ISO based Integration of Geoinformation in Germany for European Spatial Data Infrastructure Hans...

ISO based Integration of Geoinformation in Germany for European Spatial Data

Infrastructure

Hans Knoop, GermanyISO/TC 211 – CEN/TC 287 - DIN

Advisory Group on Outreach of ISO/TC 211

Standards in Action WorkshopISO/TC211 23rd meeting in Riyadh, KSA - November 13, 2006

ISO based Integration of Geoinformation in Germany for European Spatial Data

Infrastructure

Hans Knoop, GermanyTechnical University of Braunschweig

DIN • German Institute for Standardization, Head of Section 03Head of German Delegation and Co-Chair, Advisory Groups on Outreach, to

ISO/TC211 and CEN/TC287 • Representative of ISPRS to ISO/TC211Formerly Ministry of the Intereor of Lower Saxony

Advisory Group on Outreach of ISO/TC 211

Standards in Action WorkshopISO/TC211 23rd meeting in Riyadh, KSA - November 13, 2006

Agenda

• Introduction

• International Standardization (ISO/TC211, OGC,…)

• European Standardization (CEN/TC287)

• Europe (INSPIRE)

• Germany (AAA-System)

• Benefits of Standardization

Hans Knoop ISO-based Integration of Geoinformation for European Spatial Data Infrastructure in Germany Riyadh, November 13, 2006

Agenda

• Introduction







Standardization Pyramid

International Standards

European Standards

National Standards

„Defacto“-StandardsInhouse-Standards

DIN, AFNOR, BSI, SNV, ANSI ...

CEN, CENELEC, ETSI

ISO, IEC

Problemorientedgeneric solutionsrequiring generalacceptance

Closestapproximationto the stateof the art

Binding withinthe company

Consensus-oriented

Importance


National - Regional - Global

Standards & Spatial Data Infrastructure

StandardsInfrastructure

Spatial Data Infrastructures

Standards

StandardsTechnologyData PolicyInstitutional Framework


Federal Government

National

City

State

County




National

National

National

Regional



Regional

Regional

National

National

Global


Mission

Promote the awareness, adoption, and advocacy of ISO/TC 211 standards in user communities.

ISO/TC 211 Advisory Group on Outreach


CEOS, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

DGIWG, Digital Geographic Information Working Group

EPSG, European Petroleum Survey Group

FIG, International Federation of Surveyors

GSDI, Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

IAG, International Association of Geodesy

ICA, International Cartographic Association

ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization

IEEE, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society

IHB, International Hydrographic Bureau

ISCGM, International Steering Committee for Global Mapping

ISPRS, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

JRC, Joint Research Centre, European Commission

OGC, Open Geospatial Consortium

User Communities


User Communities

PCGIAP, Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific

UNECE Economic Commission for Europe, Statistical Division

UNFAO Food and Agriculture Organization

UNGEGN, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographic Names

UNGIWG, United Nations Geographic Information Working Group

WMO, World Meteorological Organization

PCIDEA, Permanent Committee on Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Americas

SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

CEN/TC 287, Geographic information…

All these enumerated user communities are the external liaison organizations to ISO/TC 211 Geographic information / Geomatics


ISO/TC 211 & OGC

1994

• ISO/TC 211 - de jure formal standards technical committee

• OGC - de facto industry technical specifications

• 1999 - OGC - ISO/TC 211 Class A Liaison status

• ISO/TC 211 & OGC Joint Advisory Group (JAG)

• ISO standardization of OGC specifications: Simple Features Access, Web Mapping Server Interface

• Jointly develop the Imagery & gridded data Reference Model, Framework, and the OGC Sensor Markup Language

• Geography Markup Language (GML) etc.Hans Knoop ISO-based Integration of Geoinformation for European Spatial Data Infrastructure in Germany Riyadh, November 13, 2006

UNFAO - UN/Food and Agricultural Organisation

LCCSLand Cover Classification System

GLCNGlobal Land Cover Network


Agenda

• Introduction







•INSPIRE

•EUROGEOGRAPHICS

•CEN/TC 287reestablished

10./11. November 2003 Plenary1 Working GroupAdvisory Group on Outreach

Regional Activities

European New Activities


Implications of Standards

Initial International Interoperability

INSPIREINfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe

European Spatial Data Infrastructure

ISO/TC 211 & Open Geospatial Consortium standards & specifications

Europe - initial interoperability testing ground


History CEN/TC 287

CEN/TC 287 first period results– 8 ENVs:– Reference Model, Spatial Schema, Quality,

Metadata, Transfer, Geographic Identifiers, Position, Rules for Application Schema

– 4 reports: – Query and Update: Spatial Aspects, Overview,

Vocabulary, Conceptual Schema Language


ISO/TC 211 - CEN/TC 287

• All member bodies voting obligation

• Enquiry →Formal Vote →EN• Compulsory standards • Withdrawal of conflicting

national standards

• P and O members• DIS → FDIS → IS• Voluntary standards• Conflicting national standards

possible

Differences ISO - CEN


Agenda

• Introduction







Agenda

GSDI in Europe - INSPIRE

Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe


Memorandum of understanding betweenCommissioners Wallstróm, Solbes, Busquin11 April 2002

The European Sustainable Development Strategy advocates a new approach to policy-making through more coherence in the Community policies. An information base that provides detailed relevant harmonised spatial information for different policy areas and that is commonly accessible could significantly contribute to this objective.

Currently, exploitation of the potential of GI is hampered by lack of standards, of data and of a coherent data policy. A Community initiative to address these difficulties could unlock a vast potential of information and information services...

Standardisation of GI services would furthermore open up new ways of communication, narrowing the gap between Europe and its citizens.

© 2005 by ies


• Data policy restrictions– pricing, copyright, access rights, licensing policy

• Lack of co-ordination– across boarders– between levels of government

• Lack of standards and their use– incompatible information– incompatible information systems– fragmentation of information– redundancy

• Lack of data

Geo-spatial and Environmental information in Europe: State of the Art

EU has islands of data of different standards and quality...

In summary: no in

frastru

cture

© 2005 by ies


Overall context

• Increasing calls for more information to support environmental policies at European and MS level

• Difficulties to manage existing information flows and obtain timely, accurate and policy-relevant information

• Need to take into account differentiation across regions with respect to the state of the environment

• Revision of approach to reporting and monitoring, moving to concept of sharing of information

• Spatial information plays a special role: early action needed

EC Proposal COM(2004) 516 for a Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the Community - INSPIRE © 2005 by ies


Current Situation

• From Commission proposal to Community Directive implementation - 3 phases:– Preparatory phase (2004-2006)

• Co-decision procedure• Preparation of Implementing Rules

– Transposition phase (2007-2008)• Directive enters into force• Transposition into national legislation• INSPIRE Committee starts its activities• Adoption of Implementation Rules by Committology

– Implementation phase (2009-2013)• implementation and monitoring of measures

© 2005 by ies


Commission Services co-ordinate

Spatial Data Interest Communities participate

Projectscontribute

Drafting Teams

Consolidation TeamProto-typestest

Pilots validat

e

CEN, ISO, OGC contribute

INSPIRE Expert Groupadvises

INSPIRECommittee

votes

ECadopts

Publicreviews

Implementing RulesDraft

Implementing RulesFormal Internet Consultation

ReviewCall for InterestExisting Reference Material

Experts are proposed

Association phase Drafting phase Review phase

LMOsre-view

MSapply

Relevant international initiatives© 2005 by ies

Conclusions

• GI Technology is basis for GSDI

• National GDIs being established

• INSPIRE supports GDI on European and national level


Agenda

• Introduction







Agenda

Implementation: Geobasisdata and GSDI

• Development in Germany• First Generation of Geoinformationsystem 1971• Second Generation , the AAA-System (AFIS/ALKIS/ATKIS), Paradigm Shift 1997 • Application of ISO/TC 211 Standards


Demand of Spatial Information

finance/tax

licensed surveyer

building office

mining office

environment protection

communication

forestry

health

owner

economy

architecture

planning

engineering

construction company

mining company

nature protection

landconsolidation

road-construction

soil research

water

railway

post

energy supply

gas

water

insurance

broadcasting cooperation

static

research

science

fire-rescue

police

politicans

municipaltiy

privacysettlementcompany

cadastre/landregister

state survey

LANDINFORMATION


• Philosophy

• Laws/Regulations

• Organisation

• Techniques

• Qualified Staff

Main Criteria for Systems

• Economicalness

• Standardization


• Completeness

• Up-to-Dateness

• Availability/Supply

• Accuracy

Criteria for Data Quality

• Economicalness

• Standardization

• Establishment• Actualisation• Availability/Supply


Innovation

Cycles of Innovation

Hardware 2-5 years (overestimated)

Software 5-10 years (underestimated)

Manpower 10-20 years (disregarded)

Data > 20 years (underestimated, most important)

Relations of Costs

Hardware – Software – Data = 10 – 10 - 80


State Survey

• Data on the whole state territory

• with topographic items and

• information on terrain

• in ATKIS object-related: settlements, traffic, waters, vegetation, areas, land forms

Real Estate Cadastre

• Inventory of all real estate, valuation

• Geometric (illustrative) data, boundaries, descriptive data, land use, data on ownership, topographic features ... in ALB parcel-related

• in ALK layer-structured

Traditional Land Records

© Adv


History

STATE SURVEY

18th Century• Trigonometry• Topography• Cartographymilitary mapping

CADASTRE

18th and 19th Century• Land Distribution and Registering19th Century• Tax Cadastre

1873 Central Directory for Surveying Order: Cadastre has to be referred and connected toState Survey

German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch)Official Landregistration (Grundbuch) with Cadastre Mapand alphanumerical data as reference (Real Estate Cadastre)

1900

History/Development


• Starting as Tax Cadastre, later Property Cadastre

• Official register (reference) for Landregister (de facto since 1872)

• Nowadays: Multipurpose Cadastre, Basis for all spatial related Informationsystems

History (II) of Landregistration



Landregister (II)

• Precondition of every acquisition of real estate• Registration compulsory• Principle of application• Principle of registration• “Garantie“ for correctness of data (§ 891 BGB)• Public trust of contents and form (§ 892 BGB)

Effect of Landregistration



Real Estate Book (ALB, alphanumerical data)

• Identifier of parcel• Coordinate of parcel• Location• Area• Real Use• Public legal data (Soil Assessment)• Other data

Real Estate Map (ALK, geometric data)

• Presentation of parcels, exact in location and scale • Parcel boundaries • Real Use• Results of Soil Assessment• Public restrictions• Other Data

Surveying data (elements)

• Calculated coordinates• Results of surveying activities• Not for public information



Land-Register


Original data of Landregister

Original data of Real Estate

Section 1

Register of Real Estate

OwnershipData

Real Estate Data

System of Landregistration


History/Development

1924 Committee for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre• Implemementation of Gauß-Krüger-System• Cadastre to be referred to State Survey• Unification of Cadastre and State Survery definitely

New Basic Law for Surveying and Cadastre for all Germany• Verification and Standardization• Organization• Laws/Legal/Technical Regulation• Assessment for Tax Implementation• Control Network ONE GERMAN SYSTEM

1934

1924-43

1950

Housing Tax (Hauszinssteuer)

Federal Republic of GermanyAdV and 10 States and Feral Agency (IfAG)

Adoption of First German Geoinformation system (Cadastre (ALB,ALK) and Topography (ATKIS))

Reunification AdV 16 States + Federal Agency (IfAG, BKG) - 11/89

AdV Second Generation of Geoinformationsystems for unifiedCadastre and Topography (AFIS/ALKIS/ATKIS)

Geobasisdata GSDI

1971

03.10.1990

1997


AA

LLBB

AA

LLKK

Neu Hagen

Kaltenmoor Hagen

LÜNEBURG

AATT KKIISS

Conversion Of Paper-Based Maps To Digital Datasets In Germany


Paradigm Shift

Since 1997: Concept of AdV for Modelling of Geoinformation of the Official Surveying and Mapping“

Cornerstones• Integrated maintenance of graphic data and descriptive data• Constant object view• Data maintenance without redundancies• User profile according to data protection legislation• Focus on customers• Economicalness of the concept

• Integration of Cadastre Map and Register (ALK and ALB) • Harmonisation of Cadastre and Topographic Mapping (ALKIS-ATKIS)


Target System

Only one data model for

Spatial Reference System AFIS

Real Estate Cadastre ALKIS

Topography ATKIS3A - base schema, one 3A - application schema

NAS = standard-based data exchange format

Co-ordinated data capture, maintenance andsupply/delivery

Geospatial Base Data Information Management (GIM)

Implementation (stage-wise realisation)

Uniform geospatial base datasets for Germany


AFIS

ATKIS

ALKISALKIS


ALKIS®/ATKIS® - Reference Model

ALKIS-data

ATKIS-DLM

Landscape

Orthophotos

Maps andother

documents

TIFF, DXF, ...

Prescription level

DigitalALKIS-

excerpts

Paper-basedALKIS-

excerpts

Production level

Communication level

ATKIS-DTK

Topogra-phicalMap

Users ofpaper excerpts

Users of object-structured data

Users of processed information

to be reproduced in to be reproduced in

data capture

processed to printed as

NAS : standard-orientateddata exchange format

ALKIS-ATKIS-Object Catalogue

data capture

data capture

ad

d. d

ata

ad

d. d

ata

settles

supplied to supplied to supplied to

describes


Uniform Geospatial Base Data

Buildings and Dwellings

Land Use + Special VegetationTerrain Contours

Substantial Structural Facilities without buildings and dwellings

Land Parcels

Uniform Geodetic Reference System- Position, Height, Gravity -

Public Restrictions, Encumbrances or other features

Information on Ownership

ALKIS

AFIS

ATKIS


Products from ALK / ALKIS and ATKIS

Real EstateMap

AK 5

ALK

TÜK250

DTK250

DTK500

ÜK500

DLM250

JOG250

DTK1000

IWK1000

DLM1000

IWK1000

TK10

TK25TK25

DTK10

DTK25

DTK25

DLMB

DLMB

DGK5

TK50

TK100

DTK50

DTK100

DLM50


Use of Modern Communication Structures - Internet services - E-Commerce - E-Government

Digital World - Data models - Object catalogues - Data exchange formats

Networking - Nation-wide, uniform structure - Integrated approach - Federal Government - States - Local Authorities - Administration - Business

Coordination/Standards - Coordinating bodies - Standards - Industry Standards

New Requirements


G2C

B2C

Business

CitizenAdministration

G2B


Geodata Management

Topographyfrom

DigitalLandscape

Models

Additional cartographicinformation

Buildings from Real EstateMaps (ALK)

Relieffrom

DigitalTerrainModels

dtm

atk

dtk

dlm


Use of Geoinformation

• Importance of geoinformation

• Thorough strategy for state, regions and municipalities

• Development of geoinformation and SDI

• Transfer to business

• Easier access to geodata

Revision of Legal Situation

Political Decision


Paradigm Shift

• Economicalness Much of the information redundant in register and map

Multiple acquisition and maintenance of information

• Customer Requirements Users expect geoinformation usable in a flexible manner and integrated service delivery

• Nation-wide Uniformity of Datasets Increasing importance (also in a European context)

Decision of the German Bundestag on the use of GI

Harmonisation at state borders


Separation of Germany 1949/1961


http://www.flaggen.org/images/products/Flaggen-022.jpg

http://images.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.klingenburg.de/images/Flagge-BRD.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.klingenburg.de/&h=230&w=384&sz=7&tbnid=1QK6S92tBIAJ:&tbnh=71&tbnw=118&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflagge%2Bbrd%26hl%3Dde%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

Reunification 1989/1990


German Official Map System

Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG)

ATKISDLM 200

DLM 1000

1 : 200 000

1 : 250 0001 : 500 000

1 : 1 Mio.

State surveyoffice

ATKISDLM 25

DLM 50

Topographic map (TK 25)TK 50TK 100

1 : 25 000

1 : 50 0001 : 1 00 000

Cadastral officeALKCadastral mapGerman basic map (DGK 5)

1 : 1 000 (500)1 : 5 000

digital systemanaloque mapscale

Topographic map (TÜK 200)TÜK 250TÜK 500Intern. World map


AFIS

ATKIS

ALKISALKIS


Spatial-Related Information System

GEOBASE INFORMATION SYSTEMWith Official geodetic reference system

REAL ESTATE(Parcels and buildings)

GEOTOPOGRAPHY

REAL ESTATE CADASTRE

Elements‘number‘

‘map‘ alphanumeric‘register‘

COMPILATION OF ARIAL

PHOTOGRAPHS

arialphoto-graphs

digitalphoto-graphs

TOPOGRA-PHICALSURVAY

DLMDigital Landscape

Model

AUTHORITATIVETOPOGRAPHIC

MAPS

DKMDigital

Cartogr. Model

rasterdata

mapprints

ALKAutomated Legal

Map

ALBAutomatedCadastralInventory

ATKIS TM

Authoritative Topographic Cartographic Information System

ALKIS TM

Authoritative Real Estate Information System

I n t e g r a t i o n

Spatial (Area)-related information systems of specialized applications | Client

Database Specialized Communikation(processing, further application)

Surveying and cadastral administation


Requirements for a ESDI

• Harmonized geodetic reference• Metadata for discovery of existing data• Harmonized geodata and geo-services• Bundle geodata and geo-services within one European portal• Handle access rights and licensing policies for all users • Controlling and monitoring of the implementation within the EU

member states• Methodology for building up a ESDI (considering process,

consensus process, decision making etc.)• Keep data where it is collected and maintained and make it

accessible for other using geo-web services (WMS, WFS etc.) • All these issues are addressed by the INSPIRE framework directive

and the implementation rules

A European spatial data infrastructure basically needs (strategic view)


Preconditions for a SDI (data modelling view)

• Model-driven approach for describing the data • Semantic harmonization of the existing data as far as

possible and sufficient (feature catalogues)• Application of the ISO standards for data modelling

and encoding • Implementation of metadata information systems for discovery

and access to the data

• Implementation of interoperable web services fordata access distribution (ISO, OGC)

• Operational issues (registries etc.) • Legal issues (data sharing, IPR etc.)• Pricing

AAA data model

Contribution of the AAA Model to the European SDI


• Model-driven Approach is promoted for a ESDIRecommendations are listed in the Technical Report CEN/TR 15449

“Geographic information - Standards, specifications, technical reports

and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructures”

• Unified Modelling Language (UML)• Use international Standards• Determine ISO-profiles for specific domains• Generic Structure of the AAA data model• Baseline for thematic application schemas: The AAA Basic Schema• Data about data: Metadata• AdV Web Services


Components of the AFIS-ALKIS-ATKIS-Data model

Data exchange interfaceNAS (standard based data exchange interface

AAA basic schema as profile of ISO that specifiescommon used data elements (e.g. geometric primitives)

UML

ALKISfeature catalogue

automated creation byusing a tool

(Rational Rose script)

ATKISfeature catalogue

AAA thematical schemaUML

interfacexxx

xxx-feature catalogue

Thematical schemaxxx

Generic Structure of the AAA data model


Conclusions

• The AAA data model with the basic schema offers a thematic-independent and generic model framework that can be a baseline for modelling of other thematic domain data models. That will help to standardise the geoinformation in Germany.

• A SDI for geoinformation (not just geodata) needs an exact and transparent definition of the sharable data. Therefore the same methodology as defined with the AAA data model can be used.

• The AdV offers support by using the UML tools for defining the data model and deriving the data exchange interface. Specific guidelines have been published on the AdV home page. The AdV guaranties maintenance at least until 2012.

• The AAA data model consequently meets the requirements of a data-centric view on a SDI.

• INSPIRE is going to implement a similar modelling methodology based on ISO standards.

• The success of the AAA data model bases on the consequent use of international GI standards from ISO.


Agenda

• Introduction







Economic Benefits of Standardisation- Summary of results -

• The benefit to the national economy amounts to more than US $ 15 bn per year

• Standards contribute more to economic growth than patents and licences

• Companies that participate actively in standards work have a head start on their competitors in adapting to market demands and new technologies.

• Transaction costs are lower when European and International Standards are used.

• Research risks and development costs are reduced for companies contributing to the standardization process.

Standardization Benefits


Hans Knoop

[email protected]@t-online.de

+49 - 511 - 57 19 73 tel+49 - 511 - 161 21 30 fax+49 - 179 - 231 20 27 mobile

Questions & Discussion

Thank you!


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