Key Ideas

Islam

“La ilaha illalla Muhammad rasu lullah” Sharia - divine law

Ummah- community

Usul al-din - Theological categories common to Shiites

a. Tauhid – unity of God b. Nabuwwat –belief in the prophets c. Quiyamat- day of judgement

Key persons in the life of the Prophet

Muhammad 570-632 (Amin) Qur’an 96.14

Abdullah Ibn Muttalib & Amina bint Wahb -

Abu Talib - Ka’ba

Kadijah -

Timeline of Islamic Civilization570 Muhammad was born 622 Hegira : Muhammad left Mecca for Medina630 Mecca surrendered632-Death of Muhammad632-661 Palestine, Syria, Egypt and most of Persia711 cross the Strait Gibraltar718 South eastern Europe 732 Battle of Tours Spanish Spain756 Umayyad ruled most of the Iberian peninsula

(Cordoba was the capital)8-13th c Muslims expand trade and empire (Spain

to India to northern Africa)1380 Arrival 0f ISLAM in the Philippines

Islam Political & Religious Succession 

Muhammad

Abu Bakr (SUNNI) Ali

(SHI’ITE) Abu Bakr - first Caliph (khalifa –successor to

assume responsibility of administration but not prophethood)

 Ali – cousin of Muhammad

Filipino Muslim Perceptions of Their History and Culture As Seen Through Indigenous Written Sources:

Samuel Tan Indigenous Sources: 1.Kirim – tarsilas (genealogies) and other

manuscripts of the Maguindanao sultanate and datuship

1.Jawi – sources associated with Sulu, Tausug-Sama sultanate and datuship, genealogies, luntar (account), Kitab (book), surat and alamat

Spanish and American Sources:

1878, Jose Montero y Vidal, Guerras Piraticos

Historia dela Pirateria Malayo Mahametana en Mindanao y Jolo

1893, Francisco Combes , Historia de Mindanao y Jolo

1889, Juan dela Concepcion, Historia General de Filipinas

1903-1913, David Borrows, A Decade of American Government in the Philippines

1936, Victor Hurleys, Swish of the Kris: The Story of the Moros

Impressions from Spanish & American Sources :

1. that the Moros as the colonial sources called them were a degraded race of savages whose only ambition was to plunder, guided strongly by religion based on the teaching of a false prophet which they called Mohammedanism

2. that their lack of civilization underline the need to subjugate and civilize them through Christianity

3. That the Moros are prone to violence and savagery, nevertheless capable of learning ways of civilized societies through gradual democratization

Other Sources:

1. 1905, Studies in Moro History, Law, and 1908, Religion & History of Sulu Najeeb M. Salleeby - anchored on the premise that Muslim Islamic

traditions proved the existence of civilized society which has utilized armed struggle to preserve Muslim history and culture

2. 1977, Muslims in the Philippines, Cesar Majul

-200 correspondences, statements , comments of Sultans, datus, and local leaders from the US National Archives and Library of Congress

-Records Management Office and Archives

Records show:

Saleeby :1. Genealogy of Mantiri Asip – one of

the ministers of Rajah Baginda2. Genealogy of Rajah Tuan Mashaika–

earliest mystics who came to Sulu and the first rulers of Sulu

Tuanship - a political institution after or contemporaneous with rajaship before the datuship in 1380

Inferences: Philippine Islamization Phases

1. Development of folk Islam - the indigenous process that started

from the ancient genesis of the Timuway , Raja, Tuan, Olangkaya and datu to the rise of the Sultanate

2. Gradual shaping of Islamic tradition with the formation of the Sultanate as the central political structure

- the Islamization process began with the advent of Tuan Mashaika to the arrival of Karim ul –Makdum and then to the formalization of Islamic institutions under the sultanate.

Timeline:

Before 1280 - beginning of Early Settlements - Islamic penetration of the indigenous culture from

the Indo-Malay world - rise of pre-datuship institutions timuay, raja , tuan1280 – 1450- emergence and development of

Ulangkayaship and datuship1450-1960 – Advent and Political Evolution of the

Sultanate a. Formalization and dominance of Islamic

institutions b. Rise and dominance of sultanate 1450-1750

AD c. Decline of the Sultanate 1750-1915 d. Political demise of sultanate and datuship

1915-1960

Philippne Muslims: Ethno-linguistic groups:

Iranun KalibuganMaguindanaoan SangilMaranao MolbogTao-Sug PalawaniSama BadjaoYakan Others:

Higaonon, Jama Mapun Subanen,

T’boli Ka’agan

Issues:

1. Jabidah Massacre2. MNLF, MILF3. Bangsamoro