, SHRI S. S. GAUTAMMumbai SHRI SUSHIL KUMAR
(Alternate)
Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi DR P. H.
ANATHANARAYANANDR A. N. SINHA (Alternate)
Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad DIRECTOR OF MINES
(MSE)DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF MINES SAFETY (HQ)
(Alternate)
Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health, Mumbai SHRI S. D.
JAGTAP
Directorate of Standardization, Ministry of Defence, SHRI P. S.
AHUJANew Delhi LT-COL TEJINDER SINGH (Alternate)
Employees State Insurance Corporation, New Delhi DR A. M.
PATILDR G. N. BANKAPUR (Alternate)
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Bangalore SHRI S. V. SURESH
Hindustan Lever Ltd, Mumbai SHRI B. B. DAVESHRI ADITYA JHAVAR
(Alternate)
Indian Association of Occupational Health, Bangalore
REPRESENTATIVE
Indian Chemical Council, Mumbai SHRI PRAKASH WAGLESHRI A. A.
PANJWANI (Alternate)
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IS 4209 : 2013
17
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad SHRI
RAJESHWAR RAO
Indian Institute of Safety and Environment, Chennai DR M.
RAJENDRANDR G. VENKATARATHNAM (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow DR VIRENDRA
MISHRADR V. P. SHARMA (Alternate)
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad PROF D. C. PANIGRAHI
Ministry of Defence (DGQA), New Delhi SHRI M. S. SULTANIASHRI
SUJIT GHOSH (Alternate)
Ministry of Defence (R&D), Kanpur DR A. K. SAXENADR RAJINDRA
SINGH (Alternate)
Ministry of Environment & Forest, New Delhi
REPRESENTATIVE
Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi SHRI OM PRAKASHSHRI D. K.
SHAMI (Alternate)
National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad DR H. R.
RAJMOHANDR A. K. MUKHERJEE (Alternate)
National Safety Council, Navi Mumbai SHRI P. M. RAOSHRI D.
BISWAS (Alternate)
NOCIL, Mumbai DR B. V. BAPATSHRI V. R. NARLA (Alternate)
Office of the Development Commissioner (MSME), New Delhi SHRI
MATHURA PRASADSHRIMATI SUNITA KUMAR (Alternate)
Oil Industry Safety Directorate (Ministry of Petroleum &
Natural Gas), SHRI SHASHI VARDHANDelhi SHRI S. C. GUPTA
(Alternate)
Ordnance Factory Board, Kolkata SHRI V. RAMANANDR S. P. SAXENA
(Alternate)
Petroleum & Explosives Safety Organization, Nagpur JOINT
CHIEF CONTROLLER OF EXPLOSIVES
Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai DR P. R.TIPNIS
Safety Appliances Manufacturers Association, Mumbai SHRI M.
KANTSHRI KIRIT MARU (Alternate)
SIEL Chemical Complex, New Delhi SHRI N. S. BIRDIESHRI RABINDRA
NATH SAHU (Alternate)
Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Ltd, Chennai SHRI
V. JAYARAMANSHRI S. MURUGANANDAM (Alternate)
Steel Authority of India Ltd, Ranchi SHRI V. K. JAIN
Tata AIG Risk Management Services Ltd, Mumbai SHRI URMISH D.
SHAH
Tata Chemicals Ltd, Mithapur SHRI SANJIV LALSHRI B. K. DEBATA
(Alternate)
BIS Directorate General SHRI E. DEVENDAR, Scientist ‘F’ and Head
(CHD)[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary
SHRI N. K. PALScientist ‘E’ (CHD), BIS
Organization Representative(s)
-
IS 4209 : 2013
18
Chemical Hazards Subcommittee, CHD 8 : 2 Organization
Representative(s)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai SHRI R. BHATTACHARYA
(Convener)SHRI K. RAMPRASAD (Alternate)
Alkali Manufacturers’ Association of India, New Delhi DR Y. R.
SINGH
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai SHRI S. SOUNDARARAJANSHRI
A. P. SATHE (Alternate)
Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore DR M. N.
MANJUNATHSHRI ARUN KUMAR (Alternate)
Century Rayon, Thane SHRI H. G. UTTAMCHANDANISHRI S. K. MISHRA
(Alternate)
Crop Care Federation of India, New Delhi DR P. S. RAMANATHANSHRI
D. K. ARORA (Alternate)
Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour
Institute, SHRI R. K. ELANGOVANMumbai DR E. LAXMINARAYANA
(Alternate)
Excel Industries Limited, Mumbai SHRI VIPIN B. DOSHISHRI
DHANANJAY V. JOSHI (Alternate)
Gulf Oil Corporation Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI Y. KRISHNA KUMAR
Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited, Raigad DR S. T. LONKARSHRI
S. N. BAILWAR (Alternate)
Indian Chemical Council, Mumbai SHRI B. S. PUNIASHRI P. N.
PARMESHWAR MOOTHATHU (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad SHRI K.V.
RAMANAYYA
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun DR M. P. SAXENASHRI G.
S. DANG (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow DR. VIRENDRA
MISRADR JAI RAJ BEHARI (Alternate)
Indian Petrochemical Corporation Ltd., Vadodora SHRI P.
VIJAIRAGHAVAN
Indian Space Research Institute, Bangalore SHRI SHYAMAL KUMAR
KANUNGOSHRI V. K. SRIVASTAVA (Alternate)
Ministry of Defence (DGQA), New Delhi SHRI A. K. SINHASHRI R. S.
DIWAKAR (Alternate)
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune DR G. S. GROVERDR B. B. IDAGE
(Alternate)
National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad DR. H. R.
RAJMOHANDR. A. K. MUKHERJEE (Alternate)
National Safety Council, Navi Mumbai SHRI V. B. PATIL
Petroleum & Explosives Safety Organization, Nagpur JOINT
CHIEF CONTROLLER OF EXPLOSIVE
Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, New Delhi SHRI RAVINDRA KAMATH
Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai SHRI N. K. VALECHASHRI S. G.
PATEL (Alternate)
Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi
REPRESENTATIVE
Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Ltd, Chennai SHRI
S. MURUGANANDAMSHRI M. PARTHIBAN (Alternate)
-
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of
Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmoniousdevelopment of the
activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of
goods and attending toconnected matters in the country.
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relating to copyright beaddressed to the Director (Publications),
BIS.
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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the
basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a
standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review
indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that
changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian
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amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS
Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CHD 8
(1669).
Amendments Issued Since
Publication______________________________________________________________________________________
Amendment No. Date of Issue Text
Affected______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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Published by BIS, New Delhi
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