1
.I.SS¦ ni n.I i. _*¦*..._..._» ANCIENT AMERICANS. INDIAN LIFE AS gEKN BY THE JESUIT FATHKRR OF NEW-FRANCE. THE JESUIT RELATIONS AND ALLIED DOCU¬ MENTS. Trtvels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New-France-lfilO-17». The Original French. Latin and Italian Texts, with English Translations and Notes, illus¬ trated bv Portraits. Maps and Fac-Slmiles Edited by Reuben Gold Thwaite*. Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Vol. I. Acadia. 16HM613; pp. xvi. 319. Vol 11. Acadia. lllMfnt: pp. Si": Vol. IV. Acudía nnd Quebec. l«l(*-162i>; pp. 272. Vol. V, Quebec. lUTC-H*.:«; PP- 290. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Com¬ pany. RESEARCHES UPON THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. In the Delaware Valley and the Kastern United States. Bv Henry C. Mercer. Curator of the Museum of American and Prehistoric Ar- ehfoologv at the University of rennsyivania. Pp. ITS." (Publications of the University ot Pennsylvania.) Boston: Glnn A Co. Mr. Thwnltes's tvnrk Is one thnt appeals tf> ,ho sympathy of all Interested In American studies, whether as ethnologists, religionists, historian« or statesmen. Hitherto the narratives of the French Jesuit missionaries in Canada have been acressilile.where they Wtrl in print at all.only in the original editions or in limited and costly reprints. The few writers who dealt with the affairs of New-France had to make use of all these ancient writings that they could find, «while the majority of both authors and readers contented themselves with knowledge furnished them at second hand. Hut In the series now so handsomely begun they will he able to read the reports In English as well as to make them¬ selves familiar with the original text If they choose. The translations an« made with the ut¬ most care We have noticed but one serious slip. That Is In a Biblical rjuotatltm, where the translator has quoted more than the French text gave a warrant for, and probably has added Just the clause which the Frenchman, dedicating his work to trie Queen, omitted from motives of deli¬ cacy. The passages In comparison will be found on pages 102 and WS rf the first volume. I. OUR INDEBTEDNESS»- TO FRENCH TACT. » These old writings, in addition to their value in history and the formal sciences «if humanity. are of perennial Interest In the study of human natufb at large. France was then, as now, the most polished of European nations. In the New World the tendency,of Frenchmen was to adapt themselves as far as possible to the savage so¬ ciety in which they found themselves. Before their settlements had takt n rout in the far East, adventurous spirits w.-re roving through the forest a'oout the Orent Lakes, penetrating nearer every season to the heart of the Continent, and tinally passing onward to the shores of the l'a- Clflc; searching every valley, paddling on every river, and making a welcome for th«*,msolvep. In every wigwam. Mr. Thwaltes corrects the state- ment that the Jesuits were the first to roam, From th.» very outset he finds that the traders looking aft er peltries were the pion, ers of French advance in the Men* W< rid. But in the rude fur barer and the rdu lated Jesuit the tendency- was the same, na.ii--!>, to comprehend the native as h« was Plainly, if the French had won North America they would, by the mere force of circumstances and l.v the bent £ their own Inclination, have built up a nation on the basis of aboriginal life. Just ns Home did in Germany and Gaul and Britain. They found In the red man a virtue and an intelligence which their rivals the English were slow to discover. His fréquent outbreaks did not discourage them. They compared his habits to thfise recorded of their own Gallic ancestors, and they found for the homlnv brand of the Algonquins a parallel in something Pliny had said about the earliest Romans. Th. y were Indulgent rather than avene to the j rmperstltllMM of the Wild races. True, they fan- tied ihat the devil lurk-d beneath many of the savage rit»s which they witnessed, but they wer«- not Inclined to quarr- 1 even with Satan so long ns he displayed a reasonable approach to French courtesy. It is us.-less to mourn an ir- reparable loss; but undoul.w-dlv, if French Jesuits Instead of Spanish Dominicans had got possession <>f the libraries f ancient Mexico, the world would now be the richer by a whole realm of peculiar and original literature, as valuable, perhaps, as that Which is now being recovered in Egypt. They studied how far it was wjse to yield to superstition, and as they were men versed in all the learning of their times, they sought guidance from past example. Of course they would not have gone so far as Marc Les- carbot. whose writings are among the first In these minante This author, t lough outwardly a Catholic, sympathized with the Huguenots, .who were the first settlers at Fort Royal, nnd some of his expressions show that he considered the Jesuits backbiting bosT/bodles whom he would gladly have excluded from the new coton?, It was plainly il response to covert sneers that no mission work was done among the natives .when the clergyman of the colony baptized some¬ what hurriedly a whole group of Indians, whose names were reported promptly in France. But this proceeding was at once criticised as hasty, and so Legcarl.ot, apologizing for the heathen¬ ism latent, and occasionally far from latent, in the converts, remarked that the deep-rooted habits of people could not be eradicated in a moment. The Apostles had to yield to the weak¬ ness of oth°rs, and paganism still affected the practice of the Church. "Witness," he added, "the ceremonies of the candk-s on Candlemas. the processions of the Rogation-days, the bon¬ fires of St. John the Baptist's Day. the holy water, and many other traditions that we have in the Church, which have been Introduced for a laudable purpose to convert to a good usage .what had only been abused." If the Spanish priests could have looked at the matter In this way they would not have been so ready to find the devil In the startling analogies to Christi¬ anity which they beheld in Central America and Peru, particularly in the holy water, worship of the cross, the divine motherhood of a virgin. and baptism both by immersion and t-prinkling. The Spaniards, as Hr. Hrinton remarks, com¬ forted themselves with the thought that St. Thomas may have extended his apostolic Jour¬ neys to the western shores of the New World, a thing not so dlflicult to believe as long as th« y thought themselves on the borders of Cathay. They had to yield much to the natives, particu¬ larly the custom of keeping up a perpetual fire. But the Jesuits, on going to New-Franco, ap¬ pear to have looked Into earlier literature for direct precedents. II, A TYPICAL JESUIT MISSIONARY. The Venerable Bede could hardly be#_llei a familiar author in the «seventeenth century. But it Is to Bede that Father Blard, one of the first among the Jesuit missionaries in Acadia. turned for arguments in his narrative of Bill!. He doubtless felt the similarity th'-re was between his scvagea and those among whom Bede arose like a light in the darkness. To the eyes of the French public he addr seed first such arguments in favor of developing New-Fiance as occurred to him on the score of temporal prosperity. Then he turned to the other aspect of the case, the one most obvious to a man who had In his time been a teacher of theology at Lyons, a willing missionary and an unwilling exile from New- France, and urged the point that Franco w-o y Id Instar a divine penalty by neglect of the natives. C""v; example of the Scots and the Britons was Just to his hand. According to Bede, the Scot» readily Imported their knowledge of religion to the Saxons. In spite of the fad that the latter were enemies and Invaders. But the Briton, held sullenly aloof. The result was that the former fared much the better of the two In the gradual spread of the Saxon power and of the Roman churthmanshlp which the Saxons culti¬ vated. There is a little feeling against the here¬ tic. In all this, but Blard was Justified by hi. .wn .uffering. He was one of the men taken prisoner by the Virginian Argali and sent back to Europe on the plea that they had settled on English terrlt«iry It Is no wonder that he thought 111 of the English heretics, and expressed his conviction that they were In league with Satan. He and his companions had learned how- to converse with the Indians In a mixed tongue; they had got the catechism translated, and were beginning to look for a harvest as missionaries. "And, lo, at this moment." he exclaims, "the one who Is Jealous of all good, nnd particularly of human salvation, came, and, wickedly setting fire to all our Work, bore us away from the field. May the victorious Jesus, with His powerful hand and Invincible wisdom, confound him! Ainsi solt-11." All of which was only matter for thanksgiving among the Virginians, who had their own version of Argall's raid and their re¬ sponse to the pious "ainsi solt-11" In the "so mote It be" of Elizabethan preachers. The Jesuits soon found that It was tne thing to criticise the hasty acts of a lonely minister from the safe distance of the French Court, and another thing to take his place and do better. They questioned the power« and consecration of the pastor, who had Papal approval and Huguenot sympathies, with credentials obtained over the heads of the French Catholic prelates. His title of Patriarch, with Its suggestion of Oriental churchmanship and Independence, was a thing which apparently caused them much thought. But while the order In France enlarged on the Irregularities In the colony, the mis¬ sionaries made friends with their predecessor, speeded him as a parting guest, and counted his labor with their own when they computed the injury the d:«vll had done In lotting the Vir¬ ginians loose against them. While they con¬ fined their own baptisms to the dying, they be¬ came even enthusiastic about the character of one of the Patriarch's converts. It Is hard to say what the ratio was of reverence for royalty to pure love of exaggeration in the expressions of early explorers about American chieftains. The stir about allowing Poeahontas to marry an untltled Englishman, the Incredible misunder¬ standing as to Montezuma's real authority, and many other Incidents of the kind, show that white men carried their own political traditions to an absurd length in speaking of the red men. But, owing to the little religious difficulty which attended the very origin of Acadla, the French soon corrected their notions of savage monarchy. It was a great political move for the Patriarch to hav» baptized the head man of the Micmacs, but, as reported In France, this head man be¬ came the sagamore of all New-France. Les- carbot tr»ok the trouble to trace the word "saga¬ more" back to the Hebrew term "sogan," thus helping forward an exceedingly unprofitable theory about the descent of the Indians which has lasted to the present day. Now the Jesuits, having had nothing to do with converting the BSgamOfU, wore not tempted to exaggerate his nuthorlty. Lescarbot had truthfully explained that the position of an Indian chief was not at all like that of a French king. Hut tho Jesuits soon made It clear that the chieftainship was largely a matter of personal merit. They were not able to clear up the distinction which the Indians ma«le among the families of their tribes, amounting almost to the F.uropean casto system of nobles nnd commons, but they saw- that the boasted authority of tho sagamore was nothing more than one of their own order might attain among the Indiana by clever manage¬ ment. III. THE SAGAMORE MFMRERTOU. The name of this sagamore was Memhertou, and he was baptized as a namesake of Henry of Navarre. If the "Jesuit Relations" had done nothing more than to give the character of this one savage, they would still have Justified tho Acadian mission. Membertou was already an aged man when the Jesuits made hla acquaint¬ ance. In fact, he was supposed to be at least a hundred years old. He had passed the time when he cared to be treacherous and cruel and eager for war like his contemporary Powhatan in Virginia. Still, the memory of the years when he had been as bloody-minded as any still lin¬ gered among liis adherents. Champlaln de¬ scribed him as " a friendly savage, although he bad the name of being the worst and most traitorous man of his tribe.'' His fellow-tribes¬ men doubtless looked back to those days of his prowess. They spoke of him as a great warrior and gave him the name of Great Chief, which certainly «»ounds big In the Magnus Imperator of Jesuit I/atln. Rut he had now reached the philosophic stage of life, and his garnered wls- dom sometimes startled the good fathers as al¬ most miraculous Insight Into the mysteries of the religion which they were trying to teach. His morality, even as a heathen, astonished them: for while othf*** men of means and con¬ sideration in the tribes had many wives, ho would have only one. and ho defended his con¬ duct on the grounds of nature and reason. He had also the renown of being expert In the se¬ cret lore of his raee. so that he met the Catholic priests on ground with which he was as familiar as a savage could be. His duplicity must have been very profound, Indeed, to have fooled men trained in the study of human nature. But he was in fac« simple- minded. His thoughtfulness and his sagacity were the results of long experience In a mind naturally v!_orous. Without the aid of a com- mon language he could divine from facial ex- pression and gesture the ideas «if these black« robed men_WhO had com«- so far to Instruct him. It is to their credit ns honest men that he trusted them, and that hi- saw tho benign meaning of ceremonies which other Indians naturally took for something like their own magic, only moro dangerous and more powerful. Perhaps he thought tho Catholic service magical, too. but he had the courage tu wish for the power It gave. He had the natural oratory of an Indian, and he would have been glad to add to It the gifts of a Christian preacher. He urged the mlsslunarbs to learn his language as speedily as possible, so that they might teach him all the mysteries of their faith, while they confess that he seemed already to know more than they could teach him. For they had learned before this time the defects of a savage language, namely, that It has words enough for all the doings of common life, but almost n«»no for those things that elude the senses. Words could do little unless there was a common un¬ derstanding beforehand. As a rule, the Indian converts attached no meaning to their new re¬ ligion. But they thought that baptism made them like the French. It was a sort of naturali¬ zation They welcomed the cross ns a beneficent amulet. In varh'US ways they displayed keen Int'Tfst and keen Intelligence, which the Jesuits could appreciate after th<« experience of their order with other wild races. "I confess," wrote one of them, "we often see In these navag)-s natural and graceful qualities which will make any but a shameless person blush when they compare them to the greater part of the French who come over here." A little knowledge of the new religion led them to compare themselves with the Christians from beyond the sea. They congratulated themselves that they fought only with their enemies, never among themselves; that they were BMN intelligent than the French, as, Indeed, they were in all the affairs of savage life. Thus they were willing to have all the benefits of the new religion without its ohiiga- tlons. They would keep their own customs, their own vices, to whl< h they added, In spite of the dismayed fathers, an Insatiable appetite for brandy, but they would still sport the cross as a charm. Not so Membertou. He was the first of a oon« all «rablt» group of Imllan statesmen who, if they had bad behind th'in a people capable of united action, might have made France and the Jesuits supreme In North America. Catholicism ap¬ pealed to his senses, and It also met thoughts which he, in common with all his race, had vaguely cherished. The beings of his auper- nutural world lent themselves easily to varied meantime. The idea of on* Ood did not atria* him or his fellows as strange. It had occurred to him In a dim, accidental way often enough. A clear expression of the IdeA convinced his rea¬ son at once. As to the various powers which were nppcaled to In one exigency or another of llfo--he could easily agree with the priests that they were demoniac as.soon as he« felt the pres¬ ence of a greater power. Here he advanced to a stage of thought whi« h Is dwelt on In the "Ile- latlons." and Which was quite Hs high as that of the Jesuits themselves, or of the New-England clergymen who were soon nfterwtnd engaged In explaining the work of Providence with unparal¬ leled minuteness. To a Jesuit father who saw nn Indian made whole merely by the touch of the relies of St. Lawrence of Dublin, the testi¬ mony that a shoal of smelts had come In answer to prayer Just In time to prevent starvation was as convincing; as It was to Membcrtou himself. There were many such incidents within Mem- bertoti's experience or within the circle of his observation. Persons whoso life had bppn de¬ spaired of by the Indian doctors, himself among the number, had recovered at the mero word of the priests or of the head of the French colony. He could only explain theío things in one way, and fortunately his audience was not at all sceptical. Nevertheless, he had his Joke occa¬ sionally at the expense of his teachers. Once Hlard was trying to teach him the Paternoster. When he came to "Give us this day our dally bread," he exclaimed: "Oh, I can't stop at that! I must have moose-meat and fish." Sometimes, also, his Imagination ran away with his facts, as when he told Hlard, who was somewhat credu¬ lous, that In his young days the Micmacs wore as numerous on the Acadian coast as the hairs on his head. But he wan. on the; whole, a wise edd man, a forest philosopher, who taught the Frenchmen more than he learned from them. His Is not the only attractive native figure in these volumes. Of the historical and scientific value of tht> "Relations" much has been said; but their charm os narratives lies mainly In these human lives so very close to nature, and so little touched by anything like civilization as known to the European Invaders. To the lnvestlgatorr. of that time, and to many still, thin Indian life seemed to have a remote past In the regions where It was found. The predecessors of Membertou were reckoned back to a considerable antiquity, and It Is well known that the Iroquola physician Cuslck fancied he could give approximate dates in Indian history up to a tim<» nearly two thousand years ago. Slnc^« the discovery of cave men in Europe, the theories as to the antiquity of the red race have been much enlarged. It Is to this question that Mr. Mercer has addressed himself In his present work, as he did formerly In his study of the carea of Yucatan. Practically bis conclusions respecting the cave.dwellings an«l stone-weapon quarries of Pennsylvania are similar to those Which ho reached in Yucatan. Thrre Is almost no evidence of human life beyond a few- hundred years In the past. Only one extinct animal figures prominently In his list along with human relict, and that Is the peccary. But the surroundings led him to think that this animal was a mere survival among the species of the present day. The volume also contains a paper on shell heaps left by savages along York River. Maine, and there, too, after computing the time that an average tribe of Indlani would take in forming a given heap, he decides that the de¬ posits ar«> essentially modern In origin. Ap¬ parently he would not date the Indian's appear¬ ance on the Atlantic **OaS1 very far back In the medUeval period of Europe. But, «>f course, his book makes but one chapter In an Investigation when- there remains still much to be done. NEW NOVELS. A TRIt'MPH FOR MB. RICHARD HARDING DAVIS. SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE. By Richard Harding Davis. With Illustrations by C. IV Oibson. Oc¬ tavo, pp. 364. charles Scrlbticr's Sons. THE THIRD VIOLET By Stephen Crane. Oc¬ tavo, pp. 203. D. Appleto'n A Co ^ There ar«; two r»i«-»n« why Mr. Davta should hn .eongratulnted upon his "Soldiers of Fortune." In the first place, he has given us In It the novel of life» In a revolutionary South American State for Which we have long been waiting, and, further¬ more, lie lias mode It a rev-latlon of his fin"»t gifts. Ills orlgln.'illtv nn«l »kill In tho construction of a brief story havo long since been recognized; hi» animation and accuracy in descriptive narra¬ tive have won him a wide and a faithful puhll.»; hut he has don* enough work of an unsafIsfaetory nature to give «he re.ider pSUSa when It has come to acknowledging tn him a veritable m«ster of the art of fiction. He Is sue!. a master in "Soldiers of Fortune." His defects haw disappear«»«!. The cock¬ sure mannerisms and what might be eslled 'he color of an Inveterate crmmonplaceness have both been escaped. What is presented between the rov¬ ers of this delightful novel Is the work of a mst»ire romancer, writing out of a full mind and sure of bla ground. From all points of view- It Is a good book. In that relation alone, to which reference has been made above, In Its interpretation of the tone and movement of a South American State In Its characteristic condition of fermentation, we arc persuade«! that It Is unusually sympiitliet-» and exact. The reader Is not left to cultivate an Im¬ pulse of doubt. The whole thin« moves with such nrtl»-ss celerity. P'-rh.ips a President In the tropic« does not play such a tortuous n.imc as that of the Altares Of the present story; perhaps the new die* tator In the Held Is lees Of the meloilr.amaitc Indi¬ vidual that we find Mr. Davis's Mendoza; but he has certainly made those two men lifelike and convincing, he his painted In Mme. Alvarez just the sort of ambitious Woman who might be ex¬ pected to stand at the centre of such I crisis ns thai in the affairs of "lancho which Is here de- l irlbed, and th.« ba «aground l« Sited to the actors, the scene Is absolutely vivid .nul deluding. Wa are made to participate In tliWventa which have given a new power to the novelist's pen. und there Is not a paire In the hook whDh falis of its iffect. Poeefbly th.it last observation should be qnalifled. on pane IM the h« to. clay, Indulges in a apasm of self-pity whl'-h la hardly worthy of him. Rut to note this Is really to pay a tribute to the general excellence of the author's work, fer it WOUld be impoeefMa lo resent the lapse if Mr. Devis bad not bepl Iba hero so true to himself In every other episode ..f. th< story. Clsy is . man who c mid he 'consistent, who coulil be undevtstlflgl] strong and admirable, without being ¦ prig, lie nils the sta«« with the aplomb of a man who is almost an Ad« mlrable «'rlchton. but h« never reuses (0 he ;i man, he Is always Interesting, always sympathetic Hitherto Mr Davis has done Well In BketChhUJ rather obvious types of the Van Hlbb«-r or Get» laglHr Sort, but be has dniwn In «'luv a figure genuine dean throuch. and with thai touch of In¬ dividuality about him which manes ¦ personage m fiction raasambered for bla own sake lnete«td of as a type. The other selon in tin- drama are Individu« aitz<-<l too. Tii«> amiable millionaire, with his im-» for his familv and his Bhrewd business facultv; ills serenely Impeccable daughter, Alice, and her Impiluous bttl mora lOVable sister, Hope, in-.« all bodied forth distinctly, snd the men who aurround i'lay are equally well presented. They are all tlung into mi adventure the thrill of which Mr Davla has communicated to his pas«.s as thouch wit in.m an effort, and the book Is elOOSd with a feeling "f complete satisfaction. There Is only one point on which It' would l.. interesting to have some further iirik. dm MaeWilhama go to the. bungalow In white duck or the robes tjf conven¬ tional human Intercourse? Mr. (¡Ibson. In his Illus¬ tration, Is for the latter, but the text leaves the matter In doubt. When Mr. Stephen Craaa publia-lied "The Little Regiment," with some htorles In II that readers of fiction will not nt onee forg.-t, It aaesnod evident that be had thrown off the Incubus of that niions ambition which had led him to produce su. h a book us "Massle." Hut In "The Third Violet" he has reverted, more or less, lo the worst side of his realistic Ideal, in other words, to the ¡«¡«le where h«- Is not realistic ,,t all In any plausible »en«e The pi«»t of his narrative i» good, and, pitched In another key. tin- book might have turned out well. Rut Mr. Crane aeema to have not the im¬ pression aomewhere tuai the Impecunious urti«t of to-day is iiotiiinc if not slangy ami the reverse of fastidious in his personal habita H« Introduces . frowsy young mode) upon the scene, a person whom m would perhaps have u» believe had charma if »he hud he certslnly conceals ihem She remains frowsy and repelled! to the end. The bero baa a taint of eommonneaa which he can¬ not shake off; tin» heroine suffer« in the same rrsf and, aitn the best win in the world, it is etui dinVuit to reach any conclueton other thun ih.it th.- compsnj is profoundly disagreeable whether In the country or the city. The »lory move» from on« region t«> th<- other «nd I« true «nongn to the superficial aspeéis of both, but It« descriptions urn never «piite sdsquste, ami when they ,i¦.-.-*i w,ti, some of the phenomena of hiimnii life they become eTOteeOjUe. For example: "Hawker turn«--'! and found a young WMnan ref-srillng him. A wave of astonishment whirled Into hi« hair" Mr Crap* will have to produce something better than "The Third Violet" If he Is to keep on even the modest i,»_ oí ai» beat work. LITERARY NOTES. It Is denied In the "Academy," apparently frith authority, thnt Mr. Kipling did not go to the seat of war In the East for "The London Times." The centenary of the Battle of St. Vincent has brought much Nelson literature to the front this year, headed by Captain Mahan's fine biography, and now It la made known that a precious N*el»nn relic will be sold at Sotheby's In the fall. !t Is the manuscript of Lord Nelson's autobiography, which he gave to John McArthur In 171», and which was printed In the work of McArthur and Clark In 1809. Here is an opportunity for some lovers of his¬ tory and of letters to purchase the one memorial of Watson which It would be fitting to present to Captain Mahan In recognition of hi» Invnluable services to the literature of the great Admiral and of Brltlfih sea power. Collectors Interested In the brothers Concourt hn vaheen waiting Impatiently for the further cata¬ logues of the sale to arrive fr*m France, but they are still delayed, Apparently the executors are going to do the thing mentioned In this place at the outset of the sale, they are going to move heaven and earth to drag along the settlement of the Cloncourt affairs so slowly that by the time the famous "Academy" gets Its rights they will amount to very little In francs and centimes. The accom¬ panying portrait of Edmond de (ïoncourt Is taken from an etching by M. Hellen, and Is one of the most picturesque drawings ever made from the noted Frenohmin. He and his brother were both sketched by more than one famous artist. It would be Interesting to know what steps'the liter¬ ary executors of the brothers are taking to accumu¬ late data for a new "Life" to he published In 1900, when the concluding pages of the notorious Jour¬ nal are given to the world It Is true that the pair said enough about themselves, In all con¬ science, but their papers and collections make ,i prrfeet mine of personalia, and Paris will be very unlike herself if she does not contrive to bring a formal biography to light when the time comes. In fact. It may be preparing now, so expcdltlously art* these things dono to-day. A great many authors and more outsiders, the latter Including scores of publishers, have from time to time poured the vials of their wrath upon Sir Walter Bes-int, protesting that the Authors" Society, of which he has been so conspicuous a member, was dq^ig quite unnecessary work in "looking after the Interest» of authors." It Is often stated that the Authors and the publishers are capable of attending to their affairs without any assistance from an officious society. But It looks, jus' the same, ns If the Authors' Society were ex¬ actly the thing needed, for hardly a week goes l>y without soma friction arising between author and publisher. The latter has a blithe way with him when h» Is In the wrong that Is positively ex¬ hilarating. For example, one English writer sold a couple of papers to a syndicate a while ago. He had no Idea that they were ever to he published In book form. Perhaps If the syndicate had put them Into a book by themselves he would not have felt much aggrieved, but they suddenly Stinted the articles In a volume of a miscellaneous character, giving the Impression that the authors had eollaborateO. our author objects. The pub- Usher girds at him scornfully la the public prints. No doubt the publisher thinks he has Justice on his side, but to most people It will seem the other way. And here Is the Lenden publisher of a new edition of Kipling's "Departmental Ditties*' who has announced thnt it !s to be dedicated to "Bobs," otherwise I,ord Roberts. Kvery one who saw that announcement assumed that Kipling himself had addressed this dedication to the man who has figured so picturesquely In his writings. But It turns out to be the publisher who has done the iMng, and It would be Interesting to know what Kipling thinks of it, nnd what Ix>rd Roberts will MMsMer valuable In the episode. It may be noted here, by the way, that another of Kipling's M-ealied leaccuraulss, in "Captain. Courageous»" has been Investigated wl'h results confirmatory, of cours«-, of th»» author's arell-kno****l care In matters of local significance We refer to the "Virgin" rocks which one correspondent as¬ sured us not long Mnee could only exist In Mr. Kipling's Imagination. Another commentator writes; "R. K. 1» right. * n» usual. The Virgin Rocks or the 'Virgins' as they are often called- nre a group of banks where the wnter ranges In depth from three to thirty fathom«. They lie about seventy-five miles east of Cape Race and the group Is seven miles north and south by about two miles M8t and west. The r«n-k over which tb.er.»- Is only .bree fathoms, to be exact, lies In latitude north 4.; 2''. .".7"; longtltude west W 47' Hi". In time of rough weather the sea breaks badly over this entire .boni spot, which Is near the northern end of the (Irani Bank«. You will ftr.d the above Information In the Navigators' <¡tilde for Newfoundland and Labrador, page ML" "The Martian" is to be published In book form next fleptembe . The Harpers nre, of course, the publishers In this country. The next thing to know i--, the date of the appearance of a memoir of the author. So much la said In dispraise of the diction of the Scotch novelists of the day-a diction which «-very cue knows Is as lucid and an eloquent as diction can possibly be.that we think the following frag¬ ment from a book of "Braefoot Sketches," by Mr. J. Maefclnnen, will be welcomed for its ample Justl- llcatlon of the transparency und charm of "kail¬ yard'' prose. Readers of Ian Maclarcn and Mr. Crockett will, of course, protest that It has far |ses point, far less magic, than a page from either of their favorite authors, but It must b.« ndmittgd tli.it Mr. Mackinnun bas a noble way with him. Thus: " Wangle 'b rlcht stoch.-lty.' " Ay, he'll nlvi-r gle ye u bit o' nnethlng.' " 'A'll watch him again. A '11 seen be K'-ttln' u penny fa. my father.' " 'Am lettin' S penny on Setturday.' " Ta faer " 'Fae oor Geordle.' "'Ha! Ha!' " '(». bit a! a!' " 'l-'.it for d»ieln'?' " Never ye ound fat for daeln'.' " "ÖL A kent ye wlsna gettln't." " Bit A am sot gettln't. Surely A ken better gin you.' " 'Its a' lees, It's a' lees, Its a' lees. Haud yer tongue.' " No. A 'II nae baud my tongue. Fat dlv ye'_ " 'Fa 's gyan owre ta. the smiddy?' " 'Me.' 'An' me.' An' me. " Mrs. Alice Meynell ha» several new books In press. One of them, entitled "Flower of the Mind," Is to be an anthology of th«- lust poems In the English language. Anthol igles are always divert¬ ing for reasons in addition to those Inherent In the poem« themselves. ft Is always plcturenque uml edifying to study Hie taste of the editor. Tliero is something pathetic in the dolnga of those energetic young dilettanti whose periodicals an«! books have compelled attention In this country during the last few years because of their Inipu- d« MM or comicality or preclousness, Now and then one of the band will do i really fine piece of work and then spoil It through the crudity of hi» much-vaunted "taste " Mr. Libert Hubbard pro- vides a MUM In point. Ho has Just printed for Miss Adeline Knapp u little buok will, h verge» on being beautiful Paper and t>-p«. ate .squlslte, from ('.»vi¬ to .ov.-r th«- mai-ufa. lure of the l.o,,|j |» wi-llnlgli perfect And then The Roycroft Printing Shop" must "adorn" tho pages with initials ami borders In colors, It must put floral emhellM.ri.enta on the title page and It must abet Miss Knapp In produc¬ ing this legend for the title page "This Then Is Upland Pasture»," etc. etc., etc. To make matters weise, at the end of the volume they print, "fío here then en-leth l'pland Pastures by Adeline Knapp, as printed by me. Elbert Hubhard. st th« Roycroft Printing Shop in East Aurora, New- York, u. ¦. A." Co long as last Aurora confined itself to passing vagaries like "The Philistine" It. anncs wer»> amusing. But It s«*>**ms a pity that craftsmen capable ot such good work as has been put Into this book should be so willing to invalidste it by affectations ¿nd Immature -esthetlHsm. If Mr. rfabbard will only take a piece of classical literature nnd print It ns It Is perfectly plain he could print It. he will take rank among the best of our professional bookmakers. "Llpplneott's Mng.ir.1.1*" Is to have a new cover, or rather a cover which wilt he a modification of the old one. That old one h is been so long familiar that tho change will Interest many a mngatlne reader. Tennyson's benrlshncss In his own house and In the homes of others has been so frequently com¬ mented upc n that nn anecdote Illustrative of an- nther mood Is especially welcome. A correspondent of "The London Bpctntnr" says: "In lSiV). Just after his marriage, when he was staying at Conls- ton, he came over to apon.1 a. day with my grand¬ mother 'Mrs Fletcher, of Edinburgh'-at her house near Orasmere. Some of us to.jk him up Easedale, showing lilm Wordsworth's haunts tlx-re, nnd when we got In face of Sour Milk Ohyll be answered Its voice heartily with 'Th.î stationary b'asts of war- falls," etc. On Joining the old-fashioned family curly dinner., he was Interested by the four gen¬ erations ut the long table, noticing especially one little hoy of three: 'There's a glory about that child'; and the homely fare se»med to please him greatly, his face lighting up at the sight of a dish of beans nnd bacon, the like of which he had not seen of late, and wished he saw offener. On tak- lns leave he said: I've had a very Jolly day'; and, altogether, the union of enthusiasm and sim¬ plicity stiuck us as another Instance of what we had loi-r known In Wordsworth." Dr. O. Blrkbeck TTil 1. the high priest of Dr. John¬ son, has put. In shape at last his two volumes of "Johnsonian Miscellanies" and they will soon be publlsh-d. In the first volume there will be gath¬ ered together Johnson's prayer, and meditations, his account of his childhood, Mme. P'oszl's anec¬ dotes and Murphy's essays on the life and genius of Johnson. The second volume will contain let¬ ters from Johnson to various persons, extracts frorr the "Life." by Hawkins, many anecdotes drawn from different sources, and, finally, I concordance ef Johnson's sayings. The volumes will be mad" uniform with those of Dr. Hill's well-known edition of Boswell. A hook for which students have long been wait¬ ing Is In preparation In London. Mr. William Strang, the well-known etcher, who got his point of departure from Legros and then proceeded te show how original he could b. In his master'»- style, |s one of the authors, and Dr. Singer Is the other. Their book, "Etching, Engraving and the Other Processes of Picture Printing," will give I complete technical explanation of wood and sted engraving, drypolnt. m.-zzoflnt. aquatint, soft- ground etching, lithography, photogravure, "half¬ tone" and other prOesesM, There i.i no more awful tangl« of taohnlcalltles anywhere thin in the fiel 1 covered, by thin book. If It only combines lucidity with its technicality, It will be a boon beyor.d prl"--. The Kelmscott Frees Is slowing down. Three presses were In use during the lifetime of the founder, but since his death only two have been kept running. In order to complete the work he left unfinished, and as soon as that work-Is out of the way the Press is expected to be abandoned. Regret is. of course, being expressed on all tide., but it seems wise to discontinue the enterprise. Morris himself gavo It three-fourths of its reason for being. Now that he Is gone, and such of his prreepta have been adopted as were fitted to mod¬ ern printing, there Is no occasion for the prolonga¬ tion of the business. Mr. Oeorge Allen, who for some years has been Mr. Ruskln's publisher, announces a reissue of "Modem Painters." It Is to be In small form, com¬ plete w!th ell the original Illustrations. MAI MULLE WS FRIENDS. REMINISCENCES OF EMERSON. LOWELL. HOLMES AND OTHERS. Professor Max Müller In Cosmopolls. America does not send us Interviewers only, but nearly nil their most eminent men and their most charming women pay us the compliment of coming over to their old country. The*" generally rannol give, us more ihan I few days, or it may be a few hours only; and In that short «pace we also have to learn how to measure 'hem, how to appreciate and love them. It lias to be none quickly, or not at all Living at nxford. have nad the good fortune of receiving visits from Kmen-on, Dr. Wen¬ dell Holmes and Lowell, to speak of the brightest stars onlv. Each of thern .tared at our house for several da vs. so that 1 COUld take them in at leis¬ ure, while others had to 1» taken St on- gulp, often between one train nnd the sont Oxford has a gr«at attraction for all American* and It is a pleasure to see how completely at home they feel in the memories of th»» place. The days when Emer¬ son. Wendell Holmes and Lowdl were Staying wltn us the breakfasts and luncheon», the t--.,s and dinners and the delightful walks through coi- i«ge halls, ch.pels ami gardens are possessions for¬ ever. THE Ba-KMONl AND THE PULPIT. Emerson. I am grieved to say. when during his last visit to England h- Spent some days wltn us, accompanied and watched over by his devoted «laughter, was already on tin» brink of tb.it mis¬ fortune which overtook him in his old age. His memory often failed hltn, but as through a mist th«> bright and warm st n of his mind was always »bluing, and many of his quest l«>ns and answer. have remained engraved In my memory, w«-.ik and shaky as that too begins to be. I had forgotten that Kmerson had ceased to be an a itlVe preacher, and 1 told him that I rather envied him the op¬ portunity of speaking now and (hen to tils friends and neighbor, on subjects on which we csn seldom ;-(..ik except In church. He then told me not only what be had told Others, that "he had had enough of It." but he referred 10 an episode in his life, or rather in that of his brother, which struck me as very significant at th. time, "There was an ec¬ clesiastical leaven In our family." he said. "My brother ami I were both meant for the ministry in th«». 1'nltarlnn community. My brother was sent by my father to German) (I believe to OOttlngen), and after a thorough study of theology was return¬ ing to America. On the voyage horn«- the ship was «aught in a Violent gai.-, slid all hope of saving It and the HVU. of the passengers was given up. At that time my brother said his prayers, and made a vow that If his life »hould he spared he would never preach «gain, but give up theology altogether and earn an honest living in some other way. Tho ship weathered the storm, mv brother's llf.» was saved, and, in spite of all en tren ties, he kept his vow, Something of the same kind mav have influenced me," he added; "anvhow, I fell thnt there was Uifter work for me to «lo than to pr.a.-h from the pulpit." And so, no doubt, there was. for this wonderfully gifted man, particularly at the time and in the place where he lived A few years' study at <ii">tt Ingen might have been useful to Kmerson by showing him the track followed by other explorers of the unknown sea. of religion nnd philosophy, bul he fell In himself the for--.- u grapple with the gnat problems of the world without going tirst to school to learn how others before him had grappled with them. And this was perhaps the best for him and for us. His fresh¬ ness and his courage remained undamped bv the failures cf othwrs, and hi. directness or Judgment and poetical Intuition had freer scope 1rs his rnap- sodles than It would have hud in learned treatises. 1 do not wonder that philosophers by profession bad nothing to say to his essays bec.tise they did not seem to advance, their favorite inquiries beyond the point they had rea. he.I before Hut there 'were many people, particularly In America, to whom thss. rliapsodl<-s did more good than any Icaniol disquisition, or carefully arranged sermons. There Is In them what attracts us s» much In th.- an¬ cients, freshness, directness, self-contldence, un- swervlng loyalty to truth, as far as they couid see It. He had no one to fear, no one to please. So¬ crates or Plato, if suddenly brought to life agnln lu America, might have spoken like Kmerson and the effect produced by Emerson Was Certainly lilt.» that produced by Socrates In olden times. Another eminent American who often honored mv quiet home st Oxford was Jame« Russell I owsll for a time t'nltc.l Stat.s Mlnls-ter In England ||' wns a professor and at the sime time a politician nnd a man of th<» world. Few essavs are so brim ful of Interesting facts and original reflection« as his essays entitled "Among My {looks" Ills "Hl_ low Papers," which made him one of the lendlnat men in the United States, appeal paturaltv »n American rather than to cosmopolitan readers But In six-lety he was nt home In England as much as In America, In Spain ns well ns |n Holland I ..»mi- to km»*- him first as a sparkling correa, pondent, and then as a delightful friend Here Is the letter which began our Intimacy; "fiegaolon d«> los Estados Unidos de America sn Esparta "l read with great satisfaction what voii wrote about jade.« (hie is tempted to cry out with Mar lowe's Tamburlalne. 'How now. ye pampered ladea of Asia!' One thing In the discussion hoV atnick me u gj4Kl deal, and that Is, the crude notion which Intelligent men have of the migration of' At» I think most men's conception of distance is very much .. creutun» of maps which make'crlrn Tnrtnry nnd England not more than a foot nnurt .0 that the fact of the ol.jI rhyme-'to dam* out f Ireland Into I-ranee, look» easy. Thev seem to think that the shifting of habitation was aecom- illshed like a modern journey by rail, and that the -migrants wouldn't tn-ed tools by the way or would buy Hum at the nearest shop after tl/SIr arrival There l«< nothing the Ignorant and poorcllng to so entu-ioutdy as their familiar household utensils neredlble thinics are brought every day to America n th.» luggage of .migrant, things often most umbrous to curry and Utterly úselos. In the new ome Famuli's thai w.-nt from our .aboard to he West a ci-ntury ago, through an almost Im¬ penetrable wilderness, carried with them all their liuncstIc potH and puns even thoee, I should be llllng to wager, that necled the tinker. 1 re- .1 h-.l written rotas article» In "The Time»" t.» »hew h.it Who. w* .Met With la.1« Ute!« In ..«mirle» far re \-4 fr..m the few mire» In which Isiie I» Muni w« admit mut ih-v wrrr ..inied »long n« precious heir. .»»ins hv th» e«rli«»t en.isranl» trim Asia to Eur«»p#. by ha »»»-ne Mtpta wm> curried the tool» of thflr mind that ilia word« of ih«ir Ur-cuage. from thalr original horn*. th* slprss uf ths M*0li«rraii*sa, to leslaae, to Ireland In toa «nd IS Am-rlca. member very well the atarting of an expedlttaa from my native town of Cambridge In fci for Oregon, under the lead of a csptaln «-.f «rest energy and resource. They started In WKfOn« In¬ geniously contrived so as to be taken to plecee the body forming a boat for crossing river« the» carried everything they eould think at with there snd got safely to the other side of the «ontlient* a« hard a Job. I fancy, «« our Aryan ancestor» hod to do. There I« hardly a family of English descent In New-Kngland that doesn't cherub a« an rnHr. loom something brought over by the first anceetore 2S0 vears ago. And beside the motive of utlltw there Is that also of sentiment--partlcii|«rly strong In the cuse of an old fool. Faithfully yours, "J. R LOWELL." Lowell'« conversation was Inexhaustible, hi« in¬ formation astonishing. Pleasant as he was, »vea s« an antagonist, he would occasionally lose hi temper and use very emphatic langusa«. 1 wa« ore.» sitting next to him when I heard him »laager Us neighbor, a young lady, by hur«tlng out with "Hut madam, I do not accept your major premise!»* Peor thing, »he »vident ly wa« not seeuetomed to auch language, and not acquainted with that ter¬ rible term. Hhe collapsed, evidently «pipe at a 1',«., as to what gift on her part Mr. Lowell fiecllncd to accept. Sometime« even the m Mil harmless remark «bom Arnerl«» would call form v-iv »o^r,. repUa « fr«»re him. Kverybcdv know» that 'he salarie« paid by America to her diplomatic staff are Inetlftlcleht, and no one knew It better than h* himself j¡,i; wn«a the remark was made m hl» presence that the t'nlted State« treated their diploma*!" represent»*, lives stingily, he fired up, and dlecouraed most elo. fluently on the advantage« of high th iiiaht» xni humb'e living. HI.«-eléveme»» and r'-sdln»«» In writ. Ing occasional verse» have tj»nme proverbial, and J am glad to t»e able to add two mort ta the MM Jeux d'esprit of this brilliant and amiable g i«»«t Had I all tongues Max Miller know«, i could not with them altogether Tell half the debt a stranger owe« whs Oxford aces in pleasant weather. The halls, the gardens, and the «»und», Th«-re-» nought can match them on tlill .SoeTL Smiled or. by all the partial god« Sime Alfreii (If 'twas he» began K; Hut more than all the welcome.» warm. Thrown thick .» lavish han-l«. coiill to»» «aas. Why. they«] b_ve wooeu in wtoter«etorn One'« very umbrella-.«tick to MeaSSSS! Hrlng me a cup of All Soul«' ale. Hetter than e'er was bought with tttler, To drink (<> may the vow prevail» The health of Max» and Mr» M 11.. -. .("Pnfessor" I would fain have esM, Hut the pinched line would no-, aim.- i«. And where the nail submits |r» he» |, There must the hasty hammer hit !.') Abundant a» was hi« wit In th» tros »«n«» af that word, his kindness wa» e«i«ially ae After .-» had written the above verses for mv sife my youne daughter »Beatrice (now Mr«, i'olyer K«nfuseon) .«bed iilm. aa young la lie« are wont t> .10 for a ;- w line» for- herrn if He at Once r » mv-d bti nan and wrote: O'er the wet «and« an Insect crept Ages er» man on ear,h v î« known. And patient Time, while Nature «.«¦;¦. The slender tracing turne'i to iton». 'Twas the firs« autograph* snd sunf Prithep, how much Of pro«e r,r «ore, In league wi-h 'he Creative pow»r». Shall .-'»ape Obllvion'i broom M long? In great hast». . . Faithfully »ours, \ 24th June, r*M, j. ¦. I itvrr.L. There wa.» no suhjee; on w-hl^h on/ COuM 'ouch that was not familiar to the Airo, rat of tl - ,' r-,,*- ffcat Table. Hla tnoughta and bla worda were i. and one felt rh.it It was not for the flr«- ttUM that th«» subject had t-een carefullv Thought oui art talked ou: by him. That he should hive bean able to stund al the fatigue of his tourney and 'he con¬ stant claims on his ready aril seemed to me mar¬ vellous. I had the jil. asure of snowing run th* «»id buildings of oxford. He s««med to know them all. snd had something to ask an«l to my about every one When we came to Magdalen College he -. «cd t.-, se., ¡mil to measure the elms He «re« very proud of some elms in Amortes, and i- tually brought some s'rlng with Which he hnd tr --»ured the largest tree he knew In his own country Ho proceeded to m«»n-ore one of c'ir finest elm« Is M»g- dalen College, and when he found th.v II w.t« larger than his Amerlc.-m giant, he stood » « for» It admiring it. without a single word of envj r db> appointment. \ I'n.WKHSATloN WITH THE AUTOCRAT. I bad, however, a «reat fright while he wa« »fay¬ ing at our ho'ise ne liad evidently done too much, and after our first dinner he had feverish «hiver« ing fits, and th«1 doctor whom I lent f »r -'e^Ured at once that he mu«-t keep perfectly auiet In led, und Attend no more panic of any klrni Tr.i» was i great disappointment to myself and to many of my friends. But at til» Mme of lif. the doctor'» warning« could not be disreKP-d'-d. and F haL at -ill events, the satisfaction of sending him off to »'.-imbrldge safe and sound. I hnd :rr¡ «« reral «Jay« quite to myself, and there w*r.» few sul leets which we did not discuss We mostly ag .¦ »I, but ever, where we did not It wa« a rei 1 pie ire to differ from him. VTedtrcuased the gr« the «mall¬ est o»i"stions. and on every one he had mas wise »n I telllnsr remarks to pour out. I r- ir..-m!v>r one long «Tin versa i Ion while we were sl'rir.ir in an old wainscoted roi»m at All Roula', orn i mented with the arms of former fellows, it !>;,-: I-en ..* hr-t the library of the college, then n\-.- .,' «h- felloe « r«>oms, and lastly a lecture-room. Wi were de«p in he old question of the true relation between the Divine ,on«l the human In m-«n. Snd bare aRain, a« on all other questions, eviythlnir »«...ined «.> to .bar nn«l evident to his mln«l. Perhaps t burnt not tO repeat what he said to me wrb'ii are iir'ed; "I have hnd much talk with people In I'r.irian«*.; with vou I have had a real conver« * ". We understood each other. an«l wornli.¦.-. I how II wa» that m«-n so often mlaunderetood ne Khar. I .old him that It was the badness if our language; he thoiiuht it was th.. badness of ur t-mper». Perhaps WO were both rieht. With him i't-atn sood- by was goodby for life, and at such moment« ,u:e wonders Indeed how kindred ron» i. asM ns» irit«"l. and ..-..- feela startled snd repelí« at th* iho'ierht that, sm-h ae they were on earth, they can never meet again. Ami yet there is c nttoefcy in the world, there is no flaw, n.» break sni where, and what baa been will surely be again, though how it will be we cannot know, nr.«i u only »». truel in th«- Wisdom that p< rva.l« s the Whole uni¬ verse, «re need not know Were i to write down my more or less casual meetings with men «>f literary eminence, I shoul«! have miieh mure to sa v. much thill Wa« of deep Interest and value to myaelf, but woukl irdljf be of Interest to oth«-rs. I felt greatly fla'- ;-e<l. for instance, when years ago, Macaulay it.v. me to see him at the Albany and to diseuse wi-v :m the new regulations for th«» Irdlen «"ivil Bervl -. Thi» must have been In about l»ñl I was quite a voung and unknown man at the time, but 1 h id ..'ready mode his acquaintance at Buneen's house where tie had been asked to meet Herr von Find iwtta, for e shurt time Prime Minister In Prussl i. and the most famous talk«-r in «lermany. It was Indeed a tournament to watch, but ¡is It was i K-igU»h, which Ki'ilowltz spoke well, yet not well enough for sui'h a contest. Macaulay earrli I the day, though Rsdowlta «>x«-elin,i in repart«.. In anecdotes and in a certain elegance more telll k In Trench 'hsn In »English. I went to call on Macaulav In Load« n well pro¬ vided as I thought with facts and argumenta tn support of the necessity of Oriental etu-l' ¦ which I knew !:«. had always discourage«!. In th. prepara¬ tion and examination of candidates for th>' Indian Civil Service He began by telling me 'nat he kn.-w nothing <.f Indian languag« s and li'eriture. and that he wanted tu know n'l I had to say on th« real advantages to l»< derived by young Ivlllar.« from a study of »Sanscrit. I have alr.a.'.-, p-iblished several letters In "The Times" on the subject and hi il carried on a l»ng controversy with Bit «'harle« Trevelyan. afterward published in a pamphlet, ee> titled, '.Correspondence Relattr.g to the EatabllslN menl of an Orwntal t'oliepe in London." MACAULAT AND ORIENTAL STI'PIES. Macaulay, after sitting down, asked me a number of quest lona, but before 1 had time to answer any one of them he began to relate hi» own expert« . in-«-.« In India, dilating on the dlfferenco hrtweea a scholar and ¡i man of business, giving a fill ac¬ count of his controversy while In India, with meo like Professor Wilson and others, who maintained that Kngllsh would never become the minage of India, expressing his own strong convictI« n to the contrary, and relating s number of anc" lot« », »how« Inn that the nfltlves learned English far rn.ire . .1 slljr than the English <x»ul«l ever l-.«r>i Hindu anee or Sanscrit. Then he brancbrd off Int dtspareg» Ing remarks about Sanscrit literature, ti.ilarly about tlieir legal literature, eut« ring minutely Into the question of what authority could tre*ssatgned to the Laws of Manu, and of what possible u».» they could I.«» in determining lawsuit» between live« etnllng up with the usual diatribes about the un- truthfulness of the natlvs of I idla, and the«r un- trustwortntnees sa aritneeeea In a curt of law This went on for nearly an heir and wa* very pleasant to listen to. but mont disappointing to a young man who had conn \«. rli S th ficts to meet all these argumenta, an arho ..'¦ '. In vain to tlnd a <han«-e to put In « .' ' At the end of this so-called conversa n .". thanaai me for the u.«eful Information 1 I I liven him, an.l I went hack to Osfofd I Mil OPS. a wiser man. What I had chiefly wl«bed to Impreae on him was that Haihybury shcubl not be «up- pressed, but should be ImpftM I; ¦ not t« ended, bm mended. But It i »osier l more popular I«' suppress ir. and .-uja--e--. d It wa«; »|> that In England, which has the Mrgest Oriental Empire In the w«»rld. there 1« now not a »Ingle school or seminary for the teaching of oriental languages whereas Prance, Italy, l'ru*»U. Austria and Russia have a ! found It « X| Odlenl 0 h IVe BUCll establishments and to support 'hem by liberal grant! P.vervbody now begins to »eo that tlie»« Governments ar.« reaping their rewards, bul In Knt;- land the old nrg'iment remslnl the «ame. "W,> e»n always find Interpreten If we pss them well, «nd If we only sp«-ak loud enough the natives never fall to umlerstand Whs, we m.'»n." Thl« is r.o «loulu much the s.ime as what Mr. I ¿yard meant when he explained to me how he managed to keep his diggers in order: "I «peak Eng¬ lish to them; if they <h> not undentaad, » «hout at Ihem- If they won't Obey, I kaock them down; ana If thev »how rtuht. I «hoot them down." No douot thl« was an exaggeration, but it certainly «Joes not prove the uselessness of a thorough knowledge of Oriental language» for those who are »ent to the P.ast to govern millions, and not to shout at them, or to knock them down _ Another true trend of mine was Arthur Helpe, the author of "Friend« In Council, and for a long time clerk to the Privy «'our.l He often paid u« a visit on his way to or from Itlenhelm. where he used to stay with th. then puke_of Mar -»rough. He hn.l a very hle;h «»pinion of the Duke » ability ae prealdenl of th.» «'ouncll «n«l «. »nsi.lere.l his |-_r- sonai Influence moot Important At the time of a «han««« of Ministry, you aboald aee the members of the Cabinet " he »aid. "People Imagine thev are miserable and «tisbenitened Th.« fact U they are like a P»«'k of schoolboy» going home for their holidays and »eranihllng out of the Council cham¬ ber as fast a« ever they cas." Onee when he csme to «t«k- with u« on hi« return from Blenheim, he told me now the Duke had left the «tav before for London, and that on that very day the emu had laid an egg. The Duke had taken the it rea test Intercet In his emu», and had long looked forward to this event A telegram was sent to the Duke, which, when shown to Mr Helpe, ras sa follows: "The emu has Itld an egg, and In the absence of Tour Grace wt have taken th« largas} atoase wo could Aod to halsh. Ik"
