Smart CHP from Biomass and Waste

It Cost Money to Throw Energy Away

Gasification Technology Conference

William (Bill) Partanen, P.E

October 13 - 16, 2013

Colorado Springs, CO

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SRF and RDF and recycled wood are valuable fuel options use in Metso Gasifiers

Household waste

(pre-treatment with partners) Wood chips & forest residue

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Commercial Gasification Installations

• Lahti Energia Full Scale RDF/SRF (160 MWfuel)

• First waste gasification plant in the world

• Start of bio gasification : September 2011

• Start on sorted MSW feedstock gasification : Dec. 2011

• Vaskiluodon Voima Biomass Gasification Plant (140 MWfuel)

• Coal replacement in PC boilers

• First in the world on such a large scale.

• Start up: December 2012

• Displaces 25 – 40% of coal fuel

• Eliminates up to 230,000 TPY CO2

• Demonstration GoBiGas Project (20 MWgas output)

• Synthetic natural gas production from biomass

• Licensed steam blown gasification technology from REPOTEC

• Metso scope: gasification plant, gas synthesis by other

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Lahti Energia site

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Gasification Applications

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Gasification technologies Position of Metso CFB gasification

PRESSURE OXIDIZIER PROCESS FEEDSTOCK SIZE APPLICATION

Atmospheric Air Fixed-bed Coal

SMALL

0 – 10

MW

Combustion engines

Pressurized

Oxygen BFB Biofuel

MEDIUM

5-50

MW

Combustible gas for

industrial furnaces

Steam CFB Oil

LARGE

50 -200

MW

Fossil fuel

replacement in

power plants

Entrained

flow Gas

HUGE

200 -2000

MW

IGCC

Transport

reactor Waste Transport fuels

Flame

gasification Synthetic NG

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Lahti Energia LAHTI ENERGIA

Gasifier

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Complete EfW concept – Lahti Energia From well planned recycling & sorting to high efficiency energy solution

• World’s largest waste

(SRF/RDF) gasification

power plant

• Highest electricity

efficiency (32 %)

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CO2 emissions

have decreased

by 30 % from

2011 to 2012

CFB gasification plant converts waste

into clean product gas for the power boiler

Processing of 250,000 tonnes /year of solid

recovered fuel (SRF) to :

• 50 MW of electricity

• 90 MW of district heat

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Lahti Energia Metso scope:

inlet silo gasifier – stack outlet

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SRF

handling

Gasification

and cooling

Hot gas

cleanup

Steam boiler

121 bar/540 °C Flue gas

cleaning

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Sorted MSW Waste to Energy Lahti Energy – SRF feedstock + gasification + gas cleaning

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• Gasify syngas at 850 – 900 oC (1560 – 1650 oF)

• Cooled down to about 400 oC (750 oF) - all corrosive components,

- alkali chlorides, Pb, Zn will be in solid form

- collect on ceramic filters & removed

• Filter dust out so the resulting gas is clean

• Burn clean gas in gas fired boiler

• Capture mercury after the boiler

• Reduces boiler O&M

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Benefits of waste gasification - “Modern” technology vs. Metso technology

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• Metso technology: Worlds highest power production efficiency in

waste firing

25%

60%

15%

Modern grate firing waste power plant (www.jly.fi)

Power Heat Loss

31%

56%

13%

Metso technology (Lahti Case)

Power Heat Loss

Metso technology is not limiting steam parameters, it is possible to built a plant with even higher power efficiency than Lahti

Waste to Energy

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AIR

SODIUMBI-

CARBONATE

BOTTOM ASH

FLY ASH FROM

GASIFICATION

Product gas

SAND

LIMESTONE

FUEL

ADDITIVE

0 kg/s 0 kg/s

Flow from/to other gasifier line

ACTIVATED

CARBON

AMMONIA

Product gas AIR

Steam: 49 Kg/s (390,000 lbs/hr)

121 Bar 540 C (1750 psig, 1000 F)

41 m³ 41 m³ 50 m³ PSA

NITROGEN FLY ASH FROM BOILER

Lahti Energy

Simplified process diagram

GASIFICATION of MSW is not INCINERATION

• Gasification of MSW does not involve combustion (burning)

• Thermo-chemical process breaks down MSW into simple molecules

• Molecules convert into a biogas

• Combustion process uses 110%+ of theoretical air

• Gasification is auto-thermal using 20 – 40 % of theoretical air

• Dioxins and furans need sufficient oxygen to form or re-form

• Oxygen-deficiency in a gasifier prevents this from happening

• 98% of the energy in the MSW feedstock still in the biogas

• Capture & control harmful pollutants during gasification process

• Biogas similar in cleanliness to natural gas due to filtration system

• Combustion - all gas cleaning done after combustion

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Vaskiluodon Voima

Main Features

•Electricity output 230 Mw

•District heat output 175 Mw

•535 C (995 F) 185 bar (2,675 psig)

Success Story

•Displaces between 20 - 40% of coal

•Reduced CO2 emissions by up to 230,000 TPY

•No boiler instabilities during co-firing

•All performance guarantees met

•Tie-in to main plant done during normal scheduled outage

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Supply of Biomass

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The fuel is procured within 100

kilometers of the plant:

‒ Wood (forest harvest residues)

90% (50–100%)

‒ Straw and reed canary grass 0%

(0–5%)

‒ Peat (milled) 10% (0–50%)

Amount:

‒ 900 GWth/a

‒ 30 trucks a day

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Gasifier

• Atmospheric air gasification

‒ CFB-principle

‒ Operating range 20 – 50 MWe

• Biofuels are gasified in reactor through

partial oxidation

‒ Start-up with light oil, air ratio 1.1

‒ The air ratio 0.3 during the

gasification mode

‒ Product (lean) gas temperature is

approximately 1200°F.

‒ The syngas produced - CO and H2

(both around 10%), N2, H2O, CO2,

tar

Feed silos

Reactor

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CFB gasifier Co-firing with Coal

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Biomass receiving

and pre-handling

Instrumentation,

electronics,

and automation

Large-scale belt dryer CFB gasifier

140 MWfuel

• Metso’s scope

• Feedstock receiving and handling

• Drying

• Gasification

• Boiler modifications

• Automation, electronics and instrumentation

Vaskiluodon Voima – Scope

Wet biomass Dried biomass

Product gas

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Vaasa Feedstock Specifications

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Feedstock Type Forest Residue Peat

Moisture (w-%) 42 - 65 38 - 55

Average LHV (MJ.kg) 5 - 11 9 – 23

Ash (w-% DM) 0.4 - 4 3 - 6

Cl (w-% DM) <0.05 <0.06

(Na + K) (w-%DM) < 0.2

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Fuel handling

• Capacity

‒ 30 truck loads/d, 3,500 ft3/load

‒ Unloading capacity 20,000 ft3/h

‒ 170 – 2500 TPD @ 40% moisture

• Fuel handling

‒ Screening and crushing

‒ Automatic sampling

‒ Storage silos 2 x 90,000 ft3

• Belt dryer for wood biomass

‒ Fuel moisture before dryer 47%

‒ Fuel moisture after dryer 34 %

‒ Water removal capacity 10 t/h

‒ Heat source for drying is the district heating circuit

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Gasification co-firing plant layout

Fuel unloading

Fuel screening

and crushing Fuel sampling

Fuel storage silos

Wood fuel belt dryer Gasifier

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Chain conveyers

VASKILUODON VOIMA OY

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Benefits of adding a biomass gasifier into a existing coal-fired plant

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Produces electricity from bio-

fuels with high efficiency

Extends the lifecycle of the

existing power plant

Replaces fossil fuel with

biomass in larger scale

Increases fuel flexibility

Original coal capacity can be

kept

Reduces CO2 emission

economically

Relatively low investment cost

Short delivery time and

minimized production

interference

Interface connections made

during normal maintenance

outage

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INTERNAL

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Production of biofuels

Source: Göteborg Energi

Production: ~20 MW Bio Methane

using wood pellets

Investor: Göteborgs Energi AB

Schedule: In operation 2013

Gasification & Boiler Island:

Metso Power

Methanation technolgy:

Haldor Topsöe

EPCM for Methanation:

Jacobs process

Existing boiler

GoBiGas - Phase 1

GoBiGas

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GoBiGas – Overall Process

• Simplified process scheme of bio-SNG process

• Metso delivers drying, gasification and part of gas cleaning

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Production of biofuels

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Advantages of Gasification

• Produces a consistent high-

quality syngas product

• Can use existing generation

infrastructure

• Simple integration with existing

boiler equipment,(no extended

shutdown required)

• Lower maintenance costs

• Quicker turnaround time from

product initiation to start-up

• Fewer permitting issues

• Uses broad range of biomass

feedstocks and waste materials

• Provides combustible syngas for

industrial & utility boilers

• Replaces fossil fuel with proven

bio/waste fuel

• Biogas emissions equal or less

than those when using natural

gas

• Gasification experience based

on over 200 CFB and BFB

installations worldwide

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For more information, please contact:

William (Bill) Partanen, P.E.

Manager, Business Development, Gasification

3430 Toringdon Way

Charlotte, NC 28277

980-254-0877

bill.partanen@metso.com