ISOC - IXPs in Africa and Beyond

www.internetsociety.org

IXPs in Africa and Beyond Jane Coffin

The Internet Society

April 2013

Tunis

IXP Workshop


Agenda

•  Introduction to the Internet Society

•  The Role and Effect of IXPs

•  Formula for Internet Development

•  ITE in Action


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Our Mission

To promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world.


The Internet Society at Work

To achieve our mission, the Internet Society:

Provides leadership in policy issues

Advocates open Internet Standards

Promotes Internet technologies that matter

Develops Internet infrastructure

Undertakes outreach that changes lives

Recognizes industry leaders


Global Presence

91 Chapters Worldwide

70000+ Individual Members

146 Organization Members

5 Regional Bureaus

17 Countries with ISOC Offices

NORTH AMERICA

SOUTH AMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

THE MIDDLE EAST

ASIA


Africa 25 Chapters | 11,705 members

Benin Burundi Cameroon Chad Congo Cote d'Ivoire Dem. Rep. of Congo

Gambia Ghana Kenya Liberia Mali Mauritania Mauritius

Morocco Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia

South Africa Togo Tunisia Uganda


How We Work

Operating at the intersection of policy, technology, and development allows the Internet Society to be a thought leader on issues key to the Internet’s continued growth and evolution.

Technology

Development Policy


Our Global and Regional Mission and Achievements Given the complexity, cross-disciplinary, and global nature of the issues we address, the Internet Society advances its work on a cross-organizational, geographically broad basis

This allows us to apply a range of knowledge, expertise, and capacities to advance our objectives locally, regionally, and globally

By working with a range of partners from non-profit agencies, local and global NGOs, academia, technologists, local councils, federal policy and decision makers, business and more, we want to make sure that the voice, expertise, and imagination of the different communities can continue to develop the Internet


Regionalization

Our regionalization strategy, spearheaded by our Regional Bureaus, extends the Internet Society's reach, influence, and reputation as a truly global organization by building our local relevance, legitimacy, and credibility, while strengthening our impact at the local level

Our Regional Bureaus play a key role in driving a full range of operational activities such as policy, technology, capacity building, membership and business development in a manner tailored to unique local needs.

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Key Projects and Priorities in the Regions - 2013

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The Role and Effect of IXPS

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Role of IXPs

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•  A primary role of an Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is to keep local Internet traffic within local infrastructure and to the reduce costs associated with traffic exchange between networks.

•  improve the quality of Internet services and drive demand in by reducing delay and improving end-user experience

•  convenient hub for attracting hosting key Internet infrastructures within countries

•  Catalyst for overall Internet development

•  Not limited to commercial ISPs, wide rage network or data service can benefit from participating •  E-Gov, Universities, etc.


IXPs Around the World

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Source: TeleGeography World IX Map, http://www.internetexchangemap.com/


Africa and Latin America Leading Annual IXP Growth Rates

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Source: Kende, M., Report for the Internet Society: How the Internet continues to sustain growth and innovation, October 2012 Data from Packet Clearing House and AnalysysMason estimates


Measuring the Benefits and Impacts of IXPs:Kenya and Nigeria Case Study"

•  Reduced latency increasing performance and driving demand -- Especially for data-heavy applications, including video #

•  Direct savings on international transit ($1.5M p.a. Kenya, $1M Nigeria)#

•  Benefits facilitating e-government and education services -- e.g. Kenya Revenue Authority, West African Examination Council #

•  Catalyzing local hosting and content industry -- Repatriation of financial platforms in Nigeria, Data center investment in Kenya #

•  Increased mobile data market by an estimated $6 million in Kenya; KIXP is attracting regional traffic#


Building Participation Incentives Beyond Peering Value

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Internet Root Servers Mirrors ccTLD / gTLD servers Network Time Servers Network Monitoring Tools

Increased quality of service

Local service resiliency

Getting to peering participation break-even can be a challenge in some markets

“Value-added” services and other performance enhancing benefits can provide incentives


CDN Caches: Localizing International Content"

•  In addition to creating local hosting, local cashing of Content Delivery Network content is a key opportunity.

•  Implementation of Google Caches and pops has had an impact on local traffic growth

• Localized Google traffic represents more than 50% of traffic exchanged at KIXP and IXPN

•  CDNs report that the existence of a robust IXP is a key decision factor in decision making on cache/pop locations

EPF-7 Malta 17- 19 Sept, 2012#

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Mar-03 Dec-05 Sep-08 Jun-11

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Dec-06 Dec-07 Dec-08 Dec-09 Dec-10 Dec-11

Mbit/s

IXPN

KIXP


Formula for Development: What kind of infrastructure is needed for an IXP?

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Physical Infrastructure

Human Infrastructure

Governance Infrastructure

•  Important to think of IXPs beyond the “Boxes and Wires”

•  3 types of infrastructure •  Physical •  Governance •  Human

•  IXP projects are most vulnerable when the key focus is on physical infrastructure

•  Human infrastructure and capacity building is the key driver of success and sustainability


Physical Infrastructure

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KIXP – Kenya

LIXP – Lesotho

IXPs need not be expensive to be effective. The London Internet Exchange, the now the largest IXP in the world, started with 5 members on a donated switch.

IXPN - Nigeria


Governance Infrastructure

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•  Not-for-profit, member-driven governance model is most common globally

§  From small IXPs to some of the largest in the world. For-profit/commercial IXPs generally limited to exceptionally strong markets.

•  Neutrality and transparency are key

•  Including IXP not competing with its members/participants,

•  Inclusive policies and processes

§  Encourage NRENs, e-Gov Networks, etc.

§  Sustain member engagement / development beyond start-up, vision for the future.

•  Mandatory Multilateral Peering vs Bilateral Peering Policy


Human Infrastructure

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•  The most important factor for start-up and sustainability.

•  Understanding the value proposition

•  Trust and relationship building is essential

•  Technical Capacity Building •  Both at the network operator/IXP participant level and the IXP operations

level. •  Building local and regional communities of practice to sustain

and grow knowledge. International cooperation.

•  Reducing the information asymmetry to empower local and international opportunities IXP 80/20: “80% Social Engineering, 20% Technical Engineering”#


Keeping IXPs in Context…

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§  IXPs can be a catalyst of a robust Internet environment and market.

§  Many other issues are involved in promoting a robust interconnection and traffic exchange environment in a country / region.#

§  Barriers and bottlenecks along the service chain are various and challenging:#–  Backhaul and Leased Capacity#

§  More costly to send traffic from Abuja to Lagos, than Lagos to London. Cape Town to Jo’burg similar#

–  Cross-border connectivity, policy and licensing issues#–  International gateways, landing stations#

§  With falling international capacity prices (including around Africa), there is also opportunity to take advantage of international peering opportunities. #

§  ISOCs situates its IXP work within the broader interconnection and traffic exchange (ITE) context. #

#

Interconnection and Traffic Exchange (ITE): Programmes and Projects

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Need for Capacity Building

•  An IXP benefits from network effects – the more members it has, the more valuable it becomes to join the IXP in order to be able to exchange traffic with the existing members

•  As a result, a well-run IXP providing such benefits can develop critical mass, becoming home to many or all of the ISPs and content providers in the country, and bringing significant benefits to its members and the surrounding ecosystem

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Photos: © Internet Society/Shoot the Earth/ Nyani Quarmyne


Advancing the Value and Viability of IXPs "

Level “0” No IXP

Level 1 “Boxes and Wires”

Level 2 Core Functionality

Level 3 Catalysing Growth

Level 4 Thriving, Critical Infrastructure

•  Not all at the same level of development! •  Most current IXPs only between “Level 1 and 2”

•  We aim to move IXPs “Up the Curve!”



ITE Our Interconnection and Traffic Exchange (ITE) Programme is multifaceted, and aims to address a broad range of challenges related to improving the situation in these countries. Activities under the ITE Programme include:

•  Assisting universities, government network operators, and ISPs to gain the world-class knowledge and skills needed to build reliable, cost-effective, and interconnected networks,

•  Assisting the launch of new Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) in developing economies, and helping stakeholders maximize the use of IXPs already in place,

•  Facilitating multi-stakeholder collaborations on these issues, including initiating and organizing the African Peering and Interconnection Forum (AfPIF) http://www.internetsociety.org/events/african-peering-and-interconnection-forum-afpif) and supporting the Latin American and Caribbean IXP Association (Lac-IX), and

•  Assisting policy-makers and regulators to develop approaches to expand the Internet and to create a beneficial interconnection and traffic exchange landscape.

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Examples of ITE Work

ISOC’s expertise and experience in ITE includes the following (II):

•  Technical training on the establishment, operation, and administration of IXPs, including providing a training kit, traveling technical laboratory, and relevant follow-up workshops

•  Studies and Reports Financial/equipment support for the establishment of IXPs

•  Convener/Facilitator of multi-stakeholder buy-in and cooperation

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ITE in Action"



IXP Toolkit & Best Practices Project

•  The Internet Society has been awarded a grant by Google.org to extend its Internet exchange point (IXP) activities in emerging markets.

•  The grant builds on the Internet Society’s previous efforts and will create a:

•  Toolkit: Study and methodology to assess IXPs

•  IXP “Portal”

•  Training


ITE in Action: “Lifting Barriers” Study

§  Follow-on report that focuses on other factors needed to create an “enabling” Internet environment.

§  More needed to be said – not only IXPs

§  Timing – global attention

§  Benefit – shift the focus to multiple factors that contribute to connectivity

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Africa Peering and Interconnection Forum (AfPIF)"



AfPIF

•  The African Peering and Interconnection Forum addresses the key interconnection, peering, and traffic exchange opportunities and challenges on the continent and provides participants with global and regional insights for maximising opportunities that will help grow Internet infrastructure and services in Africa

•  AfPIF aims to foster national and cross-border interconnection opportunities by providing a forum where key players from infrastructure and service providers, IXPs, regulators and policy makers can engage in a relaxed but business like environment, sharing their experiences and learning from experts in the field

•  AfPIF – 4: 2013 Date and Location - 3 - 5 September, 2013 - Casablanca, Moroccohttp://www.internetsociety.org/events/afpif-2013-3-5-september-2013


AfPIF-3 Southern Africa"


•  New format: 3 day event (Day 1 - peering coordinators/Days 2 and 3 - forum discussions) •  Operators from Cape-town to Cairo •  Theme “Addressing Africa’s Internet Transit Deficit” •  Over 200 participants from 33 countries •  11 Sub-Saharan IXPs present


AfPIF – 3 Major announcements

•  Agreement between 11 IXPs in Africa to work towards establishing the African IXP Association: “AF-IX”"

•  Twinning of MOZIX with Netnod under the Euro-IX twinning program"

•  Partnership between AMSIX and KIXP - IXP in Mombasa"

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African Internet Exchange System (AXIS)"



AXIS •  The Internet Society has been contracted by the African

Union to conduct 60 capacity building workshops in 30 African Union Member States that do not have IXPs (AXIS Phase I) §  30+ Best Practice Workshops and community mobilization §  30+ Technical Aspects workshops (hands-on)

•  The AXIS project supports the establishment of a continental African internet infrastructure.

•  The overall AXIS project aims to create an African internet system by setting up: §  Internet exchange points in 33 African countries §  five regional internet hubs §  five regional and three continental internet carriers



Jane Coffin [email protected]

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